Vehicle Key Management Challenges for ... - Vector Informatik
Transcript of Vehicle Key Management Challenges for ... - Vector Informatik
V2.01.00 | 2016-05-09
Vector Cyber Security Symposium 2017
Vehicle Key Management – Challenges for Standardization
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u The internet of vulnerable things
Importance of cryptographic material
Vehicle key management != key storage
Challenges for standardization
Status of standardization
Summary
Agenda
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u Cyber security was a major concern during IOT solution world congress
u Vehicles are a part of the IOT
u The IOT is at least 20 years behind the established software industry in its cyber security awareness (F-Secure)
u Easy access to the IOT
u The search engine shodan allows to search for any device connected to the internet
u Can identify anything from refridgerator to power plant
u Can be used by companies to analyze device usage
u Can be used by attackers to find vulnerable IOT devices
u 2016 a simple search on shodan detected 743 unprotected Telematics Gateway Units (TGUs) of commercial vehicles which were easy to exploit
Impressions from Internet of Things (IOT) Solution World Congress 2017
The internet of vulnerable things
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The internet of vulnerable things
u Importance of cryptographic material
Vehicle key management != key storage
Challenges for standardization
Status of standardization
Summary
Agenda
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Cryptographic keys are the foundation for technical security mechanisms
Importance of cryptographic material
Connectivity Gateway
CU
Instrument
ClusterDSRC
4G LTE
Laptop
Tablet
Smart-phone
Central Gateway
ADAS DC
Smart Charging
Powertrain DC
ChassisDC
BodyDC
Head Unit
Diagnostic Interface
u For security reasons different keys are used for different security related use cases, e.g.
u Secure flashing of ECUs (a.k.a code signing, secure reprogramming)
u Secure boot of ECUs
u Diagnostic access control
u Secured communication between the ECUs of a vehicle (e.g. via SECOC)
u Secure communication from the ECU to external services (e.g. via TLS)
u SW update over the air (SOTA)
u Remote feature activation
u Component theft protection
u Immobilizer
u Mobile online services
u …
u The affected ECUs require a considerable number of cryptographic keys
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The internet of vulnerable things
Importance of cryptographic material
u Vehicle key management != key storage
Challenges for standardization
Status of standardization
Summary
Agenda
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Vehicle key management in a layered security concept
Vehicle key management != key storage
Secure External Communication
Secure Gateways
Secure In-Vehicle Communication
Secure Platform
u Secure communication to services outside the vehicle
u Intrusion detection mechanisms
u Firewalls
u Vehicle Key Management
u Security Audit Log
u Authentic synchronized time
u Authenticity of messages
u Integrity and freshness of messages
u Confidentiality of messages
u Key storage
u Secure boot and secure flash
u Crypto library
u HW trust anchor (HTA)
Security concepts
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Key storage
Vehicle key management != key storage
u Goal:
u Securely store cryptographic keys
u Basic Functions and Key Aspects:
u Take a cryptograhic key from the application
u Securely store it in NVM or hardware trust anchor of ECU
u Supported by the crypto stack (CSM, CRYIF, CRYPTO)
u Configuration of key structures via key elements
Microcontroller
RTE
CRYPTO
CAN
COM
ETH
MCAL
DIAG
CSM
CRYPTO (HW)
CRYIF
CRYPTO (SW)
ApplicationApp
SYS
Hardware Trust Anchor (HTA )
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Vehicle key management in the AUTOSAR architecture
Vehicle key management != key storage
u Goal:
u Simplifies typical and common key lifecyclemanagement tasks
u Basic Functions and Key Aspects:
u Receives new cryptographic material (keys, certificates) via diagnostic routines
u Verifies authenticity, integrity and freshness of cryptographic material
u Provides callouts to integrate with business logic for different typical key lifecycle phases (production, initialization, update, repair, replacement)
u Supports on board derivation of new keys
u Supports secure distribution of shared secret keys
u Logs security events to security audit log
Microcontroller
RTE
CRYPTO
CAN
COM
ETH
MCAL
DIAG
CSM
CRYPTO (HW)
CRYIF
CRYPTO (SW)
ApplicationApp
SYS
KEYM
SAL
Hardware Trust Anchor (HTA )
DCM
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The internet of vulnerable things
Importance of cryptographic material
Vehicle key management != key storage
u Challenges for standardization
Status of standardization
Summary
Agenda
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Production of the ECU
u Insertion of initial keys
Key lifecycle phases
Challenges for standardization
Aftersales
u Keys can be replaced if they have become compromised
u Keys can be renewed after a certain time to improve security
u Additional keys can be inserted for new use cases
u Replaced ECUs can get appropriate keys to participate in secure vehicle communication
End of line programming
u Replacement of initial keys by OEM specific master keys
u Insertion of additional keys
u On board derivation of further keys
u Secure distribution of keys in the vehicle network
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Variation points for technical solution
Challenges for standardization
u Development-, production-, after sales processes @ Tier1 & OEM
u Existing backend key management processes and IT infrastructure (e.g. PKI)
u Security goals (based on assumptions about the security of the development / production / service environment)
u Performance goals (based on end of line programming requirements)
u Vehicle security architecture / vehicle key management paradigm
u Central key security manager: derives / generates and distributes keys
u No central key security manager: Keys are mostly generated in the backend and inserted on the ECUs
Find right level of abstraction
u to provide added value compared to proprietary solutions
u Support known OEM specifics
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The internet of vulnerable things
Importance of cryptographic material
Vehicle key management != key storage
Challenges for standardization
u Status of standardization
Summary
Agenda
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Vehicle key management in a layered security concept
Status of standardization
Secure External Communication
Secure Gateways
Secure In-Vehicle
Communication
Secure Platform
u Secure communication to services outside the vehicle
u Intrusion detection mechanisms
u Firewalls
u Vehicle Key Management
u Security Audit Log
u Authentic synchronized time
u Authenticity of messages
u Integrity and freshness of messages
u Confidentiality of messages
u Key storage
u Secure boot and secure flash
u Crypto library
u HW trust anchor (HTA)
Security Concepts
CCSecurityCCExtensionsCCAUTOSAR4.4
CCTLS 1.2
CCSECOC
CCSHE, HSM, CCTPM, TEE,…
CCCSM / CCCRYIF / CCCRYPTO
Standard
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With AUTOSAR 4.3 major improvements in the AUTOSAR security stack have been specified. Furthermore the SECOC module was improved for more flexible handling of the freshness value. However experience from projects shows that the following extensions to the current security modules are required.
u C1: Security Audit Log
u C2: Key Management / Key Distribution
u C3: Secure Boot Status
u C4: Authentic Synchronized Time
u C5: Dynamic Rights Management for Diagnostic Access
u C6: Improved Certificate Handling
u C7: Abstract pre-definition of Crypto Items in System Template
Expectations:
u The extensions are essential building blocks for security controls.
u The extensions are not considered as competitive areas
u The complexity of integration can be reduced by standardization.
Goals of AUTOSAR 4.4 Security Extensions
Status of standardization
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The internet of vulnerable things
Importance of cryptographic material
Vehicle key management != key storage
Challenges for standardization
Status of standardization
u Summary
Agenda
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u The Vehicle is a part of the Internet of Vulnerable Things
u Vehicle key management != key storage
u Secure management of cryptographic keys in all lifecycle phases adds an important layer of security
u Standardization has a lot of potential for cost saving but is challenging due to OEM specifics
u In a year from know we will see how big a step we were able to do
u Participate in AUTOSAR 4.4 Concept Group 636: Security Extensions !
Key Points
Summary
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Author:
Dr. Eduard Metzker
Vector Informatik GmbH