Universidad técnica de MachalaFacultad de Ingeniería CivilCarrera de Ingeniería Civil

2014

Name: Angel Pacho Cruz

Teacher:

Primer semestre “A” Aula: N° 4

Date: Monday

Modal Verbs

The modals verbs are a category of auxiliary verbs. Modal verbs are also called "auxiliary manners" or "just manners". The modal verb expresses the mode of a verb: ability, possibility, necessity, or another condition of the main verb.

These verbs are used with main verbs to form statements and questions. Manners conjugates have no time and can not be used without a main verb.

Can / Can´t

The verb 'Can' (puedo) belongs to the modal verbs and is placed before the main verb in the infinitive. It means 'power'. Used to express ability, inability, request, permission, possibility, and inappropriateness.

Affirmative NegativePron Can Verb Complement Pron Can + not Verb ComplementI

can

speak English I

can't /can not

speak EnglishYou run very vest You run very fastHe sit in the garden He sit in the gardenShe come with us She come with usIt jump to the other side It jump to the other sideWe make delicious cakes We make delicious cakesYou pass the exam You pass the examThey draw pictures They draw pictures

QUESTION AnswersCan Pron Verb Complement? Affirmative Negative

Can

I speak English? Yes, You can Yes, You can´t (cannot)You run very vest? Yes, I can Yes, I can´t (cannot)He sit in the garden? Yes, He can Yes, He can´t (cannot)She come with us? Yes, She can Yes, She can ´t (cannot)It jump to the other side? Yes, It can Yes, It can ´t (cannot)We make delicious cakes? Yes, We can Yes, We can´t (cannot)You pass the exam? Yes, You can Yes, You can´t (cannot)They draw Pictures? Yes, They can Yes, They can´t (cannot)

USE: We use “CAN” to express

1. Ability

Sarven can ride a bike. He can speak Japanese. I can play table tennis. We can cook.

2. Inability

Alicia cannot drive a car. We can’t lift 100 kilos. Jan cannot run fast. I can’t type very fast.

3. Request Can you help me? Can you tell me the way to

the museum?

Can you come here a minute please?

He can’t ride a horse.4. Permissions

Can I use your cell phone? Can I take a day off? Can I smoke here?

Can I go out?5. Possibility

The florist can deliver the bouquet early.

My friend can visit me this week.

CouldThe modal “Could” (Podria) indicate possibility or ability in the past.

Affirmative NEGATIVEPron Could verb Complement Pron Could +not verb complementI

could

speak English I

couldn't / could not

speak EnglishYou run very vest You run very fastHe sit in the garden He sit in the gardenShe come with us She come with usIt jump to the other side It jump to the other sideWe make delicious cakes We make delicious cakesYou pass the exam You pass the examThey draw pictures They draw pictures

QUESTION AnswersCould

Pron Verb Complement? Affirmative Negative

Could

I speak English? Yes, You could Yes, You couldn'tYou run very vest? Yes, I could Yes, I couldn'tHe sit in the garden? Yes, He could Yes, He couldn'tShe come with us? Yes, She could Yes, She couldn'tIt jump to the other side? Yes, It could Yes, It couldn'tWe make delicious cakes? Yes, We could Yes, We couldn'tYou pass the exam? Yes, You could Yes, You couldn'tThey draw Pictures? Yes, They could Yes, They couldn't

“May and “Might”May, is a verb that is used to refer to a hypothetical situation, ie it may be possible, for example:

They may forgive me. Ellos pueden perdonarme.

She may decide to travel to Spain. Ella puede decidir viajar a España.

He may accept your request. Él puede aceptar tu pedido

You can replace "May" with "can" to instruction, permit or questions

The modal verb "May” is closely related with "might" since both have the same use and meaning, although May indicates a greater degree of certainty. for example:

She may forget the problems. Ella puede olvidar los problemas.

She might forget the problems. Ella podría olvidar los problemas.

You may pay the bills. Tú puedes pagar las cuentas.

You might pay the bills. Tú podrías pagar las cuentas.

Affirmative:  May Negative:  May not Interrogative: May...?I may finish tomorrowPuede que termine mañana (quizá)

I may not work tomorrowPuede que no trabaje mañana

May I use your telephone?¿Podría usar su teléfono?

You may be wrongTú podrías estar equivocado

He may not be rightQuizá él no tenga razón

May you tell me something?¿Podría Ud. decirme algo?

He may go to Paris tomorowÉl puede que vaya a París mañana

They may not know thatEllos quizá no sepan eso

May I ask you a question?¿Podría hacerle un pregunta?

That may be a mistakeEso podría ser un error

It may not be so easyPuede no ser tan fácil

May I interrupt you?¿Puedo interrumpirlo?

It may be very rainingPodría estar lloviendo

It may not be a good ideaPodría no ser una buena idea

May we suggest something?¿Podríamos sugerir algo?

That may be a good signEsa podría ser una buena señal

It may not be permittedQuizá no esté permitido

May they come to my house?¿Podríamos ellos venir a mi casa?

She may give us a surpriseEsta podría darnos una sorpresa

He may not play in the streetÉl no puede jugar en la calle

May you call me later?¿Podría Ud. llamarme más tarde?

“May + have + participle” It is a construct to express last the verb may. Exists the past of may (might) but is ambiguous so that is not used much in the sense of the past. So it is necessary to use this expression:

I may have done something wrong. (yo puedo haber hecho algo incorrecto) Vicky may have told me. (Puede que Vicky me haya dicho.) They may not have known that. (Puede que ellos no hayan sabido eso.) I may have forgotten to lock the door. (Quizá me haya olvidado de cerrar la

puerta con llave.)

MightBoth "may" and "might" are used to apply some formal and polite manner, the latter being a term of utmost courtesy.

Affirmative Negative InterrogativePron. Might verb Pron. Might + not verb Might Pron. verb +?I

might

speak I

might not

speak

Might

I speak?You run You run You run?He sit He sit He sit?She come She come She come?It jump It jump It jump?We make We make We make?You pass You pass You pass?They draw They draw They draw?

Example: I might finish tomorrow. (Podría terminar mañana) You might be wrong. (Tú podrías estar equivocado) He might go to Paris tomorrow. (Él podría ir a París mañana) Might I use your telephone please? (Podría usar su teléfono por favor?)

“Shall” and “Will”

the modals verbs (Will / Shall + main verb) form future time and indicate an intention or action will happen in the future.

There is no difference between these two manners to use in assertions. However, Shall is rarely used in American English.

Affirmative Negative Interrogative

Pron.Shall / will

verb Pron.Shall / will + not

verbShall / Will

Pron. verb +?

I

shall / will

speak I

(will not orwon't) / shall not

speak

Shall / Will

I speak?You run You run You run?He sit He sit He sit?She come She come She come?It jump It jump It jump?We make We make We make?You pass You pass You pass?They draw They draw They draw?

"Will" modifies the verb that follows: I will I'll go =, She will work = She will work

Examples:

I will / shall close the door for you. (Cerraré la puerta para ti.) Tom will / shall meet us at the train station. (Tom nos encontrará en la estación

de tren.) They will / shall leave tomorrow at 8:00. (Irán mañana a las ocho.) I will speak English. (Hablaré inglés) Everybody will see this. (Todo el mundo verá esto) We will be very tired. (Estaremos muy cansados)

In information questions, shall and will be used to find options or data.

Who will / shall drive the car? ¿Quién conducirá el coche? When will / shall I see you again? ¿Cuándo veré a ti otra vez? How will / shall you get here? ¿Cómo llegarás aquí? What time will / shall we meet? ¿A qué hora vamos a encontrarnos?

In yes-no questions, shall and will are not synonymous. Will be used to request a favour.

Will / Shall you turn off the TV? ¿Apagarás la televisión? = Apaga la televisión. Will / Shall you stop whining? ¿Pararás de lloriquear? = Para con las quejicas. Will / Shall you go with me? ¿Irás conmigo? = Ven conmigo.

“Will” be used to inquire about one thing or person.

Will / Shall Tom ever pay you back? ¿Tom nunca te devuelverá lo que te debe? Will / Shall Mars be visited by humans within twenty years? ¿Marte será

visitado por humanos dentro de veinte años? Will / Shall you be finished soon?¿Vas a terminar pronto?

“Shall” Questions about preferences or recommendations. In these cases, shall and are synonymous of “should”. In American English use of shall is very rare and is found only in the first person.

Should / Shall I close the door? ¿Cierro la puerta? Should / Shall he close the door? ¿Debe cerrar la puerta? ¿Sería bien si él cierra

la puerta? Should / Shall they come back later? ¿Regresarán más tarde? ¿Deben regresar

más tarde? Should / Shall Tom bring food to the party? ¿Lleva algo Tom para comer a la

fiesta? Should / Shall we stay here? ¿Quedamos aquí?

Would

The modal verb "would" followed by the word "like" is a polite way of indicating a preference

Affirmative Negative Interrogative

Pron.Would + like

verb Pron.wouldn't / would not + like

verb Would Pron. verb +?

I

would like

speak I

wouldn't / would not +

like

speak

Would

I speak?You run You run You run?He eat He sit He sit?She a

chocolate

She a chocolate

She a chocolate?

It jump It jump It jumpWe swim We swim We swimYou play You play You playThey draw They draw They draw?Examples:

Would you like a chocolate? (¿Te gustaría un chocolate?) Would you like to visit me? (¿Te gustaría visitarme?) Would you like a cup of tea? (¿Te gustaría una taza de té?) I would like to travel to New York. (Me gustaría viajar a Nueva York.) Would you lend me some money? (¿Me prestarías algo de dinero?) I would like to know your opinion. (Desearía conocer tu opinión.)

"Would" can make a request more polite.

Would you come here? Favor de venir aquí. Stop making that noise! ¡Deja de hacer este ruido! Would you stop making that noise? Favor de dejar de hacer este ruido.

MustThe modal verb "must" can be attributed two main meanings: to denote obligation and also to express probabilities or suppositions.

Affirmative Negative InterrogativePron. must verb Pron. must + not verb Must Pron. verb +?I

might

speak I

must not /mustn't

speak

Must

I speak?You run You run You run?He sit He sit He sit?She come She come She come?It jump It jump It jump?We make We make We make?You pass You pass You pass?They draw They draw They draw?Examples:

He must follow a diet. (Él debe seguir una dieta.) It must be closed. (Debe de estar cerrado) We must hurry. (Debemos apurarnos) They must get up early. (Ellos deben levantarse temprano) You mustn't drink and drive. (No debes beber y conducir) She mustn't see this. (Ella no debe ver esto) We must not steal. (No debemos robar) Must you go there now? (¿Debes ir ahí ahora?) Must I call them? (¿Debo llamarlos?) Must he study this? (¿Debe él estudiar esto?) Must she stay in bed? (¿Debe ella quedarse en cama?) Must it be sent today? (¿Debe ser enviado hoy?) Must they start tomorrow? (¿Deben ellos empezar mañana? ) Must they stay here? (¿Deben ellos quedarse aquí?)

In information questions, the word “must” indicates an obligation and can be synonymous of “should”. Should in American English is much more common in this context.

Example:

When should / must we be there? (¿Cuándo debemos estar allá?) Who should / must I talk to? (¿Con quién debo hablar?)

“Should” and “Ought (to)”Should (debería). Used to express obligation less. Ought to (debería). Used similarly to “should”.

Affirmative Negative InterrogativePron. Should verb Pro

n.should+ not verb Should Pron. verb

+?I

should

speak I

should not /shouldn't

speak

Should

I speak?You run You run You run?He sit He sit He sit?She come She come She come?It jump It jump It jump?We make We make We make?You pass You pass You pass?They draw The

ydraw They draw?

The modals verbs (Should and ought) indicate the obligation for which it is not true. Should and ought are synonymous.

You should / ought to call your mother. (Debes llamar a tu mamá.) I should / ought to go home now. (Ya debo irme a casa.)

In questions, "Should" Used to tell if there is an obligation. In American English ought never used in questions

.Should he call her? (¿Debe llamarle a ella?) Should we pay now? (¿Pagamos ahora?) When should we leave? (¿Cuándo debemos salir?) What should I wear? (¿En qué debo vestirme?)

To express something that should have been done in the past but was not performed, use the form (Should + Have + Past participle of verb main).

He should have arrived earlier. (Él debería haber llegado más temprano.) We should have travelled yesterday. (Nosotros deberíamos haber viajado ayer.)

Affirmative Negative InterrogativePron. Ought

toverb Pro

n.Ought to+ not

verb Ought Pron. verb +?

I

Ought to

speak I

ought not to /oughtn't to

speak

Ought

I speak?You run You run You run?He sit He sit He sit?She come She come She come?It jump It jump It jump?We make We make We make?You pass You pass You pass?They draw The

ydraw They draw?

Examples:

I ought to study more. (Debería estudiar más) He ought not to drink (Él no debería beber)

Ought I to be here early? (¿Debería estar aquí temprano?)