VCE PE

EXAM REVISION PART 1Monitoring and Promotion of

Physical Activity

KEY POINTS

• Point 1-4 of Revision Outline (benefits of PA)4 Guidelines of Physical Activity (Point 6)

Guideline

1 M 30 Min of Mod-intens PA on Most, pref all days of week.

2 O Movement as Opportunity, not inconvenience

3 E Be active Everyday in as many ways as possible

4 V Enjoy some Vigorous activity

Domains of Physical Activity Domains

Examples

Leisure-time physical activity Various types of activity; different surveys use generic or activity specific questions, and may ask details of activity frequency, duration and intensity.

Gardening and yard work Various definitions, of varied intensities; may range from light-intensity gardening to vigorous chores or digging/moving heavy objects.

Household chores Heterogeneous set of tasks; large gender differences; energy expenditure across tasks not well understood.

Active transport Walking or cycling for transportation.

Occupational physical activity Diverse occupations, with changes in energy expended in many occupations over recent decades.

Dimensions of the National Physical Activity Guidelines

Point 7

• F = frequency (how often)• I = intensity (amount of energy used)• D = duration (how long)• T = type (specific behaviours – what activity)

NPAG (Point 8-10)

Group Frequency Intensity Duration Type of Activity

Child & Youth

7 days Moderate to Vigorous

60 min+ Weight bearing / impact

Adult Minimum of 5 days

Moderate 30 min All types

Obese 7 Low-moderate

60 min Aerobic

p.6

Methods of Assessing PA levels

Objective Subjective

Rely on solid data or observationMeasure individuals

Measure PopulationsRely on our own perceptions

Heart Rate telemetry, Pedometer, Accelerometry, Observation (Tools below)

Self Report: Diary, LogRecall

BEACHES (behaviour of Eating Ativity for Children’s Health

SOFIT System for observing Fitness Instruction TimeSOPLAY: System for observing play and leisure activity in youth

Test Yourself

• Answer the following Multiple Choice Questions 1-8

• Answers: 1 B, 2 D, 3 A, 4 C, 5 D, 6 C, 7 D, 8 D

Promotion of Physical Activity

Factors Affecting Participation in PA ( Q 1)Gender: Females lessSocio economic StatusRaceGeographic LocationAge

Age and Gender

Barriers to ParticipationQ 4-7

Gender - Greater proportions of males participate in sport and physical activity than females. Females generally have less opportunity and less access to sporting activities. Socioeconomic Status – Well educated white collar workers are the most physically active Australians.

Income – People with higher incomes can participate in a wider variety of activities and more often.Race – People born in Australia are more active than those who were not. Race is often used as a form of discrimination, thus reducing participation. Geographic Location – Where you live can limit access to facilities and specific sports

Barriers to Participation

• Time• Motivation• Injury• Low Self Efficacy• Injury• Fun / Enjoyment

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Promotion of Physical Activity

Population based promotion•Policy•Environmental•Mass mediaPopulation approaches are designed to reach large segments of society or specific population groups.Population based information is often collected by VicHealth, National Heart Foundation and various universities.Information collected is used to establish government priorities and initiatives

Q 21

. Individual based promotion•Theoretical models of change•Print and web-based media•Counselling and screeningThese strategies are often based on theoretical models of individual behaviour change

Stages of Change (Also called the ‘transtheoretical model’)

Stage

1 Precontemplation •Not considering behavioural change•No intention of being more active within the next 6 months

2 Contemplation •Acknowledge that they need to become more active.• Weighing up the pros and cons of being more active.

3 Preparation •Seriously considering becoming more active •May exercise once or twice a week or several times a month

4 Action •Requires the largest effort, time and energy. • Attempting to follow National Physical Activity Guidelines. Relapse is common

5 Maintenance Regular PA is done. Plan of action needed to overcome barriers

6 Termination PA incorporated for over 5 years

•Processes of change can be grouped into two different categories: cognitive processes & behavioural processes. Table 2.2 pg 44.

• Individuals in early stages (Stages 1 or 2) focus on cognitive strategies eg increasing awareness and knowledge of the benefits of physical activity.  • Later Stages (Stages 3,4 and 5) might include behavioural strategies such as developing a reminder system an encouraging the use of rewards.

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Strategies for promoting PA

Behavioural and Cognitive Strategies

• Q 14 • Behavioural: Action and Doing• Cognitive: Attitudes and Thinking• Q 17• Self Efficacy: “Confidence in your ability to be active

and engage in healthy behaviours”.• Q19, 20• Relapse Moving Back a Stage. Usually at Action

Stage.

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Population-based Promotion Policy Strategies

POLICYLegislation – Formal, documented policies.Organisational policies – Bring about changes in

behaviour within a particular organisation. eg. SunSmart in sporting clubs and schools.eg. ‘Smoke Free’ venues such as workplaces and

sporting clubs.

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Population-Based Promotion Environmental Strategies

1. Tailoring – Changing physical environments to suit community needs. Eg. Walking track along Wimmera river promotes walking.

2. Removing impediments to activity – Take away reasons for people not to participate in PA eg. Design walking tracks away from major highways/roads.

3. Introducing new resources and facilities – eg. New sports grounds, age specific playgrounds.4. Support from other programs – eg. Reducing crime in an area will make people feel more safe to go for a walk.5. Opening Hours – Opening sporting venues before and after business hours.

                                                                        

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Mass Media Campaigns•Go for Your Life (VIC)

•Find 30 (WA)

•10,000 Steps (QLD)

•Smartplay (SA)

•Get Moving (National)

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A Settings Approach

Why are people less physically active?•Reliance on technology / motorised transport•More people living in urban environments•Changes in work practice / hours•Changes in leisure patterns due to work / education needs

Q 2,3

A setting is an area where the health message can be communicated.Examples include;•Family •Transport system •Healthcare•Workplace•Community•Schools Eg. Walking to school program•Multiple Settings

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School Program Examples

Program Web Page Origin Aim/s

Community use of ovals Vic Effective use of green space

‘Discovering the TurtleWay’

QLD Connecting paths and cycle-ways between townships

Fluorescent playground markings

UK More children playing in specific areas

Walking school bus www.walkingschoolbus.com

Vic Increase increase amount of PA and safety

‘TravelSmart’ www.travelsmart.gov.au

QLD, VIC, SA and WA

Sustainable travel arrangements

‘Active Primary School’ SCOT Increase PA at school and beyond

Case Study 3.1, 3.2 p.72-3 Laboratory 3.3 p.73

VCE Physical Education - Unit 3

Workplace Program ExamplesProgram Web Page Origin Aim/s

‘Heart Beat Challenge, Lets Get Moving and Stroll, Strut, Stride’

www.newhealth.govt.nz NZ Increase PA at work and health awareness

‘Walk in to Work Out’ http://www.dundee.ac.uk/sportexercise/events/2005/walkin.htm

UK Provides self-help information

‘Stairway to Health’ www.activelivingatwork.com CAN Increase use of stairs at work

‘Find 30 – its not a big exercise’

http://www.findthirty.com.au/ WA Recommendations for a healthier approach to PA in

the workforce

‘Health at Work’ http://www.shaw.uk.com/ SCOT Incentives for businesses which promote PA.

Health Promotion Strategies

• Q 7: Victorian Gov’t: Go for your life' is a Victorian Government initiative which aims to promote healthy eating and increase levels of physical activity

• Q 6 Active Script: aimed at increasing the number of Victorian General Practitioners who deliver timely and effective physical activity advice to their Patients

• Q8 Local Govt: Focussing on local communities, local gov’t is in the best position to disrtibute funds in the interests of community groups.

• Q9 Target Groups with State and National Gov’t: Young Australians (Aussie Sport), Senior Australians (Masters Sport), People with Disabilities (Willing and Able Program), Women in Sport (Active Girls Campaign), Indigenous (Koorie Sport Star Awards, Indigenous Mentoring Scheme), Ethnic Groups (Vic Ethnic Youth Dev’t Sport Program)

Questions

• Complete the Following Multiple Choice Questions: 9, then 1-8 (Strategies to promote PA)

• 9 C, • Strategies to Promote PA• 1 C, 2 B, 3 D, 4 D, 5 A, 6 D, 7 B, 8 D,

2009 Practice Exam

Answer short Answer Questions 1 & 2Answers• Question 1a: any two of following:• Increase public awareness of PA as a public health issue• Provide info of health benefits of PA• Provide info about non-health benefits (eg social)• Info re consequences of inactivity• Increase public interest in PA• Motivate people into PA

Quest 1BSet small achievable PA goals:• Goals to be written down. Goals specific,

achievable and realistic. Goals small and then build toward maintaining PA goals.

Be active with othersEnlist social support by organising someone to be

active with them. Having a friend or family member increases regular participation in PA

1CIndividual strategies are designed to increase PA

with individuals. Eg A Personal Trainer working with a client.

Population strategies are designed to reach large numbers of people at a time. Eg. A TV commercial

• 1D10 minutes is more achievable and 10 minutes is

the minimum requirement to bring about health benefits.