Vehicle Extrication Firefighter Curriculum: Component 2.

Vehicle Vehicle ExtricationExtricationFirefighter Curriculum: Firefighter Curriculum:

Component 2Component 2

OverviewOverview

Terms & DefinitionsTerms & Definitions Responsibilities Responsibilities Vehicle RecognitionVehicle Recognition Accident Protection SystemsAccident Protection Systems Initial Operational ProceduresInitial Operational Procedures StabilizationStabilization Pneumatic Lifting BagsPneumatic Lifting Bags

Terms & DefinitionsTerms & Definitions ExtricationExtrication – safely and efficiently freeing – safely and efficiently freeing

persons, pets, or livestock from entrapment persons, pets, or livestock from entrapment in land-based vehicles of all types.in land-based vehicles of all types.

Disentanglement – that part of vehicle Disentanglement – that part of vehicle extrication that relates to the removal and/or extrication that relates to the removal and/or manipulation of vehicle components to allow manipulation of vehicle components to allow a properly packaged victim to be removed a properly packaged victim to be removed from the vehicle. Sometimes referred to asfrom the vehicle. Sometimes referred to as removing the vehicle from the victim.removing the vehicle from the victim.

Rescue – that part of vehicle extrication that Rescue – that part of vehicle extrication that relates to assessing, stabilizing, protecting, relates to assessing, stabilizing, protecting, and removing a victim from entrapment.and removing a victim from entrapment.

Terms & DefinitionsTerms & DefinitionsS.A.F.E.S.A.F.E. Stop And First EvaluateStop And First EvaluateFreezeFreeze FREEZE!FREEZE!Hand on ShoulderHand on Shoulder Stop what you’re doing and listenStop what you’re doing and listenControl Zones – hot, warm and coldControl Zones – hot, warm and cold Hot Zone – restricted access area immediately surrounding Hot Zone – restricted access area immediately surrounding

the scene, and only those directly involved in the the scene, and only those directly involved in the extrication operation are allowed in this area. (rescue extrication operation are allowed in this area. (rescue sector officer & crew)sector officer & crew)

Warm Zone – where those in support of the extrication Warm Zone – where those in support of the extrication operation may function. (power plant for rescue tools and operation may function. (power plant for rescue tools and charged hose line)charged hose line)

Cold Zone – where incident command and related functions Cold Zone – where incident command and related functions can be conducted. (tools, trucks and personnel staging)can be conducted. (tools, trucks and personnel staging)

ResponsibilitiesResponsibilitiesPolice:Police: Prevent further accidentsPrevent further accidents Traffic controlTraffic control Arrange for additional resources (i.e. tow truck)Arrange for additional resources (i.e. tow truck) Investigate cause and violationsInvestigate cause and violationsAmbulance:Ambulance: Evaluate patient conditionEvaluate patient condition Provide medical care – stabilize, packageProvide medical care – stabilize, package Remove patientRemove patient Transport patientTransport patientFire:Fire: IMSIMS Prevent/Control/Extinguish firesPrevent/Control/Extinguish fires ExtricationExtrication Assist medical personnelAssist medical personnel

Vehicle Vehicle RecognitionRecognition

Body on FrameBody on Frame

UnibodyUnibody

Body on FrameBody on Frame

UnibodyUnibody

Cast magnesium transverse beam behind the instrument panel.

Door hinges secured by thick through-bolts located in A- and B-pillars.

One-piece hydroformed body side rings.

Triple-rolled A-post design resists roof collapse.

Shock towers connected solidly to instrument panel.

Lateral tie bars that connect the front longitudinal rails were closed to stiffen the front structure and improve crashworthiness. Hydroformed engine cradle

( not shown )

UnibodyUnibody

Accident Accident Protection Protection SystemsSystems

Accident Protection Accident Protection SystemsSystems

Activation can be electrical, mechanical or Activation can be electrical, mechanical or pyrotechnicpyrotechnic

Supplemental Restraint Systems (SRS)Supplemental Restraint Systems (SRS) Side Impact Protection Systems (SIPS)Side Impact Protection Systems (SIPS) Head Protection Systems (HPS)Head Protection Systems (HPS) Seat belt pretensionersSeat belt pretensioners Knee bolstersKnee bolsters Side impact beamsSide impact beams Energy absorbing bumpersEnergy absorbing bumpers Rollover Protection Systems (ROPS) Rollover Protection Systems (ROPS)

AirbagsAirbags Steering WheelSteering Wheel DashDash SeatsSeats DoorsDoors KneesKnees A-Post/RoofA-Post/Roof Side Impact CurtainsSide Impact Curtains Head and Torso AirbagHead and Torso Airbag Head/Thorax AirbagHead/Thorax Airbag Intelligent AirbagsIntelligent Airbags

AirbagsAirbags

5-10-20 Rule5-10-20 Rule Side impact – 5” deployment zoneSide impact – 5” deployment zone Steering wheel – 10” deployment Steering wheel – 10” deployment

zonezone Dash – 20” deployment zoneDash – 20” deployment zone Capacitors – Designed to hold a Capacitors – Designed to hold a

charge up to 30 minutes for charge up to 30 minutes for secondary impactsecondary impact

Seatbelt PretensionersSeatbelt Pretensioners Located in B posts or on the buckle side Located in B posts or on the buckle side

of seatsof seats Designed to tighten or back wind seat Designed to tighten or back wind seat

belt during frontal collisionsbelt during frontal collisions Deployed only with the front airbagsDeployed only with the front airbagsSolution?Solution? Cut the seat belt early in the extricationCut the seat belt early in the extrication Disconnect the batteryDisconnect the battery Look before you cut!Look before you cut!

Seatbelt PretensionersSeatbelt Pretensioners

Initial Initial Operational Operational ProceduresProcedures

Size UpSize Up Starts from time of dispatch or earlier Starts from time of dispatch or earlier

(pre-plan)(pre-plan) Ongoing throughoutOngoing throughout

Types of Collisions:Types of Collisions: Head-onHead-on Rear-endRear-end T-boneT-bone RolloverRollover WaterWater

Size UpSize UpCaptains Arrival Report:Captains Arrival Report: Paint a picture for dispatch and other crewsPaint a picture for dispatch and other crews Be professional, concise and calmBe professional, concise and calm You are setting the tone of the callYou are setting the tone of the call Think before you speakThink before you speak

Should include:Should include: Incident locationIncident location Observations – # of vehicles/patientsObservations – # of vehicles/patients Additional resources requiredAdditional resources required Resources already on sceneResources already on scene Actions to be takenActions to be taken Incident commanderIncident commander

Intersection of Princess & Intersection of Princess & ChurchChurch

7456 CR-187456 CR-18

Highway #6 and CR-51Highway #6 and CR-51

Tim Hortons Parking lotTim Hortons Parking lot

Size UpSize Up Outer and inner Outer and inner

circle checks circle checks (mandatory)(mandatory)

Can be done quickly Can be done quickly if you work as a teamif you work as a team

Outer circle check Outer circle check firstfirst

Once safe, proceed Once safe, proceed with inner check of with inner check of each vehicle involvedeach vehicle involved

Hazards – Update Hazards – Update CaptainCaptain

Size UpSize Up

What are you looking for during the What are you looking for during the outer circle check?outer circle check?

Hazards – hydro, damage to structuresHazards – hydro, damage to structures Other vehiclesOther vehicles Patients thrown from vehicle – TICPatients thrown from vehicle – TIC

Firefighter looking after patient should Firefighter looking after patient should make verbal contact at this timemake verbal contact at this time

Size UpSize Up

What are you looking for during the What are you looking for during the inner circle checks?inner circle checks?

# of patients in or around vehicle# of patients in or around vehicle Severity of injuries/entrapmentsSeverity of injuries/entrapments Hazards – fire, fuel leaks, vehicle in Hazards – fire, fuel leaks, vehicle in

drive, keys in ignition, airbags drive, keys in ignition, airbags deployed, alternative fuel sourcesdeployed, alternative fuel sources

Rubber set windows??Rubber set windows??

StabilizationStabilization

Scene 1Scene 1stst

Vehicle 2Vehicle 2ndnd

Patient 3Patient 3rdrd


Stabilize Scene:Stabilize Scene: Charged hose lineCharged hose line Spills (Hazmat, fuel)Spills (Hazmat, fuel) Toxic gasesToxic gases ElectricalElectrical Traffic controlTraffic control Crowd controlCrowd control


Stabilize Vehicle:Stabilize Vehicle: Never test stability of vehicle!Never test stability of vehicle! CribbingCribbing ShoringShoring WinchesWinches Chains/Straps/RopesChains/Straps/Ropes Neutralize vehicle hazards (SRS)Neutralize vehicle hazards (SRS)


Stabilize Patient:Stabilize Patient: ABC’sABC’s First aidFirst aid Protect from Protect from operationsoperations, ,

environment, weatherenvironment, weather Monitor until EMS relievesMonitor until EMS relieves

Pneumatic Lifting BagsPneumatic Lifting Bags


Various shapes and Various shapes and sizessizes

High, medium and High, medium and low pressurelow pressure

Pneumatic Lifting BagsPneumatic Lifting Bags Plan operation before starting the workPlan operation before starting the work Be familiar with equipmentBe familiar with equipment Have an adequate air supply and sufficient cribbing Have an adequate air supply and sufficient cribbing

on hand before beginning operationson hand before beginning operations Position bags on or against a solid surfacePosition bags on or against a solid surface Never inflate bags against sharp objects – use Never inflate bags against sharp objects – use

protective matsprotective mats Never inflate bags fully unless they are under loadNever inflate bags fully unless they are under load Inflate bags slowly and monitor them continuously for Inflate bags slowly and monitor them continuously for

any shiftingany shifting Never work under a load supported only by lifting Never work under a load supported only by lifting

bagsbags Do not stand in front of pressurized bagsDo not stand in front of pressurized bags

Pneumatic Lifting BagsPneumatic Lifting Bags Shore up the load with enough cribbing to support Shore up the load with enough cribbing to support

the load in case of bag failurethe load in case of bag failure Interrupt the process frequently to increase Interrupt the process frequently to increase

cribbing – lift an inch, crib an inchcribbing – lift an inch, crib an inch Ensure that the top tier is solid when using box Ensure that the top tier is solid when using box

cribbingcribbing Avoid exposing bags to materials hotter than Avoid exposing bags to materials hotter than

220°F (104°C).220°F (104°C). Never stack more than two bags; centre the bags Never stack more than two bags; centre the bags

with smaller bag on top and inflate the bottom bag with smaller bag on top and inflate the bottom bag first (½ full), then inflate the top bag fully.first (½ full), then inflate the top bag fully.

Stacked bags can only lift the capacity of the Stacked bags can only lift the capacity of the lowest rated baglowest rated bag


Max Lifting Capacity:Max Lifting Capacity: Small – 20.8 US tons or 41600 lbsSmall – 20.8 US tons or 41600 lbs Large – 34.2 US tons or 68400 lbsLarge – 34.2 US tons or 68400 lbs

Full of water, Tanker 67 weighs 45600 Full of water, Tanker 67 weighs 45600 lbs. Is it safe to lift the tanker with lbs. Is it safe to lift the tanker with our high pressure air bags stacked?our high pressure air bags stacked?

Answer: No, call for additional rescue Answer: No, call for additional rescue and use two large bags.and use two large bags.

Vehicle Extrication Firefighter Curriculum: Component 2.

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