Value of swine manure to grow finish operations

2015 Wisconsin Pork Expo

Jerry May, MSU Extension Educatormayg@msu.edu

When managed tofully utilize its cropnutrients, manure hasbecome an important crop production input

Photo courtesy Farm Industry News

Value of manure per 1,000 hd.

• 384,000 gal. accumulated annually• Modest use of nutrients –

Net Value = $3,237/yr.• Efficient use of nutrients –

Net value = $6,628/yr.

What is manure worth?

Manure’s nutrient value

Crop nutrient N1 P2O51 K2O

1

Manure analysis2 48# 19# 24#

NH4 – N 35#

Mineralization of organic N3 4#

Crop nutrients 39# 19# 24#

1Per 1,000 gallons2Swine finishing manure with phytase included in the diet3Approximately 33% of organic N in liquid swine manure will mineralize in the first crop year

What is manure worth?

Manure’s nutrient value

Crop nutrient N1 P2O51 K2O

1

Crop nutrients 39# 19# 24#

Nutrient value per lbs.2 $0.58 $0.45 $0.38

Value of manure $ $22.62 $8.55 $9.12

Manure value: $40.29 per 1,000 gallons 1Per 1,000 gallons2Early 2015 prices in Central MI for 28% N, 11-52-0 and 0-0-62

N losses

Nitrogen loss based on application method1

Application Method%

N lostLbs.

N lost2

Broadcast liquid manure 10 – 25 3.9 – 9.8

with immediate incorporation 1 – 5 0.4 – 2.0

Injection during application 0 – 2 0.0 – 0.81In first four days following manure application2Based on the example manure sample/1,000 gal.

TimingCorn yields for three treatments in 2010 and 20111

Treatment (avg. of 9 trials) Months Yield2

Early manure September 190a

Late manure Oct. & Nov. 200b

Late urea Nov. or April 205b

1Swine Manure Application Timing: Results of Experiments in Southern Minnesota, J. A. Hernandez, et al.2Values with different letters indicate significant difference (P<0.05)

Corn yields were 10 -13 bushels lower for fall applied N when compared to spring applied N3

3Nitrogen Application Timing, Forms, and Additives, A literature review by G. Randall and J. Sawyer

Crop Phosphorus Requirement

Soil test level

Critical level

Maintenance limit

Maintenance range

Buildup range

Drawdown range

Nu

trie

nt

reco

mm

en

dat

ion

s lb

s./a

cre

P recommendations for crops1,2

Crop CL ML DDL

Corn 15 15 10

Wheat 25 15 10

Soybeans 15 15 10

Alfalfa 25 15 10

Dry beans 15 25 30

1MSU Nutrient Recommendations for Field Crops, Extension Bulletin E29042ppm

No additional yield response from additional P after soils reach40 ppm (80#/acre)

Crop Phosphorus Requirement• Wisconsin 590 standard:

• Phosphorus applications from all sources:• Soil P levels < 50 ppm

– Meet N needs of following crop or 1st year N uptake of legumes• Soil P levels between 50 ppm and 100 ppm

– Phosphorus applications may not exceed P uptake during the crop rotation – maximum rotation: 8 years

• Soil P levels > 100 ppm– Eliminate P applications if possible

• Wisconsin standards closely match MSU’s Drawdown Limit requirement for crops

Crop nutrient requirement

• Value of manure is partially determined by soil nutrient levels and crop requirement• P2O5 in manure has no value if applied to fields with P

levels > 50 ppm• Soybeans have inconsistent response to additional N,

including manure

Manure applied at agronomic rate for N 180 bu. corn Manure analysis: 39 – 19 – 24 Injected Soil test < 50 ppm P

Gallons/acreValue of N($0.58/lbs.)

Value of P2O5

($0.45/lbs.)Value of K2O($0.38/lbs.)

4,600 Gallons 180#1 87#2 110#

Nutrient value $104.40 $39.15 $41.80

Value per acre - $185.3511Nitrogen recommendations for field crops, online: Nitrogen recommendations for field crops, online: www.css.msu.edu/Extension.cfm, Warnek, D., 2009,, Warnek, D., 2009,

2Less than rotational needs of corn/soy rotation

Manure applied to fields for corn

Manure applied at agronomic rate for N 180 bu. corn Manure analysis: 39 – 19 – 24 Injected Soil test > 50 ppm P

Gallons/acreValue of N($0.58/lbs.)

Value of P2O5

($0.45/lbs.)Value of K2O($0.38/lbs.)

4,600 Gallons 180#1 87#2 110#

Nutrient value $104.40 No value $41.80

Value per acre - $146.20 ($39.15 difference)11Nitrogen recommendations for field crops, online: Nitrogen recommendations for field crops, online: www.css.msu.edu/Extension.cfm, Warnek, D., 2009,, Warnek, D., 2009,

2Less than rotational needs of corn/soy rotation

Manure applied to fields for corn

Application costs

• Cost to apply liquid manure in central MI• 1.5 miles = $0.012/gallon1

• 2.5 miles = $0.015/gallon2

• 5.0 miles = $0.019/gallon2

1Personnal communication central MI custom applicator2Productivity and Economics of Nurse Trucks for Manure Transport, T. Harrigan, 2009

Summary: Manure value based on crop and application distance from storage

Crop Soil P Gal/ac Value MilesCost

$/acreNet value

$/acre

Corn < 50 ppm 4,600 $185.35 ½ $55.20 $130.15

Corn > 50 ppm 4,600 146.20 ½ 91.00

Corn < 50 ppm 4,600 185.35 2.5 69.00 116.35

Corn > 50 ppm 4,600 146.20 2.5 77.20

Corn < 50 ppm 4,600 185.35

5 87.40 97.95

Corn > 50 ppm 4,600 146.20 5 58.80

Summary: Manure value based on crop and application distance from storage

Crop Soil P Gal/ac Value MilesCost

$/acreNet value

$/acre

Corn < 50 ppm 4,600 $185.35 ½ $55.20 $130.15

Corn > 50 ppm 4,600 146.20 ½ 91.00

Soys1 < 50 ppm 4,500 80.95 ½ 54.00 26.95

Corn < 50 ppm 4,600 185.35 2.5 69.00 116.35

Corn > 50 ppm 4,600 146.20 2.5 77.20

Soys1 < 50 ppm 4,500 80.95 2.5 67.50 13.45

Corn < 50 ppm 4,600 185.35

5 87.40 97.95

Corn > 50 ppm 4,600 146.20 5 58.80

Soys1 < 50 ppm 4,500 80.95 5 85.50 (-4.55)

13.8 lbs N utilized/bu x 50 bu = 175 lbs N ÷ 39lbs N/1,000 gal = 4,500 gal

Value of manure per 1,000 hd.

• 384,000 gal. accumulated annually• Modest use of nutrients –

• 50% of N, 100% K2O, applied to field over 50 ppm P

• Low application costs: $0.012 per gallon

Net Value = $3,237/yr.• Efficient use of nutrients –

• 90% of all nutrients• High application costs: $0.019 per gallon

Net value = $6,628/yr.

Sidedressing corn with swine manure

• Farmer has purchase manure spreader set up to sidedress corn planted in 30” rows

• Using GPS and automatic guidance• He suggested we compare

• Commercial N• Spring applied manure• Sidedress manure• Manure with 90 lbs commercial N per acre

Results

Comparison of commercial N and sidedress swine manure1

Item CN + SM SM CN SM Zero NTotal N2,3 272 182 178 182 37Population 33,783 31,363 32,912 31,750 30,298Yield 4 196a 183a 191a 190a 128b

N use efficiency5 40 56 60 591Planted May 28, 20142Lbs. per acre3Manure N calculated using analysis of sample collected during application and application rate. P and K were equal across all treatments4Yields with different subscripts are significantly different 5Lbs. yield/1 lbs. N

Compaction

Interpreting penetrometer results1

% of sites exceeding 300 lbs. Compaction rating Sub-soiling recommended <30 Little - none no30 - 50 Slight no50 - 75 Moderate yes>75 Severe yes

Percent of penetrometer readings exceeding 300 lbs.CN + SM SM CN SM Zero N

73 40 80 46 60

1Duiker, S. W., Diagnosing soil compaction using a soil penetrometer, Penn State Univ. Agronomy Facts 63

Compaction’s impact on yield1

• Compared three treatments at eight locations in four Wisconsin Counties: Manure, Compaction & Farmer check

• One pass with a manure spreader (Compaction and Manure) did not significantly impact yield when compared to Farmer check

Manure= 193 bu/ac, Farmer check= 187 bu/ac, Compaction= 189 bu/ac• Manure did not ameliorate any negative effects of

compaction

1Manure Spreading and its Effects on Soil Compaction and Crop Yield, 2005, G. Sanford et al.

N-Serve• University of Minnesota 15 year study1 compared:

Fall anhydrous ammonia

Fall anhydrous ammonia with N serve

Spring anhydrous ammonia

Authors reported a yield advantage for Fall N with N-Serve over Fall N in 7 out of 15 years

Years with an positive response were associated with a warm November and/or warm, wet April, May and June

1G. Randall, Fall and spring applications of AA and N-serve, 2001, Waseca Outreach Center 2Bushels per acre averaged over 15 years

Comparison of nitrogen timing with and without N-Serve2

Fall AA Fall AA with N-Serve Spring AA

144.5 152.9 155.5

Iowa On-farm Evaluation Trials1

• 2009 and 2010 trials using farmer’s GPS equipment• 11 sites in 2009 and15 sites in 2010

• Compared liquid swine manure applied in late fall• Swine manure• Swine manure with nitrification inhibitor (Instinct)

• Manure was applied in early Nov. to early Dec.• Most fields received manure last 2 weeks of Nov.

1Probability of yield response nitrification inhibitor used with liquid swine manure on corn, 2013, P Kyveryga and T. Blackmer

Iowa On-farm evaluation trial results

• No difference in yield in 2009

• In 2010 there was a 50% probability of a yield response to nitrification inhibitor

• Iowa experienced excessive rains in April and May 2010

1Probability of yield response nitrification inhibitor used with liquid swine manure on corn, 2013, P Kyveryga and T. Blackmer

Conclusion• Manure adds value to swine grow/finish operations• Timing is everything (4Rs: rate, source, location,

timing)• Improves retention of nutrients in the rootzone• Reduces soil compaction

• Nitrification inhibitors improve N retention from fall applied swine manure in years with excessive precipitation the follow spring

• Univ. of Minn. resources for calculating value:http://faculty.apec.umn.edu/wlazarus/interests_manureworth.html

Questions