VBCOA 2014 Conference - The Stuctures Group - Special Inspections

SPECIAL INSPECTIONSA Practical Guide

April 3, 2014

Presented by : Michael A. Matthews, P.E.

2014 VBCOA Joint Conference

Special Inspections

• INTRODUCTION

• BACKGROUND

• PURPOSE AND GOALS

• RECENT CHANGES IN BUILDING CODES

• RESPONSIBILITIES IN THE SPECIAL INSPECTION PROCESS

• END RESULT

Table of Contents

WHAT IS AND WHY IS THERE A SPECIAL INSPECTION PROCESS?

Special Inspections

Versailles Wedding HallJerusalem, Israel

Hyatt Regency WalkwayKansas City, Missouri

2012 IBC Chapter 2 Definitions:SPECIAL INSPECTION. Inspection of construction requiring the

expertise of an approved special inspector in order to ensure compliance with this code and the approved construction documents.

2009 IBC Section 1702 Definitions:Special Inspection is the inspection of the materials, installation,

fabrication, erection or placement of components and connections requiring special expertise to ensure compliance with approved construction documents and referenced standards.

Special Inspections

• Since the 1988 Supplement to the 1987 Edition of the BOCA National Codes, Special Inspections have been part of the building code. Special Inspection requirements have addressed three specific areas in the construction process:

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1. Adequacy of Materials

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2. Adequacy of Fabrication

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2. Adequacy of Fabrication

3. Adequacy of Installation Techniques

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Numerous structural failures occurred during the late 70’s and early 1980’s, for example:

Skyline Plaza Fairfax County, VA

Collapse of a 26 story reinforced concrete residential tower

Rosemont Horizon ArenaIllinois

Glued laminated timber roof arches spanning 288 feet collapsed

The 1970’s

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Highway Ramp CollapseEast Chicago, Indiana

Temporary false work collapsed during construction.

Harbour Cay CondominiumCocoa Beach, FL

A five (5) story, cast-in-place reinforced concrete building collapsed due to design and construction deficiencies

Numerous structural failures occurred during the late 70’s and early 80’s, for example:

The 1980’s

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In 1982 the U.S. House of Representatives Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight, chaired by Albert Gore, Jr., held investigative hearings regarding these structural failures.

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The Subcommittee identified over twenty contributing factors, with two of the most critical being:

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•The need for improved organization on construction projects and better communication between participants.

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•The need for improved organization on construction projects and better communication between participants.

• The need for construction inspection by the Structural Engineer of Record (SER) during the construction of principal structural components.

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The Subcommittee recommended:

“Professional organizations, such as the Building Officials and Code Administrators International (BOCA), the International Conference and Building Officials (ICBO), and the Southern Building Code Conference International (SBCCI), should make every effort to ensure that provisions are written into the building codes and adopted in public forum which make the on-site presence of the structural engineer mandatory during the construction of structural components on public facilities.”

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Model code organizations and Building Officials have attempted to address structural failures by enacting and enforcing Special Inspection provisions since the 1988 Supplement to the 1987 Edition of The BOCA National Building Code.

• All forty-eight (48) states within the United States have adopted and/or amended the IBC.

• Chapter 17 of the IBC currently mandates the

Special Inspection requirements.

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However, the Special Inspection process and the role of the Structural Engineer of Record have been topics of controversy and confusion in recent years.

• Many national engineering organizations, such as the ACEC and the Virginia Structural Engineers Council, as well as CASE, agree with the Subcommittee’s recommendations and believe strongly that the Structural Engineer of Record or his agent should serve as the Special Inspector whenever possible and practical.

• Likewise, it seems the congressional committee reached the same conclusions.

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The simplicity of it’s Purpose and Goal:

•The goal of the Special Inspections process is to enhance public safety through improved quality of construction.

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•Quality of construction must be the mission of both the design team and the construction team.

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•Quality of construction must be the mission of both the design team and the construction team.

•Therefore, communication between all parties is paramount.

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Special Inspections involve the fabrication, installation, and protection of the structural components of buildings.

• It is not a substitute for required municipality Building Official inspections.

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• It is also not a substitute for the construction administration or application for payment inspections.

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• It is also not a substitute for the construction administration or application for payment inspections.

• It is not a substitute for the General Contractor internal safety, QA, and QC programs.

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How is the Special Inspection process different from previous construction industry standard construction inspection requirements?

• The required special inspections shall be delineated in the construction documents

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• A Statement of Special Inspections and Schedule of Special Inspections must be prepared and approved by the RDP.

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• The building permit applicant shall submit a Statement of Special Inspections as a condition for building permit issuance.

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• The Special Inspectors shall keep records of all inspections and furnish reports to the Building Official, Owner, General Contractor, Prime Design Professional, and SER.

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• The Special Inspectors shall keep records of all inspections and furnish reports to the Building Official, Owner, General Contractor, Prime Design Professional, and SER.

• A Final Report of Special Inspections documenting their completion shall be submitted prior to the issuance of a Certificate of Occupancy by the Building Official.

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The 2012 Virginia Uniform Statewide Building Code adopts and amends the 2012 International Building Code. The following sections of Chapter 17 Structural Tests & Special Inspections have been amended by the 2012 VUSBC.

Chapter 1: Administration•Section 103.10•Section 111.2

Chapter 2: Definitions•Special Inspections

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The 2012 Virginia Uniform Statewide Building Code adopts and amends the 2012 International Building Code. The following sections of Chapter 17 Structural Tests & Special Inspections have been amended by the 2012 VUSBC.

Chapter 17: Special Inspections and Test•Section 1703.1•Section 1703.1.1•Section 1703.1.3•Section 1704.2•Section 1704.4.2.3•Table 1705.3

Chapter 35: Referenced Standards•ASTM E329-02

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2012 VUSBCSection 103.10 Use of certain provisions of referenced codes. The following provisions of the IBC and of other indicated codes or standards are to be considered valid provisions of this code. Where any such provisions have been modified by the state amendments to the IBC, then the modified provisions apply.

1.Special inspection requirements in Chapter 2 -352.Chapter 34, Existing Structures, except that Section 3412, Compliance Alternatives, shall not be used to comply with the retrofit requirements identified in Section 103.7 and shall not be construed to permit noncompliance with any applicable flood load or flood-resistant construction requirements of this code.3.Testing requirements and requirements for the submittal of construction documents in any of the ICC codes referenced in Chapter 35 of the IRC.

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2012 VUSBC

Section 111.2 Special inspection requirements. Special inspection shall be conducted when required by Section 1704. Individuals or agencies, or both, conducting special inspections shall meet the qualification requirements of Section 1703 and 1704.2.1. The permit applicant shall submit a completed statement of special inspections with the permit application. The building official shall review, and if satisfied that the requirements have been met, approve the statement of special inspections as required in Sections 1704.2.3 and 1705 as a requisite to the issuance of a building permit. The building official may require interim inspection reports. The building official shall receive, and if satisfied that the requirements have been met, approve a final report of special inspections as specified in Section 1704.2.4. All fees and costs related to the special inspections shall be the responsibility of the building owner.

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2012 IBC1703.1 Approved Agency. An approved agency shall provide all information as necessary for the building official to determine that the agency meets the applicable requirements.

2012 VUSBC1703.1 Approved Agency. An approved agency responsible for laboratory testing or special inspections, or both, must comply with the qualification certification, and experience requirements of ASTM E329 or the alternatives listed herein.

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2012 IBC1703.1.1 Independence. An approved agency shall be objective, competent and independent from the contractor responsible for the work being inspected. The agency shall also disclose possible conflicts of interest so that objectivity can be confirmed.

2012 VUSBC1703.1.1 Independence. An approved agency shall be objective and competent. The agency shall also disclose possible conflicts of interest so that objectivity can be confirmed. The special inspector and their agents shall be independent from the person, persons or contractor responsible for the physical construction of the project requiring special inspections.

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2012 IBC

1703.1.3 Personnel. An approved agency shall employ experienced personnel educated in conducting, supervising and evaluating tests and/or inspections.

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2012 VUSBC

1703.1.3 Personnel. An approved agency shall employ experienced personnel educated in conducting, supervising and evaluating test or inspections, or both. Upon request by the building official, documentation shall be provided demonstrating the applicable agency’s accreditation as noted in ASTM E329 and individuals’ resumes indicating pertinent training, certifications and other qualifications for special inspection personnel associated with the proposed construction requiring special inspections. The building official may prescribe the manner of qualification documentation and frequency of updating information regarding agency or individual inspector approval.

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2012 VUSBC

1703.1.3 Personnel. (Continued)

Firms providing special inspection services or individual inspectors seeking approval of alternative certifications or qualifications, or both, listed in ASTM E329 may submit documentation demonstrating equivalency. This documentation may include evidence of meeting other recognized standards or alternative certifications to demonstrate that the minimum qualifications, certification and experience intended by ASTM E329 have been met. The building official may, if satisfied that equivalency has been demonstrated, approve the credentials of the firm or individual.

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2012 IBC1704.2. Special Inspections. Where application is made for construction as described in this section, the owner or the registered design professional in responsible charge acting as the owner’s agent shall employ one or more approved agencies to provide inspections during construction on the types of work listed under Section 1705. These inspections are in addition to the inspections identified in Section 110.

Exceptions:1.Special inspections are not required for construction of a minor nature or as warranted by conditions in the jurisdiction as approved by the building official.2.Unless otherwise required by the building official, special inspections are not required for Group U occupancies that are accessory to a residential occupancy including, but not limited to, those listed in Section 3. Special inspections are not required for portions of structures designed and constructed in accordance with the cold-formed steel light-frame construction provisions of Section 2211.7 of the conventional light-frame construction provisions of Section 2308.

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2012 IBC

1704.2. Special Inspections. Where application is made for construction as described in this section, the owner or the registered design professional in responsible charge acting as the owner’s agent shall employ one or more approved agencies to provide inspections during construction on the types of work listed under Section 1705. These inspections are in addition to the inspections identified in Section 110.

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2012 VUSBC1704.2. Special Inspections. (Continued)

Exceptions:1.Special inspections are not required for work of a minor nature or as warranted by conditions in the jurisdiction as approved by the building official.2.Special inspections are not required for building components unless the design involves the practice of professional engineering or architecture as defined by the laws of this Commonwealth and regulations governing the professional registration and certification of engineers and architects.3.Unless otherwise required by the building official, special inspections are not required for occupancies in Groups R-3, R-4, or R-5 and occupancies in Group U that are accessory to a residential occupancy including, but not limited to, those listed in Section 312.1.

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2012 IBC1704.2.3 Statement of Special Inspections. The applicant shall submit s statement of special inspections in accordance with Section 107.1 as a condition for permit issuance. This statement shall be in accordance with Section 1704.3.

Exceptions:

A statement of special inspections is not required for portions of structures designed and constructed in accordance with the cold-formed steel light frame construction provisions of Section 2211.7 or the conventional light-frame construction provisions of Section 2308.

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2012 VUSBC1704.2.3 Statement of Special Inspections. The applicant shall submit a statement of special inspections prepared by the RDP in responsible charge in accordance with Section 111.1. This statement shall be in accordance with Section 1704.3.

Exceptions:1.A statement of special inspections is not required for structures designed and constructed in accordance with the conventional construction provisions of Section 2308.2.The statement of special inspections is permitted to be prepared by a qualified person approved by the building official for construction not designed by a registered deign professional.

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Verification and Inspection Continuous Periodic Referenced Standard

IBC Reference

Inspect formwork for shape, location and dimensions of the concrete member being formed.

_ X ACI 318: 6.1.1 _

Verification and Inspection Continuous Periodic Referenced Standard

IBC Reference

Inspect formwork for shape, location and dimensions of the concrete member being formed, shoring and reshoring

_ XACI 318:

6.1.1_

2012 IBC Table 1705.3

2012 VUSBC Table 1705.3

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Standard Reference Section

Title Referenced in Code Section

ASTM E329-02Standard Specification for Agencies Engaged in the Testing and/or Inspection of Materials Used in Construction

1703.1, 1703.1.3

2012 VUSBC Chapter 35

Responsibilities of the parties involved in Special Inspections:

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• Structural Engineer of Record

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• Building Code Official

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• Owner

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• Owner

• Special Inspector, Agent 1

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The end result of the simplicity of Special Inspections:

The pro-active nature of the Special Inspection process provides a valuable quality assurance plan, which benefits all parties involved in the construction project.

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Remember there was a reason to start this process and this reason was substantiated by the Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight in 1982. However, let us not forget that when short cuts are taken in the interest of economics:

“The elements of poor construction and design will remain; long after the sweetness of cheapness is gone”

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Special InspectionsDiscussion of the Schedule of Special

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Numerous municipalities and counties throughout the Commonwealth of Virginia have created:

•Guidelines for Special Inspections


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•Statement of Special Inspections


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•Schedule of Special Inspections


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•Schedule of Special Inspections

•Final Statement of Special Inspections

Pre-Construction Conference


Inspections continued

Deep Foundation Elements



Concrete



Pre-cast Concrete



Masonry



Structural Steel



Wood



VBCOA 2014 Conference - The Stuctures Group - Special Inspections

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