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VdG:ISME - July 20040 Vasco da Gama In Situ Mars Explorer.
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Transcript of VdG:ISME - July 20040 Vasco da Gama In Situ Mars Explorer.
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VdG:ISME - July 2004 1
Vasco da Gama
In Situ Mars Explorer
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VdG:ISME - July 2004 2
Scientific Goals
• Follow the Carbon– Methane, Other Organics– Possible association with water
• Link carbon and geological features to possible extant and extinct life
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VdG:ISME - July 2004 3
Roadmap
• Precursor Mission & Assumptions• Landing site discussion
– Scientific and Technical Justifications
• Rover concept• Payload package
– Bioscience and Geochemical Science
• Summary
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VdG:ISME - July 2004 4
Precursor mission
• Spaced-based remote sensing (in development)– Avoids terrestrial atmospheric extinction
– Spatially resolved measurements of atmospheric CH4 and photochemical products on Mars (Organics Origin Observatory)
• Fundamental assumption and problem definition– Precursor space-based mission has spatially resolved
methane gradients, focusing the search for carbon reservoirs in potential VdG:ISME landing sites
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VdG:ISME - July 2004 5
Landing Sites
• Equatorial Meridiani – Relatively near
Opportunity
• Hale Crater Gullies– 35o S, 324o E
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VdG:ISME - July 2004 6
Landing Sites
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Scientific Justification: Meridiani
• Atmospheric CH4 localization assumed– Interesting even if this is not assumed
• Nature of hydrogen detection?• Relatively warm• Surface sulfates, hematite co-localized
– Carbonates below these?
• Aqueous precipitates can preserve micro-fossils (Squyres 2004, Int’l School for Astrobiology)
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VdG:ISME - July 2004 8
Hale Crater Gullies
• Again, assumed CH4 (although very tentative “current-day” detections indicate equatorial presence)
• Possible water signatures (possible carbonates)
• Natural surface excavation
• Possible hydrothermal alteration
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VdG:ISME - July 2004 9
GulliesMalin and Edgett 2000
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VdG:ISME - July 2004 10
Technical Justification-Landing
• Landing error ellipse shrunk to 5km x 10km– Practical, uncomplicated, low-mass methods to
increase accuracy– Navigation telemetry from existing positions to
increase transverse accuracy– Closed-loop navigation system to respond to
sensed variations in atmospheric density (Squyres 2004, personal communication)
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Hale Landing
• Feasible– Smaller error
ellipse– Increased
rover range
Edgett et al. 2003
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VdG:ISME - July 2004 12
The Rovers
• Science payloads identical• Both have slope-climbing abilities• Powered by RTGs
– Eliminates low-latitude and nighttime operations as a hazard
– Heavier spacecraft, but increases operational parameters
• Digging scoop– depth 1m in regolith
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VdG:ISME - July 2004 13
Instrumentation
• Main body– Pancam copy, Mini mid IR TES (MMIRTES)– Raman analysis and multi-range sensing
package (up to 100m)– GCMS
• rock-crushing package
– Circular Dichroism Filter Set Spectrometer– 96 well culture plates, geared towards
autotrophic methanogens
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VdG:ISME - July 2004 14
Instrumentation
• Manipulator arm– Microscope with fluorescence capabilities– Raman Capabilities (via fibre optics)– Mössbauer– APXS with micron sized mapping– Sample manipulation
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Raman
Ellery & Wynn-Williams 2003
• Complements MMIRTES• Organics• Minerals
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VdG:ISME - July 2004 16
GCMS
NAP Signs of Life, Moldowan
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DAPI, (gradual sonication)
500uL media: Combinations of organic rich, organic poor, nitrates, and phosphates
H2/CO2 atmosphere shielded from martian surface radiation
Moveable 100x microscope
Light source (for microscopy)
Tiny Mars rock (~1mm)
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VdG:ISME - July 2004 18
Summary
• Precursor methane localization• Twin Rovers
– Meridiani & Hale Crater gullies
• Rovers– Climbing capabilities– Enhanced power – Enhanced instrument package (Raman, GCMS,
Fluorescence)
• Dual biological and geological payload