Variables
Transcript of Variables
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The Language of ‘Variables’
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The Language of ‘Variables’The Language of ‘Variables’
Variable: Any observation that can take different values
Attribute: A specific value on a variable
The Nature of Research
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The Language of ‘Variables’The Language of ‘Variables’
Variable: Sex or gender
Attribute: Female; male
The Nature of Research
Example
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The Language of ‘Variables’The Language of ‘Variables’
Variable: Agreement
Attribute: 1 = strongly disagree2 = disagree3 = neutral4 = agree5 = strongly agree
The Nature of Research
Example
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Types of VariablesTypes of Variables
Leads to or causes something else
Is affected by other variable(s)
Independent:
Dependent:
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Types of VariablesTypes of Variables
Academic achievement
IndependentIndependent DependentDependent
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Types of VariablesTypes of Variables
Family structure
Academic achievement
IndependentIndependent DependentDependent
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Types of VariablesTypes of Variables
Family structure
Economic statusAcademic
achievement
IndependentIndependent DependentDependent
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Types of VariablesTypes of Variables
Family structure
Economic status
Schooling
Academic achievement
IndependentIndependent DependentDependent
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Types of VariablesTypes of Variables
Family structure
Economic status
Schooling
Special tutoring
Academic achievement
IndependentIndependent DependentDependent
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Types of VariablesTypes of Variables
Family structure
Economic status
Schooling
Special tutoring
Academic achievement
IndependentIndependent DependentDependent
Notmanipulable
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Types of VariablesTypes of Variables
Family structure
Economic status
Schooling
Special tutoring
Academic achievement
IndependentIndependent DependentDependent
Manipulable
Notmanipulable
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Operational DefinitionOperational Definition
Theory or idea
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Operational DefinitionOperational Definition
Theory or idea
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Operational DefinitionOperational Definition
Theory or idea
Reality
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Operational DefinitionOperational Definition
Theory or idea
Reality
Self-esteem
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Operational DefinitionOperational Definition
Theory or idea
Reality
Self-esteem
I feel good about myself...
1 2 3 4 5SD D N A SA
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Operational DefinitionOperational Definition
Theory or idea
Reality
Operational definition
Self-esteem
I feel good about myself...
1 2 3 4 5SD D N A SA
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ConstructsConstructs
Self-esteem
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ConstructsConstructs
Self-esteem
Operationaldefinition
Operationaldefinition
Operationaldefinition
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ConstructsConstructs
Self-esteem
Operationaldefinition
Operationaldefinition
Operationaldefinition
Indicators
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ConstructsConstructs
Self-esteem
Operationaldefinition
Operationaldefinition
Operationaldefinition
Each indicator is
a fallible reflection of
the construct.
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