verbaluri nawili - edu.aris.ge...2 verbaluri nawili analogiebi am saxis davalebebSi mocemulia muqi...

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Transcript of verbaluri nawili - edu.aris.ge...2 verbaluri nawili analogiebi am saxis davalebebSi mocemulia muqi...

Page 1: verbaluri nawili - edu.aris.ge...2 verbaluri nawili analogiebi am saxis davalebebSi mocemulia muqi SriftiT gamokveTili ori sityva (sawyisi wyvili), romelTa mniSvnelobebs Soris arsebobs
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verbaluri nawili

analogiebi

am saxis davalebebSi mocemulia muqi SriftiT gamokveTili ori sityva (sawyisi

wyvili), romelTa mniSvnelobebs Soris arsebobs garkveuli mimarTeba. daadgineT, ra

saxisaa es mimarTeba.

savaraudo pasuxTa yovel variantSi mocemulia, aseve, mniSvnelobiT

urTierTdakavSirebuli sityvebis wyvili. airCieT maTgan is wyvili, romelSic

sityvaTa mniSvnelobebs Soris mimarTeba sawyis wyvilSi arsebuli mimarTebis

analogiuria. pasuxis arCevisas gaiTvaliswineT sityvaTa Tanmimdevroba wyvilebSi.

1. astronomi : ciuri sxeuli

(a) lirikosi : poezia

(b) iuristi : sarCeli

(g) lingvisti : ena

(d) komikosi : parodia

2. karnaxi : miniSneba

(a) kraxi : marcxi

(b) pasuxi : SekiTxva

(g) amocana : angariSi

(d) simRera : JReradoba

3. guli : gul-sisxlZarRvTa sistema

(a) xerxemali : Zvlis struqtura

(b) organizmi : ujredis struqtura

(g) Tavis tvini : nervuli sistema

(d) myesi : kunTovani sistema

4. qaris wisqvili : wyali

(a) avtomanqana : sawvavi

(b) wylis Txilamurebi : talRa

(g) qaRaldis TviTmfrinavi : haeri

(d) orTqlmavali : eleqtroenergia

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5. mTa : aisbergi

(a) mSenebeli : arqiteqtori

(b) mwerali : kompozitori

(g) kinomcodne : kritikosi

(d) memanqane : instruqtori

6. globaluri : lokaluri

(a) permanentuli : sistematuri

(b struqturuli : detaluri

(g) ekologiuri : kosmosuri

(d) spontanuri : dagegmili

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winadadebebis Sevseba

am saxis davalebebSi mocemulia winadadebebi, romlebSic ramdenime sityvaa

gamotovebuli. gamotovebuli sityvebi winadadebaSi xazebiT aris aRniSnuli.

erTi xazi zogjer erT sityvas gulisxmobs, zogjer ki _ ramdenimes.

savaraudo pasuxTa yovel variantSi mocemulia sityvaTa jgufi, romlis

nawilebi erTmaneTisgan daxrili xazebiTaa (/) gamijnuli. airCieT pasuxis is

varianti, romlis TiToeuli nawilis Tanmimdevrulad Casma Sesabamis

gamotovebul adgilebSi azrobrivad gamarTul winadadebas mogvcems.

7. fotografia imden _____ afiqsirebs, ramdenis SesaZleblobasac _____ iZleva, maSin, rodesac mxatvrobaSi sinamdvile _____ : zoma, forma Tu feri _____

gazviadebuli an Semcirebuli saxiT warmoCndes _ yvelaferi _____ .

(a) detals ver / teqnologia / maqsimaluri sizustiT aisaxeba / SesaZlebelia /

xelovanze rodia damokidebuli

(b) detals ver / Tavad fotografis ostatoba / maqsimaluri sizustiT aisaxeba /

SeuZlebelia / mxatvarzea damokidebuli

(g) detals / teqnologia / amgvari sizustiT ar aisaxeba / SesaZlebelia /

xelovanzea damokidebuli

(d) detals / Tavad fotografis ostatoba / amgvari sizustiT ar aisaxeba /

SeuZlebelia / mxatvarzea damokidebuli

8. esa Tu is cvlileba sxvadasxvagvar fsiqologiur zegavlenas axdens sxvadasxva tipis adamianze. mSiSarasTvis is _____ imis niSania, rom SeiZleba misi _____ .

optimists is axalisebs, rogorc imis niSani, rom SeiZleba _____ . xolo

misTvis, visac sakuTari Tavis rwmena _____ , cvlileba _____ wyaroa, miniSnebaa

imaze, rom _____ .

(a) imedismomcemia, radgan / mdgomareoba gamoswordes / misi saqme ukeTesad

wavides / ar aqvs / Tavis damSvidebis / mas SeuZlia, TviTon warmarTos

cxovreba ukeTesobisken

(b) safrTxea, radgan / saqme cudad wavides / yvelaferma ukeTesobisken qnas piri /

aqvs / STagonebis / mas SeuZlia, TviTon warmarTos cxovreba ukeTesobisken

(g) imedismomcemia, Tumca, / saqme cudadac wavides / misi mdgomareoba ar

gauaresdes / aqvs / imedgacruebis / is ver Secvlis verafers ukeTesobisken

(d) safrTxea, Tumca, / mdgomareoba gamoswordes / yvelaferma uaresobisken qnas

piri / ar aqvs / sasowarkveTis / is ver Secvlis verafers ukeTesobisken

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9. politikuri eqspertebis saqmianoba mniSvnelovnad Seicvala bolo wlebis

ganmavlobaSi: adre maTi ZiriTadi funqcia iyo mimdinare movlenebis ufro

farTo konteqstSi gaazreba, Tvalsazrisis gamoTqma _____ Sesaxeb. bolo dros ki

eqspertebi sul ufro _____ laparakoben imaze, _____ , da _____ msjeloben

imaze, _____ .

(a) ukve momxdari faqtebis / naklebad / rac ukve moxda / mets / Tu ra SeiZleba

moxdes momavalSi

(b) mosalodneli cvlilebebis / mets / Tu ra SeiZleba moxdes momavalSi /

naklebad / rac ukve moxda

(g) ukve momxdari faqtebis / meti sifrTxiliT / Tu ra SeiZleba moxdes

momavalSi / Tamamad / rac ukve moxda

(d) mosalodneli cvlilebebis / meti sifrTxiliT / rac ukve moxda / Tamamad /

Tu ra SeiZleba moxdes momavalSi

10. _____ , adamians imdenad farTo da miukerZoebeli goneba hqondes, rom _____ SeZlos mniSvnelovan sakiTxebSi swor poziciasTan miaxloeba _ aseT

SemTxvevebSi WeSmariteba mxolod _____ miiRweva.

(a) iSviaTia / sakuTari ZalebiT / mowinaaRmdegeTa kamaTis gziT

(b) SeuZlebelia / sxvebis daxmarebiT / sxvebTan dialogiT

(g) SesaZlebelia / sakuTari ZalebiT / mowinaaRmdegeTa kamaTis gziT

(d) mosalodnelia / sxvebis daxmarebiT / damoukidebeli ZalisxmeviT

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logika

am saxis davalebebi gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisgan monacemebisa da gamosatani

daskvnebis TvalsazrisiT. amitom gansakuTrebuli yuradReba miaqcieT SekiTxvas,

romelic axlavs TiToeul davalebas, da mocemuli variantebidan airCieT

Sesabamisi pasuxi.

zogierT SekiTxvaze pasuxis gacemas gagiadvilebT monacemebis gamosaxva

naxazis formiT.

11. profesorma asistents sTxova, studentebis nawerebi Seemowmebina da, Tu

SefasebaTa umravlesoba aradamakmayofilebeli iqneboda, maTTvis damatebiTi

konsultaciebi Caetarebina.

qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romel SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba iTqvas, rom asistentma ar

Seasrula davaleba?

(a) asistentma Seamowma studentebis nawerebi da, radgan SefasebaTa umravlesoba

damakmayofilebeli aRmoCnda, aRar Caatara damatebiTi konsultaciebi

(b) asistentma Seamowma studentebis nawerebi da, Tumca, SefasebaTa umravlesoba

aradamakmayofilebeli aRmoCnda, aRar Caatara damatebiTi konsultaciebi

(g) asistentma Seamowma studentebis nawerebi da, radgan SefasebaTa umravlesoba

aradamakmayofilebeli aRmoCnda, Caatara damatebiTi konsultaciebi

(d) asistentma Seamowma studentebis nawerebi da, Tumca, SefasebaTa umravlesoba

damakmayofilebeli aRmoCnda, mainc Caatara damatebiTi konsultaciebi

12. WianWvelaWamia mcire zomis cxovelia, romelic erT dros Zalze

gavrcelebuli iyo avstraliaSi. Tumca, amJamad CanTosanTa es saxeoba gadaSenebis

pirasaa, rac, zogierTi ekologis azriT, ganpirobebulia adamianis mier am

egzotikuri cxovelis bunebrivi sacxovreblis ganadgurebiTa da masze intensiuri

nadirobiT.

qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romeli faqti ayenebs eWvqveS ekologTa am mosazrebas?

(a) avstraliis TiTqmis yvela im regionSi, romelSic gavrcelebulia CanTosanTa

es saxeoba, intensiuri qalaqTmSenebloba mimdinareobs

(b) CanTosanTa es saxeoba binadrobs adamianebis sacxovrebelTan axlos, isini ki

mudmivad afarToeben TavianTi fermebis teritorias axal-axali miwebis

aTvisebis gziT

(g) bolo wlebSi avstraliis mraval regionSi gansakuTrebiT imata meliebisa da

mtacebel frinvelTa ricxvma, romlebic ZiriTadad mcire zomis cxovelebze

nadiroben

(d) am mcire zomis CanTosan cxovelze sakmaod didi moTxovnaa msoflios mraval

zooparkSi, ris gamoc adgilobrivi monadireebi rac SeiZleba meti

WianWvelaWamias Sepyrobas cdiloben

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13. dedam bavSvebs _ makas, ninos, gios da daTunas _ saaxalwlo saCuqrebi

moumzada, lamazad SefuTa da naZvis xis garSemo wreze daawyo. erT-erTi

maTganisTvis mas SerCeuli aqvs xelTaTmanebi, erTisTvis _ maisuri, erTisTvis _

qudi, erTisTvis ki _ kaSne. garda amisa, cnobilia:

• giosTvis gankuTvnili saCuqari da maisuri gverdigverd awyvia.

• makasTvis gankuTvnili saCuqari kaSnesa da ninosTvis gankuTvnil saCuqars

Soris devs.

• xelTaTmanebi ar aris gankuTvnili makasTvis, kaSne ki ar aris gankuTvnili

giosTvis.

qvemoT mocemulTagan romel striqonSia sworad miTiTebuli, vis romeli

saCuqari aCuqa dedam?

xelTaTmanebi maisuri qudi kaSne

(a) daTunas ninos gios makas

(b) gios daTunas makas ninos

(g) makas gios daTunas ninos

(d) gios ninos makas daTunas

14. megobrebi italiaSi mogzaurobas gegmaven. erT-erTi maTgani ambobs:

• Tu wavalT veneciaSi, maSin wavalT milanSic, magram ver wavalT romSi.

meore ki pasuxobs:

• Tu wavalT milanSi, maSin romSi da florenciaSic unda wavideT.

Tu davuSvebT, rom orives naTqvami gamarTlda, maSin qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan

romelia SeuZlebeli?

(a) megobrebi wavidnen milanSi

(b) megobrebi wavidnen veneciaSi

(g) megobrebi wavidnen romSi

(d) megobrebi wavidnen florenciaSi

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wakiTxuli teqstis gaazreba

yuradRebiT waikiTxeT da gaiazreT teqsti. TiToeuli SekiTxvis savaraudo

pasuxebidan airCieT is varianti, romelic marTebulia mocemuli teqstis mixedviT.

kino da literatura specifikiT gansxvavebuli, magram funqciurad

monaTesave niSanTa sistemebia. niSanTa sistemebs, niSnis bunebas semiotika

Seiswavlis. sityvieri Tu kinematografiuli xelovneba warmoadgens mudmivad

cvalebad semiotikur sistemas, gansakuTrebul enas _ mxatvruli nawarmoebi

mkiTxvelsa Tu mayurebels `Tavis enaze~ Taviseburad esaubreba. RerZi da

Semkvreli mxatvruli nawarmoebisa aris simbolo, sityvieri _ literaturaSi da

vizualuri _ kinoSi. simboluri SeiZleba iyos mTeli nawarmoebi an konkretuli

mxatvruli saxe, aseve, nawarmoebis gmiri, magaliTad, don kixoti, hamleti, don

Juani. TiToeulma maTganma, didi xania, SeiZina simboluri mniSvneloba. mxatvruli simbolo aRniSnavs movlenas, sagansa Tu cnebas garkveuli

msgavsebis safuZvelze. am mimarTebis (msgavsebis) wvdoma mxatvruli warmosaxvis

meSveobiT ama Tu im Sinaarsis ganzogadebis Sedegad aris SesaZlebeli. xelovnebaSi

simbolo migviTiTebs iseT movlenaze, romlis erTmniSvnelovnad gamoxatva

SeuZlebelia. zogjer erTi simbolo gansxvavebul, urTierTsapirispiro movlenebs

aRniSnavs. magaliTad, mxatvrul azrovnebaSi wyali sicocxlis sawyisis, ganwmendis,

ganaxlebis, ganayofierebis simboloa. amave dros, wyals gamanadgureblis,

damangrevelis mniSvnelobac aqvs _ bibliuri warRvna walekavs yovelives, Tumca,

isev wylidan ibadeba axali sicocxle. mxatvruli simbolo movlenis (aRsaniSnis)

siRrmisken warmarTavs Cvens yuradRebas da mudam Riaa axali interpretaciisTvis.

literaturuli simbolos kinosimbolod gardasaxva literaturuli klasikis

ekranizaciis erT-erTi mTavari sirTulea. xSiria klasikis, magaliTad, homerosis

poemebis, tolstois romanebis, ilia WavWavaZis moTxrobebis da sxvaTa ekranizaciis

cdebi, magram iSviaTia, rom literaturuli klasikis safuZvelze kinoklasika

Seiqmnas da ara _ didi qmnilebis mkvdari reproduqcia. Tumca, magaliTad, lukino

viskonti filmiT `sikvdili veneciaSi~ (Tomas manis amave saxelwodebis moTxrobis

mixedviT) axerxebs, gaemijnos Tavis literaturul pirvelwyaros da Seqmnas sruliad

axali struqturis mqone mxatvruli simbolo. Tomas manis moTxrobaSi mniSvnelovani

epizodia `dionisuri sizmari~: igi mTavari personaJis mier sakuTari warsulis

uaryofaze migvaniSnebs, magram reJisori Tavs aridebs mis ekranizacias, amjobinebs,

sizmris epizodi Secvalos epizodiT `fiasko koncertze~ da amiT gamoxatos

personaJis gancdaTa simZafre. amgvarad, reJisori literaturul simbolikas kinos

Sesabamisad ucvlis saxes. Tumca, zogierTi literaturuli simbolo Sinaarsisa da

formis sruli SenarCunebiT gadmoaqvs ekranze, magaliTad, qviSis saaTi,

amotivtivebuli bavSvobis mogonebebidan, moxetiale musikosebi da sxv.

nawarmoebis dasawyisSive Tomas mani warmogvidgens saxelmoxveWil mwerals,

gustav aSenbaxs. saxeli `gustavi~ ar aris SemTxveviTi. mkvlevarTa azriT, Tomas

manma is kompozitor gustav maleris saxelis analogiiT SearCia da viskontis

filmic maleris musikis CarCoSia moqceuli. mwerlis personaJic filmSi

Secvlilia kompozitoriT. filmis teqstSi uxvadaa CarTuli siuJeturi

komponentebi Tomas manis sxva romanebidan, Semoyvanilia axali personaJi,

moqmedeba viTardeba da mTavrdeba zRvis fonze, romelic mogvagonebs manis

adreul moTxrobas `sikvdili~. filmi `sikvdili veneciaSi~ aris mogzauroba

Tomas manis samyaroSi. lukino viskontim manis epikuri novelis ekranuli

Txrobisas zedmiwevniT zustad gamoxata misi Sinaarsi.

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15. teqstSi fraza _ `sityvieri Tu kinematografiuli xelovneba warmoadgens mudmivad cvalebad semiotikur sistemas~ _ migvaniSnebs, rom:

(a) kino da literatura funqciurad monaTesave niSanTa sistemebia, Sesabamisad,

TiToeuls gansakuTrebuli sasaubro ena aqvs: kinos _ vizualuri,

literaturas ki _ sityvieri

(b) yoveli mxatvruli nawarmoebi Taviseburad, misTvis damaxasiaTebeli mxatvruli

Tu gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebiT gadmogvcems saTqmels

(g) simbolo sityvieric SeiZleba iyos da vizualuric, Sesabamisad, literaturasa

da kinoSi es ori saxe mudmivad enacvleba erTmaneTs

(d) mxatvruli nawarmoebis yovel personaJs simboluri mniSvneloba eniWeba,

Sesabamisad, mxatvrul simboloTa mravalferovneba qmnis sxvadasxva sasaubro

enas

16. ra mizniTaa CarTuli teqstSi informacia wylis simbolikis Sesaxeb?

(a) vecnobiT mxatvruli simbolos bunebas: is mniSvnelobiT garkveulwilad

ukavSirdeba aRsaniSns, sxvadasxva konteqstSi SesaZlebelia misi gansxvavebuli

interpretirebac

(b) vecnobiT mxatvruli simbolos bunebas: is mxatvruli warmosaxvis Sedegia da

srulad, amomwuravad axasiaTebs aRsaniSns

(g) ikveTeba mxatvruli simbolos mniSvneloba: is xdeba RerZi da Semkvreli

mxatvruli nawarmoebisa da yovelTvis urTierTsapirispiro cnebebs aRniSnavs

(d) ikveTeba mxatvruli simbolos mniSvneloba: is literaturasa Tu

kinoxelovnebaSi amkvidrebs iseT saxe-simboloebs, rogorebicaa, magaliTad,

don kixoti, hamleti, don Juani da sxv.

17. literaturuli klasikis safuZvelze iSviaTad iqmneba kinoklasika. amis

ZiriTadi mizezi, teqstis mixedviT, is aris, rom:

(a) reJisori literaturul simbolikas kinematografiis specifikis

gaTvaliswinebiT ucvlis saxes

(b) reJisori ejaWveba literaturul pirvelwyaros, cdilobs, ucvlelad

gadmoitanos misi detalebi

(g) reJisori iviwyebs pirvelwyaros da qmnis sruliad axali struqturis mqone

mxatvrul simbolos

(d) reJisori zedmiwevniT zustad ver imeorebs nawarmoebis siuJets, mxatvrul

detalebs

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18. teqstSi aRwerilia literaturuli nawarmoebis ekranizaciis lukino

viskontiseuli xelwera. qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romel konkretul principze

ar aris saubari teqstSi?

(a) reJisori literaturul simbolos cvlis kinosimboloTi

(b) reJisori emijneba literaturul pirvelwyaros da qmnis axali struqturis

mqone mxatvrul simbolos

(g) reJisori Tavisuflad ekideba nawarmoebis siuJets da sakuTari amocanis

Sesabamisad cvlis epizodebs

(d) reJisori filmSi rTavs cnobil epizodebs nawarmoebis avtoris biografiidan

19. bolo abzacSi vkiTxulobT: `viskontis filmi maleris musikis CarCoSia

moqceuli~. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT im faqtsac, rom filmi iwyeba da mTavrdeba

gustav maleris V simfoniiT, SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom:

(a) filmSi ar ismis maleris garda arc erTi sxva kompozitoris musika

(b) filmi marTlac maleris musikis CarCoSia moqceuli, am sityvis pirdapiri

mniSvnelobiT

(g) Tomas mani STagonebuli iyo maleris musikiT da viskontis surda, es

eCvenebina

(d) Tomas manis moTxrobis mTavari personaJis prototipi gustav maleri iyo

20. Tengiz abulaZem gadaiRo mxatvruli filmi `natvris xe~ giorgi leoniZis amave saxelwodebis moTxrobaTa krebulis mixedviT, romelSic mwerali

bavSvobisdroindel ambebs ixsenebs, gvixatavs garemos, romelSic gaizarda,

moTxrobebis personaJebad aqcevs misTvis axlobel adamianebs.

Tengiz abulaZe sxvadasxva moTxrobis (`fufala~, `cicikore~, `marita~ da

sxv.) gmirebis ambebs amTlianebs, Semohyavs axali personaJebi, cvlis bevr epizods.

magaliTad, moTxrobaSi soflisgan gariyuli marita dardiT kvdeba, filmSi ki

mas sastiki brbo uswordeba. Tumca, filmSi SenarCunebulia leoniZis

nawarmoebis ZiriTadi azrobrivi xazi.

literaturuli nawarmoebis ekranizaciis principebis TvalsazrisiT, ra

paralelebze SeiZleba saubari viskontisa da abulaZis filmebs Soris?

(a) uamravi cvlilebis miuxedavad, orive filmSi zustad aris gadmocemuli

mwerlis samyaro da suliskveTeba

(b) viskonti ekranizaciisTvis irCevs manis erT nawarmoebs, sxva nawarmoebebs ki

damxmare saSualebebad iyenebs. abulaZe ki ramdenime moTxrobas Tanabari

datvirTviT iyenebs

(g) orive reJisori Tavs aridebs mwerlis SemoqmedebiTi Taviseburebebis

gamosaxatavad vizualuri efeqtebis gamoyenebas

(d) mTavari personaJis tragizmis gamosaxatavad viskonti iyenebs originalur

simbolos, abulaZe ki imeorebs mwerliseul mxatvrul xerxebs

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analogiebi

am saxis davalebebSi mocemulia muqi SriftiT gamokveTili ori sityva (sawyisi

wyvili), romelTa mniSvnelobebs Soris arsebobs garkveuli mimarTeba. maT gaswvriv

mocemulia sityva, romelsac savaraudo pasuxebidan unda SeusabamoT erT-erTi

varianti, ise, rom sityvaTa mniSvnelobebs Soris mimarTeba sawyis wyvilSi

arsebuli mimarTebis analogiuri iyos.

21. viTom : TiTqos miuxedavad amisa :

(a) radgan

(b) Tumca

(g) Torem

(d) amitom

22. rgavs : krefs msjelobs :

(a) ikvlevs

(b) asabuTebs

(g) askvnis

(d) kamaTobs

23. zavi : piroba konsensusi :

(a) daTmoba

(b) dapireba

(g) winaaRmdegoba

(d) moTxovna

24. adaptacia : garemosTan Segueba asimilacia :

(a) gadagvareba

(b) gaucxoeba

(g) damsgavseba

(d) daSoreba

25. wyali : sarke mdinaris foni :

(a) xidi

(b) CanCqeri

(g) kaSxali

(d) morevi

26. kaleidoskopi : erTferovneba rituali :

(a) Tanmimdevroba

(b) stabiluroba

(g) Tavisebureba

(d) siaxle

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winadadebebis Sevseba

am saxis davalebebSi mocemulia winadadebebi, romlebSic ramdenime sityvaa

gamotovebuli. gamotovebuli sityvebi winadadebaSi xazebiT aris aRniSnuli.

erTi xazi zogjer erT sityvas gulisxmobs, zogjer ki _ ramdenimes.

savaraudo pasuxTa yovel variantSi mocemulia sityvaTa jgufi, romlis

nawilebi erTmaneTisgan daxrili xazebiTaa (/) gamijnuli. airCieT pasuxis is

varianti, romlis TiToeuli nawilis Tanmimdevrulad Casma Sesabamis

gamotovebul adgilebSi azrobrivad gamarTul winadadebas mogvcems.

27. axlo aRmosavleTi mdebareobs `Zveli samyaros~ SuagulSi. _____ , pirdapiri manZili iranidan Soreul aRmosavleTamde, dasavleT evropamde da samxreT

afrikamde _____ , Tumca, rukis masStabis gamoyenebiT gazomilma manZilma

SeiZleba Segvacdinos, radgan, _____ , satransporto komunikaciisaTvis umoklesi

manZili _____ .

(a) marTalia / Tanabari ar aris / geometriis msgavsad / aris swori xazi

(b) Sesabamisad / Tanabari unda iyos / geometriis msgavsad / yovelTvis ar aris

swori xazi

(g) marTlac / TiTqmis Tanabaria / geometriisgan gansxvavebiT / yovelTvis ar

aris swori xazi

(d) miuxedavad amisa / araTanabaria / geometriisgan gansxvavebiT / aris swori

xazi

28. xelovnebaSi verasodes iqneba originaluri is, vinc _____ . xolo is, vinc _____ Tqmas cdilobs, ise, rom ar dardobs imaze, Tu ramdenad _____ , aTi

SemTxvevidan cxraSi raRacas _____ ityvis, Tumca, SeiZleba verc ki

gaacnobieros es.

(a) originalurobas ar eswrafvis / marTlac raime uCveulos / misaRebi iqneba

misi azri sxvebisaTvis / srulebiT banalurs

(b) originalurobas eswrafvis / ubralod WeSmaritebis / xSirad uTqvamT is

adrec / marTlac originalurs

(g) banalurobas gaurbis / raRac originaluris / xSirad uTqvamT is adrec /

srulebiT banalurs

(d) banalurobas ar gaurbis / yvelasTvis cnobili WeSmaritebis / misaRebi iqneba

misi azri sxvebisaTvis / marTlac originalurs

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29. ucnauria, rom zogierTi moazrovne _____ miiCnevs adamianebis bunebiT

Tanasworobas, rom _____ maT movaleobas, uyvardeT erTmaneTi; _____ erTmaneTis

winaSe adamianTa valdebulebebi, samarTlianobisa da Rirseuli qcevis wesebi.

(a) imdenad iluzorul idead / ar aRiarebs arc / Sesabamisad, am ukanasknelidan

gamohyavs

(b) ise TavisTavad cxadad da ueWvelad / masze afuZnebs / xolo am

ukanasknelidan gamohyavs

(g) imdenad iluzorul idead / masze ver afuZnebs / Sesabamisad, masze

damokidebulad miaCnia

(d) ise TavisTavad cxadad da ueWvelad / mis safuZvlad aRiarebs / xolo masze

damokidebulad miaCnia

30. televizias erTdroulad or rameSi sdeben brals da, _____ , erTi da igive adamianebi: erTi, rom _____ , Secvalos samyaro; meorec, rom _____ .

(a) bunebrivia / is ar cdilobs / misi mcdelobiT samyaro dRiTi dRe uaresi

xdeba

(b) rac marTlac ucnauria / mas SeuZlia / is ar cdilobs, ukeTesobisken

Secvalos samyaro

(g) rac marTlac ucnauria / is uZluria / misi gamoisobiT samyaro dRiTi dRe

uaresi xdeba

(d) bunebrivia / is cdilobs / misi mcdelobis miuxedavad, samyaro ukeTesobisken

ar icvleba

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logika

am saxis davalebebi gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisgan monacemebisa da gamosatani

daskvnebis TvalsazrisiT. amitom gansakuTrebuli yuradReba miaqcieT SekiTxvas,

romelic axlavs TiToeul davalebas, da mocemuli variantebidan airCieT

Sesabamisi pasuxi.

zogierT SekiTxvaze pasuxis gacemas gagiadvilebT monacemebis gamosaxva

naxazis formiT.

31. TamaSis wesebis Tanaxmad, xuTi bavSvidan erT-erTma raime unda daxatos, erT-erTma ki gamoicnos, vinaa naxatis avtori. iraklis unda gamoecno naxatis

avtoris vinaoba. kiTxvaze – vin daxata es saxli? – bavSvebma upasuxes: daTuna: Tikom an likam.

Tiko: me davxate.

giga: likam.

lika: daTunam.

vin aris naxatis avtori, Tuki bavSvebidan mxolod erTi ambobs simarTles?

(a) giga

(b) Tiko

(g) lika

(d) daTuna

32. Sotlandiis CrdiloeTSi aRmoCenil erT-erT uZveles sacxovrebel

kompleqsSi, skara breiSi, sacxovrebeli saxlebis Sesasvlelis orive mxares dgas

qvis sawoli: ufro didi _ Sesasvlelis marjvniv, momcro ki _ marcxniv. vinaidan

CrdiloeT Sotlandiis am mxareSi dResac arsebobs tradicia, romlis mixedviTac

mamakacebs ufro did sawolebze sZinavT, vidre _ maT colebs, mkvlevarma

ivarauda, rom skara breiSi marjvena sawoli qmrisTvis iyo gankuTvnili, xolo

marcxena _ colisTvis.

qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romeli viTareba daayenebda eWvqveS mkvlevris varauds?

(a) gaTxrebis Sedegad dadasturda, rom skara breis mcxovrebTa socialuri

organizacia stabilur ojaxur erTobebs efuZneboda

(b) samarxebis Seswavlam daadastura, rom skara breis preistoriul mosaxleobaSi

bevrad ufro mkveTrad iyo gamokveTili mamakacebsa da qalebs Soris fizikuri

gansxvavebebi (sqesobrivi dimorfizmi), vidre _ Tanamedrove adamianebSi

(g) skara breis yvela saxlis Sesasvleli kari anjamebze marcxena mxridan ekida da

SigniT iReboda, ris gamoc Semsvleli pirvelad marjvena sawols xedavda

(d) skara breis preistoriul mosaxleobas arc genetikurad da arc

kulturulad araferi aqvs saerTo am mxaris amJamindel mosaxleobasTan,

romelic ramdenime saukunis win gadmosaxlda evropis kontinentidan

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33. mocemulia sami winadadeba: I. sportsmeni, romelic bevrs ar varjiSobs, ver miaRwevs warmatebas.

II. zogierTi sportsmeni bevrs varjiSobs.

III. arseboben warmatebuli sportsmenebi.

qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romeli debuleba aRwers sworad am winadadebebs Soris

mimarTebas?

(a) I da II winadadebebidan gamomdinareobs III

(b) I da III winadadebebidan gamomdinareobs II

(g) II da III winadadebebidan gamomdinareobs I

(d) arc erTi maTgani ar gamomdinareobs danarCeni oridan

34. mocemulia: • zogierT fexmard cxens grZeli fafari aqvs.

• arc erT TeTr cxens ar aqvs grZeli fafari.

qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romeli debuleba unda aviRoT mesame wanamZRvrad, raTa

davaskvnaT, rom zogierTi gaxednili cxeni TeTri ar aris?

(a) zogierT gaxednil cxens ar aqvs grZeli fafari

(b) arc erT gaxednil cxens ar aqvs grZeli fafari

(g) arc erTi fexmardi cxeni ar aris gaxednili

(d) yvela fexmardi cxeni gaxednilia

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wakiTxuli teqstis gaazreba

yuradRebiT waikiTxeT da gaiazreT teqsti. TiToeuli SekiTxvis savaraudo

pasuxebidan airCieT is varianti, romelic marTebulia mocemuli teqstis mixedviT.

holandielma botanikosma hugo de frizma mcenareebze dakvirvebiT aRmoaCina,

rom individualuri maxasiaTeblebi Taobidan Taobas gadaecema yovelgvari

Serevisa da gasaSualoebis gareSe. amasTanave, ama Tu im TaobaSi Cndeba erTi da

imave saxeobis mcenareTa axali nairsaxeoba, romelic danarCenebisgan mkveTrad

gansxvavdeba, da misi niSan-Tvisebebi memkvidreobiT gadaecema STamomavlobas. ram

SeiZleba ganapirobos is, rom Cndeba mosalodnelisgan gansxvavebuli niSan-

Tvisebebi? rogor SeiZleba aRmocendes axali geni, Tuki yvela geni

mSoblebisganaa memkvidreobiT miRebuli?

ujredis gayofis procesSi TiToeuli qromosoma replicirdeba, anu

yalibdeba meore qromosoma yvela im geniT, romlebic pirvel qromosomaze

arsebulis identuria. Tumca, drodadro SesaZlebelia, am procesSi moxdes

`Secdoma~ da miviRoT qromosoma originalisagan gansxvavebuli geniT. roca

amgvari ram xdeba, axali ujredi, romelsac gadaecema Secvlili genis mqone

qromosoma, Tavisi qimiuri SemadgenlobiT gansxvavdeba mSobeli ujredisgan. amis

Semdeg ujredis yoveli axali gayofisas iqmneba ukve Secvlili qromosoma da is

arasodes ubrundeba Tavis sawyis formas. process, romlis Sedegad qromosoma

Secvlili saxiT iCens Tavs ise, rom uecrad icvleba ujredis qimiuri

Semadgenloba, mutacia ewodeba.

evoluciis TvalsazrisiT, mutacia garkveulwilad uzrunvelyofs genetikur

mravalferovnebas, romelic aucilebelia imisaTvis, rom saxeobebma SeZlon

bunebrivi gadarCevis gziT garemo pirobebTan Segueba. magaliTad, nebismieri

mutacia, romelic saSualebas miscems bocvers, ufro swrafad irbinos,

daexmareba mas mtrisgan gaqcevaSi. mas gadarCenis meti Sansi eqneba, vidre sxva,

amgvari mutaciis armqone bocvers. sicocxlis gaxangrZlivebis Sedegad mas,

sxvebTan SedarebiT, meti STamomavlobis gaCenis saSualebac eqneba. zogierTi misi

STamomavali `damatebiTi siCqaris~ genis mflobeli aRmoCndeba, Sesabamisad, met

xansac icocxlebs da meti STamomavlobac eyoleba. garkveuli drois Semdeg

SesaZloa, saxecvlili bocveri mTlianad Caenacvlos uwindel saxeobas.

mutacia SeiZleba warmoadgendes cvlilebas rogorc ukeTesobisaken, ise

uaresobisaken, radgan is an xels uwyobs, an xels uSlis organizmis Seguebas ama

Tu im garemosTan. magaliTad, mutacia, romelic albinosobas iwvevs, sasargeblo

iqneba arqtikis binadarTaTvis, radgan uzrunvelyofs TeTr, damcav Seferilobas,

magram sazianoa im cxovelebisTvis, romlebic sxva pirobebSi binadroben.

mutacias SemTxveviTi xasiaTi aqvs da mis Sedegad warmoqmnili cvlilebebis

ganmtkiceba Zalze xangrZlivi procesia. amdenad, SeiZleba isic vifiqroT, rom

bunebrivi gadarCevis TvalsazrisiT, is araefeqturia. Tumca, cnobilia, rom

adamiani odiTganve cdilobda, Tavis sasargeblod gamoeyenebina mutaciebi da

xelovnuri gziT ganemtkicebina momxdari cvlilebebi Semdgom TaobebSi, rac

mcenareTa Tu cxovelTa axali jiSebis gamoyvanis SesaZleblobas qmnida.

magaliTad, inglisSi me-18 saukunis bolos gaCnda moklefexeba cxvris jiSi. mas

amkvidrebdnen da amravlebdnen mxolod imitom, rom am jiSis cxvrebs ar SeeZloT

Robeebze gadaxtoma, rac mecxvareebis saqmianobas mniSvnelovnad aiolebda.

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35. qvemoT mocemulia debulebebi I-sa da II abzacebs Soris kavSiris Sesaxeb. maTgan romeli ar aris swori?

(a) II abzacSi avtori cdilobs, pasuxi gasces im SekiTxvebs, romlebic I abzacSia

dasmuli

(b) II abzacSi konkretuli fiziologiuri procesis aRweris safuZvelze axsnilia

de frizis mier dakvirvebisas miRebuli Sedegebi, romlebic miTiTebulia I

abzacSi

(g) I abzacSi miTiTebuli dakvirvebis Sedegi II abzacSi aRwerili mutaciis

fenomenis gamovlinebas warmoadgens

(d) I abzacSi dasmuli SekiTxvebi eWvis qveS ayenebs genebis mutaciis meqanizmis

ganmartebas, romelic II abzacSia mocemuli

36. qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romel winadadebebs Sorisaa SesaZlebeli, Caisvas sityva `Tumca~?

(a) individualuri maxasiaTeblebi Taobidan Taobas gadaecema yovelgvari Serevisa

da gasaSualoebis gareSe _ drodadro am procesSi SesaZlebelia moxdes

`Secdoma~

(b) drodadro am procesSi SesaZlebelia moxdes `Secdoma~ _ yovel TaobaSi

Cndeba erTi da imave saxeobis mcenareTa axali nairsaxeoba

(g) yoveli axali gayofisas iqmneba ukve Secvlili qromosoma _ yovel TaobaSi

Cndeba erTi da imave saxeobis mcenareTa axali nairsaxeoba

(d) individualuri maxasiaTeblebi Taobidan Taobas gadaecema yovelgvari Serevisa

da gasaSualoebis gareSe _ yalibdeba meore qromosoma yvela im geniT,

romlebic pirvel qromosomaze arsebulis identuria

37. mesame abzacSi vkiTxulobT: zogierTi misi STamomavali `damatebiTi siCqaris~ genis mflobeli aRmoCndeba.

`damatebiTi siCqare~ Casmulia brWyalebSi, radgan:

(a) es sityvebi gamoyenebulia uCveulo konteqstSi, rogorc genis pirobiTi

saxelwodeba

(b) avtori amgvarad gamoxatavs Tavis ironiul damokidebulebas aRwerili

situaciis mimarT

(g) mutaciis amgvari SemTxveva mxolod hipoTeturadaa mosalodneli

(d) am sityvebiT aRniSnulia bocvris sicocxlis gaxangrZlivebis erT-erTi xerxi

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38. mecxramete saukuneSi mrewvelobis ganviTarebasTan erTad, rasac atmosferos dabinZureba mohyva, inglisis samrewvelo raionebSi aryis xeebis totebi

WvartliT daifara. amis Sedegad aq gavrcelebuli aryis xis pepela, romelic,

Cveulebriv, Ria ferisa iyo, Savma saxeobam Caanacvla. es peplebi dRis saaTebs

aryis xis totebze atareben da Savi feri maT Citebisgan Tavis dacvis

SesaZleblobas aZlevs.

teqstis romel abzacebSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebebis ilustracias warmoadgens es

magaliTi?

(a) I-sa da V-Si

(b) II-sa da IV-Si

(g) III-sa da IV-Si

(d) III-sa da V-Si

39. qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romelSia asaxuli bolo abzacis ZiriTadi azri:

(a) mutaciis gareSe adamiani ver SeZlebda cxovelTa axali jiSebis seleqcias

(b) mutaciebi imisTvis xdeba, rom adamianma ganamtkicos ama Tu im cocxali

organizmis axali niSan-Tvisebebi

(g) mutaciis xelovnuri gziT ganmtkicebiT SesaZlebelia im saxeobebis gamravleba,

romlebic adamianisTvis sasurveli niSan-TvisebebiT xasiaTdeba

(d) xelovnuri mutaciis gamoyenebiT adamiani genetikis kanonTa yovelgvari

codnis gareSe efeqturad axorcielebda saseleqcio saqmianobas 40. qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romel mosazrebas moepoveba yvelaze meti sabuTi teqstSi?

(a) mutaciebs ganapirobebs rogorc bunebriv saarsebo garemoSi momxdari

cvlilebebi, ise adamianis Careva genetikur procesebSi

(b) genebis cvlilebebs da, Sesabamisad, mutaciebs ZiriTadad fizikuri pirobebi,

garemo ganapirobebs

(g) mutaciebi, genebis cvlileba organizmSi momxdari fiziologiuri procesebis

Sedegia da ar aris damokidebuli saarsebo garemos Taviseburebebze

(d) mutaciebi organizmSi momxdari fiziologiuri procesebis Sedegia, romlis

ganmtkiceba SesaZloa, damokidebuli iyos saarsebo garemos Taviseburebebze

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Savi samuSaosTvis