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VIRGINIA STAT VALOR, SERVI

CRIMINAL JUSTICE INFORMATION SERVICES

Overview of Firearms Transactions & Gun Violence in Virginia



State Police Role in the Regulatio of Firearms in Virginia

Including the process for purchasing a firearm and issuance of a concealed handgun permit

2



Firearms Transaction Center Scope

• Instant Background Checks for firearms purchase transactions• Issuance of firearms seller identifications and registration of

firearms dealers• Referral of illegal attempts to purchase for investigation by

Troopers• Issuance of Nonresident Concealed Handgun Permits• Entry of Resident Concealed Handgun Permits into VCIN

• These permits are issued by the Circuit Court Clerks• Registration of machine guns within 24 hours of acquisition

3



Firearms Purchase Background Checks

• The Firearms Transaction Center provides for a timely, point-of-sale decision regarding the sale or transfer of firearms based upon the results of a criminal history record information (CHRI) check concerning the prospective purchaser.

• Established in 1989, this program was the first of its type in the nation. • Accessible to Virginia’s firearms dealers via the internet and a 1-800 line.

• available between 8am and 10pm, seven days a week, except December 25. • Currently 95% of all transactions are handled through our web portal (“Vcheck”).

4



Firearm Purchases

432,387479,253

405,838444,627

505,722 487,846446,333

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

5 Source: FTC



Types Of Firearms Purchased

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

2016 (526,620) 2017 (521,955) 2018 (473,425)Pistols 254,976 256,324 222,901Revolvers 43,121 42,914 38,069Shotguns 56,347 60,647 54,096Rifles 172,176 153,492 127,301Other 8,578 31,058

PistolsRevolversShotgunsRiflesOther

6 Source: FTC



Licensed Dealers

• Virginia dealers must first obtain a Federal Firearms License (FFL) from ATF.

• A fingerprint background check is completed by ATF and they are issued an FFL number.

• Once registered with ATF they may then register with the Virginia State Police Firearms Transaction Center.

• Upon completion of billing and VCheck user agreements, the dealers are then eligible to sell firearms.

7



Licensed Dealers

• There are currently 2,438 registered firearms dealers with active accounts in Virginia.

• Out of the 2,438 dealers, it is estimated that only 1,500 are actively selling firearms on a regular basis.

• Each store selling firearms is considered an active dealer.• Example: Wal-Mart is treated as 91 separate dealers

8 Source: FTC



Licensed Sellers

• As of August 1, 2000, all persons (e.g. employees) wishing to sell firearms from a licensed dealer must submit fingerprints for a national criminal records check.

• These sellers are enrolled in Virginia Rap Back, so that if they get arrested for a disqualifying offense, their seller’s license is suspended pending case disposition.

• Any individual named on the FFL is exempt from submitting fingerprints since they have already had a fingerprint background check conducted by ATF.

• There are currently 19,569 active seller IDs in Virginia.

9



Purchasing Process

• Present a valid government issued photo identification to a registered dealer and complete a state and federal background check consent form.

• The information will be submitted to the FTC, either by phone or through VCheck.

• A transaction may be instantly approved within 2 minutes if there are no criminal record hits or possible hits on the specific identifiers submitted: Name, Sex, Race, Date of Birth and Social Security number (if included).

• Any possible hits are delayed so that an employee can review the record response.

10



State or National Databases accessed at time of transaction

Virginia Criminal Information Network (VCIN) Wanted, Missing Person Files or Protective Orders Virginia Criminal History Adjudications of legal incompetence, incapacity and involuntary commitments to mental health institutions

National Crime Information Center (NCIC) Wanted Persons and Protective orders

Interstate Identification Index (III) Federal Criminal History Records

National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS) All federal prohibitors that are not supported by fingerprints or posted on a criminal history

All systems must be in full service or transactions are placed in abeyanceuntil full service is returned

11



Firearm Prohibitors

• Felony Conviction• Acquitted by Reason of Insanity• Adjudicated legally Incompetent• Involuntarily Admitted• Alien Illegally in the United States• Respondent on a Protection Order• Felony Indictment• Fugitive from Justice• Misdemeanor Crime of Domestic

Violence

12

• Dishonorable Discharge• Renounced Citizenship in the United

States• Misdemeanor Punishable by more

than 2 years• Unlawful user of Controlled

Substances• Recent Misdemeanor Controlled

Substance Convictions (handguns)• Juvenile Felony Conviction



DelayedTransactions

60%

40%

Instant Approvaldelayed

Delayed transactions require a technician to review the identifiers, interpret, and

analyze the corresponding criminal history information.

13 Source: FTC



DeniedTransactions 2013-2018

20%

13%

3%

17%13%

7%

8%

2%3%

14%

FelonyMCDVIndictmentFed DrugMental HealthMisd WarrantProtective OrderFelony WarrantVa Misd DrugAll other

Average 3,300 denials/year

14 FTCSource: FTC

There were 7,064 closed arrests by

State Police related to the sale

or attempt to purchase as a result of FTC

denied transactions.



Denials: One Handgun Per Month

Virginia’s One-Handgun-A-Month Law• From 1993-2012, purchasers were limited to the purchase of one handgun within 30 days.

• There were 12,506 denials for violating this law.• Beginning in 1996, purchasers could apply for a multiple handgun purchase certificate.

• In total, 3,508 were issued and 373 were denied.• Concealed Handgun Permit allowed as exemption 4/15/2004.

• From this time forward, multiple purchase certificates dropped to near zero.

Average Monthly Multiple Handgun Transactions 2017 1,4632018 1,2112019 YTD 1,292

Multiple Handgun Transactions are determined only at the time of purchase.

These numbers are not Indicative of multiple purchases with-in 30 days

15 Source: FTC



DeniedTransactions 2007-2011

30%

22%12%

3%

8%

6%

7%

4%2%

6%

Exceeding HandgunFelonyMCDVIndictmentFed DrugMental HealthMisd WarrantProtective OrderFelony WarrantAll Other

16 Source: FTC



Denials Requiring Investigation

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

2015 (1,702) 2016 (2,010) 2017 (2,072) 2018 (1,996) 2019 (1,010)Indictment 94 99 111 122 53Protective Order 227 261 272 283 172Mental Health 340 440 496 451 221Domestic Violence 490 522 487 482 246Felony 551 688 706 658 318

17

As of June 30, 2019

Source: FTC



Machine Gun Registrations

Active Machine Gun Registrations 11,345Transferred Machine Gun Registrations 2,885Terminated Machine Gun Registrations 4,147

18 Source: FTC



Active Concealed Handgun Permits

• Active resident permits issued by Circuit Courts 596,419• Active de facto permits issued by Courts 43• Active nonresident permits issued by VSP 39,659• Active permits issued to retired VSP personnel 1,320• Active permits issued by other law enforcement agencies 6,378• Active Conservator of the Peace entries 545• Active permits for law enforcement on long term leave 7• Active Duty Military State Police permits 2• Total permits in VCIN 644,373

FTC19 Source: FTC (data as of 8/14/19)



Permit Prohibitors

• Additional permit prohibitors• Open Felony Charge• Two or more misdemeanor

convictions in a five-year period• DUI conviction or public

drunkenness in past three years• Convicted of Assault, Battery, Sexual

Assault in past three years• Convicted of Stalking• Open charge of Assault, Battery, or

Sexual Battery• Open charge or conviction of

Possession of Controlled Substance in past three years

20

• Firearm possession prohibitors that do not prohibit issuance of a permit• Conviction of a misdemeanor crime

of domestic violence (beyond three years)



Resident Concealed Handgun Permits

86,177

128,267

92,331 91,822

121,133 120,841

166,078

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

160,000

180,000

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

21 Source: FTC



Revoked Resident Permits

1,084

923

670 667583

664583

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

22 FTCSource: FTC



Nonresident Concealed Handgun Permits

3,002

5,333

1,850

3,869

6,601

8,760

13,475

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

23 FTCSource: FTC



Gun Crime in VirginiaData compiled from the State Police Central Criminal Records Exchange and the Incident Based Reporting Program

24



Purchase, possession, or transportation by individuals with mental health prohibitors§ 18.2-308.1:1§ 18.2-308.1:2§ 18.2-308.1:3

Purchase or transportation of firearm by persons subject to protective orders.§ 18.2-308.1:4

Purchase or transportation of firearm by persons convicted of two misdemeanor drug offenses within 36 months.§ 18.2-308.1:5

Possession or transportation of firearms by convicted felons.§ 18.2-308.2

Sale of firearms to prohibited persons§ 18.2-308.2:1

Use or display of firearm in committing felony§ 18.2-53.1

Straw purchases§ 18.2-308.2:2(M)

Firearms Criminal Violations

25 FTC



Arrests: Felon in Possession 18.2-308.2 Possession or transportation of firearms by convicted felon

2550 2580 24982715 2630

27483014

3276

3695 3671

1000

2000

3000

4000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 201826 CCRESource: CCRE



Arrests: Use in Commission of Felony

32022864 2982 2925

2736

2368 23082497

2273

1821

1000

2000

3000

4000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

18.2-53.1 use or display of firearm in committing a felony

27 CCRESource: CCRE



Arrests: Protective Order Prohibitor

7182 86 102 94

127

154

188

212

191

0

50

100

150

200

250

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

308.1:4

28 CCRESource: CCRE



Arrests: Mental Health Prohibitors

76 75 70

113101

70

109

128

143

129

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

308.1:1-1:3

29 CCRESource: CCRE



1714

27

44

33

23

17

32 31

40

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

308.2:1

Arrests: Dealer Violations

30 CCRESource: CCRE



0

1

2

3

4

5

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

0 0 0

2

0

2

5Straw Purchase Arrests

Straw Purchase Arrests

Straw Purchases

31 CCRESource: CCRE



Weapons Used in All Crime

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018Firearm 13,333 12,370 12,101 11,973 11,918 12,015 13,466 15,490 16,211 15,350Other 18,713 18,271 17,118 16,010 14,677 14,739 13,894 14,942 15,116 14,654Hands, Fist, Feet, Etc 82,515 84,347 83,533 81,853 79,216 76,659 76,907 77,014 75,624 73,518

010,00020,00030,00040,00050,00060,00070,00080,00090,000

Other Includes: Knives, Blunt Objects, Motor Vehicle/Vessel, Poison/Drugs, Fire/Explosives

IBR32 Source: IBR/UCR



Weapons Used in All Crime2009-2018

68%

12%

7%

7%4% 2% 0%

Personal Weapons (Hands, Fist,Feet, Arms, Teeth, Etc.)

Firearm

Other

None

Dangerous Weapons

Unknown

Motor Vehicle/Vessel




Weapons Used in Murder2009-2018

2588

1170

FirearmAll Other


Year Firearms All Other2009 234 125

2010 235 130

2011 204 96

2012 212 103

2013 217 99

2014 222 116

2015 266 120

2016 343 141

2017 346 134

2018 309 106



Type of Firearm Used in Murder

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

2009201020112012201320142015201620172018

Firearm (Not Specified) Handgun Rifle Shotgun Other Firearm




Weapons Used in Robbery2009-2018

25,547

21,836 FirearmAll Other


Year Firearms All Other2009 3,428 2,7382010 2,938 2,5242011 2,850 2,4482012 2,553 2,0752013 2,375 2,0822014 2,191 2,0042015 2,405 1,9652016 2,612 2,0832017 2,348 1,8362018 1,847 1,631



Type of Firearm Used in Robbery

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000

2009201020112012201320142015201620172018





Weapons Used in Aggravated Assault 2009-2018

24,723

70,516

FirearmAll Other


Year Firearms All Other2009 2,066 7,8592010 1,967 7,5782011 1,822 6,9112012 1,983 7,0102013 2,078 6,9842014 2,412 6,9652015 2,682 6,6382016 3,355 6,9842017 3,181 6,7622018 3,177 6,915



Type of Firearm Used in Aggravated Assault

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500

2009201020112012201320142015201620172018





Weapons Used in Forcible Sex Offenses 2009-2018

FirearmAll Other


Year Firearms All Other2009 55 4,007

2010 61 4,075

2011 46 4,228

2012 52 4,143

2013 41 4,076

2014 35 4,235

2015 40 4,381

2016 50 4,666

2017 46 4,717

2018 41 4,652



Type of Firearm Used in Forcible Sex Offenses

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

2009201020112012201320142015201620172018





3044 3254 3139 3308 3518 4095 4105

1370 1408 1477 1426 1383 1634 1782

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018Firearm Other Weapon

Weapons During Arrests

Of the 2% of arrestees that

are armed; 70% are

armed with a firearm.

Over 98% of all arrestees

are unarmed.




1,392

1,375

1,390

1,410

1,734

2,214

2,310

450

607

466

495

420

450

485

522

621

601

647

513

513

456

680

651

682

756

851

924

896

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500

HandgunsRiflesShotgunsNot Specified

Arrests with Firearms by Weapon Type




Stolen Firearms by Year –Voluntary Reporting

13,461

12,349

11,355

10,232

13,001

9,72610,290

11,17010,598

9,020

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018


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