Velondriake “live with the sea” Community-Based Managed Protected Area

Madagascar Campaign

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Geographical location

The Site (Velondriake)Spans over 700 km2 , 40km of coast , 23 villagesIncorporating: Coral reefs, mangroves, sea grass beds, baobab forests, spiny forests.

• Community based MPA• Network coordinated management system• Dina (local law and limited national recognition)

• Vezo (indigenous, nomadic, only recently monetized economy)

• Extreme social and economic isolation• Total dependence on marine resources / no

alternatives!• Absolute poverty (under 2$ a day)

• Management was piloted as a fisheries management tool, in order to enhance fisheries revenue (especially octopus)

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The Strategy

The social marketing campaign will target community leaders, MPA management, local fishermen and the migratory Saraha people to increase compliance and enforcement of the Dina in the Velondriake MPA, in particular in relation to beach seine netting and poison fishing.

The desired behavior change will be the consistent enforcement of the Dina through reporting of illegal activities, participation to Dina enforcement meeting and appropriate fining of poachers (both local and migratory). The campaign will also aim to convince the local community to invite the Fisheries Control Agency to help with patrolling and enforcement of the Dina.

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Velondriake theory of Change

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CRConservation Result

Increase fish population in the most threatened villages to 20% by 2014

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KKnowledge

Changing mindsChallenge/Threat: Lack of full commitment from protected area managers and community leaders. Lack of knowledge about the effect of destructive fishing to fish recruitment by resources users.

Solution: Leadership training and effective management skills to leaders; awareness raising to community members and fishermen using destructive fishing.

CRConservation Result

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AAttitude

Changing heartsChallenge/Threat: community leaders are not willing to execute their role , local fishermen are not involved in the management action and destructive techniques users do not comply to the Protected area

Solution: leaders will feel more responsible of the Velondriake management success; awareness raising will help community members to understand that they also have an important role to play with the Dina enforcement and migrates will understand the objective of the implementation of the MPA and its Dina.K

Knowledge

CRConservation Result

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ICInterpersonal communications

Changing the dialogueChallenge: Lack of empowerment among community leaders and community members in resources management and Dina enforcement.

Solution: Community dialogue about collaboration between managers/leaders and community members to improve management plan and level of trust.

AAttitude

KKnowledge

CRConservation Result

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Barrier RemovalBR Changing the incentives

Challenge: nepotism between community members and fear of migrants fishermen by local community in term of Law enforcement

Solution: Blue ventures staff will help for community dialogue and Fishery controller agency will help to enforce the Velondriake Dina to offenders.

ICInterpersonal Com.

AAttitude

KKnowledge

CRConservation Result

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BCBehavior Change

Changing behaviorChallenge: Local leaders and community members are not enforcing the Dina, local and migrants fishermen don’t comply to the Velondriake Dina by using destructive methods for fishing

Solution: Complete Dina enforcement by leaders; participation of community members and destructive methods users should stop beach seine or modify their net and use them only in the surface.

BRBarrier Removal

ICInterpersonal Com.

AAttitude

KKnowledge

CRConservation Result

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BCBehavior Change

TRThreat Reduction

BRBarrier Removal

ICInterpersonal Com.AAttitude

KKnowledge

CRConservation Result

Changing level of threatChallenge: Fish population are declining due to destructive fishing

Solution: Reduce beach seine net users and Eliminate the use of poison fishing.

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Concept ModelFIJI BROP WORKSHOP

Threat RankingFIJI BROP WORKSHOP

Factor chainFIJI BROP WORKSHOP

Factor Chain & Results ChainFIJI BROP WORKSHOP

Target audience

Community leaders (village elders, MPA management, village presidents)

Fishermen (age 15-35) and pirogue owners

Local and migratory beach seine netters

Barriers to Behavior ChangeFIJI BROP WORKSHOP

Desired behavior change

• Enforce the Dina (collect evidence, have meetings and give fines)

• Sign a letter of support to invite Fisheries control

• Raise awareness about the Dina

• Comply with the Dina• Report fishermen who use

destructive fishing techniques (poison and beach seine nets) and compliance with MPA zoning

• Raise awareness about the Dina

• Stop the use of beach seine nets or use them only on the water surface

Barriers to BC

• Fear that fisheries control may override them?

• Fear of FCA to sanction the community and creating conflict

• Some community leaders use/own beach seine nets

• Don’t consider the environmental Dina as important as it is not linked to ancestors (tabu)

• Don’t always recognize the MPA management as the right leaders

• Consider it their tradition and right

• Will get less money

Management OptionsFIJI BROP WORKSHOP

Objective 1: Reduce poison fishing1. Work with the Velondriake management committee and community leaders to

determine how people will investigate cases of poison fishing and enforce the Dina on poison fishers, and fish buyers

2. Night armed youth patrol to check activities from shore

Objective 2: Reduce beach seine netting3. Gear Exchange for local fishermen and also with migrant Saraha people. Once

local fisherman stop the practice, it will be easier for communities to call fish enforcement agency or enforce the Dina.

4. Fisheries Control Agency (Ministry of Fishing and Agriculture) to raise awareness and enforce DINA and national fishing legislation. Train community leaders to report cases of beach seining to Fish Enforcement Agency.

5. Lobby Mayor and Gendarmerie for gendarme presence in Bevato to protect local population from Saraha thereby enabling them to enforce Dina.

6. Work with the Velondriake management committee and community leaders to determine how people will investigate cases of beach seine netting, resolve conflicts and enforce the Dina on beach seine fishers

Impact Feasibility

3 2

3 2

2 1

4 2

3 1

1 3

BRAVO (Barrier Removal Assessment Viability Overview)

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TBDTBDTBD

44 3 3.63 324 3.5 2.833

Questionnaire resultsFIJI BROP WORKSHOP

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Results from preliminary pilot questionnaire (N160):

• 30 elder or village president, 15 pirogue owners, 8 V . Community committee members

• 95% of people think that the marine resources in the Velondriake area are decreasing

• 28% (40) of people cited beach seine netting as one of the reasons for decreasing marine resources

• 30% (43) of people cited poison fishing as one of the reasons for decreasing marine resources when asked to evaluate

• Almost nobody has ever enforced the Dina in relation to Poison fishing and beach seine netting but almost everybody says that they are willing to attend a meeting to enforce it in the future

• 4 people say that they have reported someone breaking the Dina before (2 once and 2 3 times)

• 28 people say they have given a warning to someone about breaking the V. Dina

Questionnaire resultsFIJI BROP WORKSHOP

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Results from preliminary pilot questionnaire (N160)

Level of trust for different sources of information:

Velondriake Committee: 26% trustworthy 58% somewhat trustworthy8% not trustworthy

Fisheries controller:49% not trustworthy32% somewhat trustworthy8% trustworthy

Elders:55% somewhat trustworthy21% trustworthy14% not trustworthy

Blue Ventures24% trustworthy53% somewhat trustworthy13% not trustworthy

Questionnaire resultsFIJI BROP WORKSHOP

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Results from preliminary pilot questionnaire (N160):

 

n people who can name the Dina

n people who can name the forbidden behavior total %

poison fishing 96 49 145 91

small mesh size 33 28 61 38

killing juvenile 44 14 58 36

BROP (Barrier Removal Operational Plan) & partnersFIJI BROP WORKSHOP

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BR strategy:Fisheries Control Agency (FCA) to come and help patrol the Velondriake MPA and help enforce the local Dina (which is also considered national law).

Fisheries Control Agency (FCA) have already said that they will be willing to do so provided that there is local support for their intervention. The strategy is therefore for the campaign to raise awareness and support and get the village leaders to sign a letter of support/invitation for FCA to come and patrol the area (within 6 moths from start of the campaign?).

Outstanding questionsAll details of FCA involvement still need to be agreed and formalized:• timing (when to start patrols, frequency of patrols)• FC involvement in the raising awareness campaign• Vessel (by BV?) and crew (FCA)• Evidence collection and prosecuting procedures• Communication (reporting of illegal activities, collaboration with MPA and village leaders)• Costs (vessel, per diem, fuel, other?)• Potential funder PACP (Projet d’Appui aux Communautes des Pecheurs)

Risks & questionsFIJI BROP WORKSHOP

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People with beach seine nets may opportunistically use them because they have them

Conflict amongst community members and leaders may slow things down or mean the Dina can not be enforced

Enforcement may lead to social and political unrest

People with beach seine nets may not be able to afford not to beach seine.

Would it be better to ban beach seine net use altogether or to ask people to use them only on the surface?

Political elections may coincide with campaign period