Values formation and you
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Transcript of Values formation and you
VALUES FORMATION AND
YOU
“Education in values means the cultivation of effectivity, leading the educand through exposure to an experience of value and of the valuable.”— R. Aquino
TO BE MORAL IS TO BE HUMAN. LIVING BY THE RIGHT VALUES HUMANIZES.
IS THERE SUCH THING AS RIGHT, UNCHANGING AND UNIVERSAL VALUE?
IDEALIST POINT OF VIEW
THERE ARE UNCHANGING AND UNIVERSAL VALUES
TRANSCENDENT VALUES— BEYOND CHANGING TIMES, BEYOND SPACE AND PEOPLE
THEY REMAIN VALUE EVEN IF NO ONE VALUES THEM.
RELATIVIST POINT OF VIEW
THERE ARE NO UNIVERSAL AND UNCHANGING VALUES.
VALUES ARE DEPENDENT ON TIME AND PLACE.
VALUES ARE TAUGHT AND CAUGHT
THE LIVING EXAMPLES OF GOOD MEN AND WOMEN AT HOME, SCHOOL AND SOCIETY HAVE FAR GREATER INFLUENCE ON OUR VALUE FORMATION THAN THOSE WELL-PREPARED LECTURES ON VALUES EXCELLENTLY DELIVERED BY EXPERTS WHO MAY SOUND LIKE “EMPTY GONGS AND CLANGING CYMBALS”
VALUES HAVE COGNITIVE,
AFFECTIVE, AND
BEHAVIOURAL DIMENSION
WE MUST UNDERSTAND THE VALUE THAT WE WANT TO ACQUIRE.
WE NEED TO KNOW WHY WE HAVE TO VALUE SUCH.
WE NEED TO KNOW HOW TO LIVE BY THAT VALUE.
VALUES ARE IN THE AFFECTIVE DOMAIN OF OBJECTIVES
“IT IS NOT ENOUGH TO KNOW WHAT HONESTY IS OR WHY
ONE SHOULD BE HONEST. ONE HAS TO FEEL
SOMETHING TOWARDS HONESTY, AS PREFERABLE TO
DISHONESTY.”-AQUINO (1990)
VALUES HAVE A BEHAVIOURAL DIMENSION.
LIVING BY THE VALUES IS THE TRUE ACID TEST IF WE REALLY VALUE A VALUE.
VALUE FORMATION INCLUDES FORMATION IN THE COGNITIVE,
AFFECTIVE AND
BEHAVIOURAL ASPECT
VALUES ARE CAUGHT. HELP YOURSELF BY READING THE BIOGRAPHIES OF HEROES, GREAT TEACHERS AND SAINTS, AND OTHER INSPIRATIONAL BOOKS.
EXAMPLE: DESIDERATA “AVOID LOUD AND AGGRESSIVE PERSONS; THEY ARE VEXATIONS TO THE SPIRIT.”
VALUE FORMATION IS A TRAINING OF THE INTELLECT AND WILL
INTELLECT— DISCERNS A VALUE AND PRESENT IT TO THE WILL AS A RIGHT OR WRONG VALUE.
WILLS TO ACT ON THE RIGHT VALUE AND WILLS
TO AVOID THE WRONG VALUE PRESENTED BY THE
INTELLECT—WILL
ST. THOMAS AQUINAS:
“THE INTELLECT PROPOSES
AND THE WILL DISPOSES.”
“NOTHING IS WILLED UNLESS IT IS FIRST KNOWN.”
DEVELOP YOUR INTELLECT IN ITS THREE FUNCTIONS: FORMATION OF IDEAS, JUDGMENT
AND REASONING.
HOW CAN YOUR WILL BE TRAINED TO DESIRE STRONGLY THE DESIRABLE AND ACT ON IT?
WILLIAM KELLY:“TRAINING OF THE WILL MUST BE ESSENTIALLY SELF-TRAINING.”
“THE HABIT OF
YIELDING TO IMPULSE RESULTS IN
THE ENFEEBLEMENT
OF SELF-CONTROL.”
“HABITUAL YIELDING TO ANY
VICE, WHILE IT DOES NOT LESSEN MAN’S RESPONSIBILITY, DOES
DIMINISH HIS ABILITY TO
RESIST TEMPTATION.”
“LIKEWISE, THE MORE FREQUENTLY MAN RESTRAINS IMPULSE… PERSISTS AGAINST TEMPTATION… THE MORE DOES HE INCREASE HIS SELF-CONTROL.
, AND THEREFORE,
HIS FREEDOM.”
“TO HAVE A STRONG WILL MEANS TO HAVE
CONTROL OF THE WILL, TO BE ABLE TO DIRECT IT DESPITE ALL CONTRARY IMPULSES.”
VIRTUOUS VERSUS VICIOUS LIFE
AND THEIR EFFECT ON THE WILL
MAX SCHELER’S HIERARCHY OF VALUES
PLEASUREVALUES– PLEASANT VS.
UNPLEASANT– AGREEABLE VS. DISAGREEABLE
• SENSUAL FEELINGS
• EXPERIENCES OF PLEASURE AND PAIN
VITALVALUES
– VALUES PERTAINING TO THE WELL BEING EITHER OF THE INDIVIDUAL OR OF THE COMMUNITY– VALUES OF VITAL FEELING
• HEALTH
• VITALITY
• CAPABILITY
• EXCELLENCE
SPIRITUALVALUES
– VALUES INDEPENDENT OF THE WHOLE SPHERE OF THE BODY AND OF THE ENVIRONMENT;– GRASPED IN THE SPIRITUAL ACT OF PREFERRING, LOVING AND HATING
• AESTHETIC VALUES
• RIGHT/WRONG
• VALUES OF PURE KNOWLEDGE
VALUES OF THE HOLY – APPEAR ONLY IN
REGARD TO OBJECTS INTENTIONALLY GIVEN AS “ABSOLUTE OBJECTS”
• BELIEF• ADORA
TION• BLISS
VALUES CLARIFICATION
THE TERM VALUE IS RESERVED FOR THOSE INDIVIDUAL BELIEFS, ATTITUDES, AND ACTIVITIES THAT SATISFY THE FOLLOWING CRITERIA:
1.FREELY CHOSEN
2. CHOSEN FROM AMONG ALTERNATIVES
3. CHOSEN FROM DUE REFLECTION
4. PRIZED AND CHERISHED
5. PUBLICLY AFFIRMED
6. INCORPORATED INTO ACTUAL BEHAVIOR
7. ACTED UPON REPEATEDLY IN ONE’S LIFE