A&MIS 5251W. F. Bentz A&MIS 525 William F. Bentz September 24, 2001 Fisher College of Business.
Valley of the Sun Clean Cities Coalition Scott Bentz
Transcript of Valley of the Sun Clean Cities Coalition Scott Bentz
Valley of the Sun Clean Cities Coalition Scott Bentz
CRM Attendees
§ Scott Bentz – VP On Highway Business
§ Mike Barr – Territory Manager – Dealer Support
§ Guy Remenap – Territory Manager Muni / Transit
Agenda
§ Where are we today on emissions? § Natural Gas vs. Clean Diesel § What is next? § Alphabet soup, or OBD, GHG, NOx, PM, and other
regulatory issues § Open discussion and Q&A
§ 14 branch locations (white stars)
§ 6 twig locations (black stars)
§ 10 states § 3 dedicated Power Gen
locations § 1 High-Horsepower
Rebuild Center (>19L engines)
§ 880 team members
CRM Footprint
Global Production Leader
Source: Power Systems Research, 2011
2.8-15L Diesel Engines
In Thousands
§ 9/9/13 § Cummins Confidential § 6
§ Natural Gas § Diesel
Broad Product Range
§ A major expansion of the range since the late 1990s, with twice the number of engine platforms covering 49 to 4200 horsepower
§ ISF/QSF2.8
§ QSK95
Our History of ‘Firsts’
§ First to market with the best products
§ First in diesel innovation with over 1500 active patents
§ First to establish overseas manufacturing in emerging economies
Since 1919, the list of Cummins ‘Firsts’ in diesel achievements & world speed records is unequalled in the industry
Emissions Leadership
§ EPA ’98
§ 0.01 § 0.0 § 0.02 § 0.03 § 0.04 § 0.05 § 0.06 § 0.07 § 0.08 § 0.09 § 0.10 § 0.11 § 0.12 § 0.13
§ 0.0
§ 0.5
§ 1.0
§ 1.5
§ 2.0
§ 2.5
§ 3.0
§ 3.5
§ 4.0
§ 4.5
§ 5.0
EPA NA Emission Standards § N
Ox
– g/
hp-h
r
§ Particulate – g/hp-hr
§ EPA ’02
§ EPA ’07
§ EPA ’10
§ Cummins Confidential
Generic History of Emission Reduction § 2002
– EGR for NOx reduction – MPG loss due to engine efficiency
§ 2007 – DPF for PM (particulate matter) reduction – MPG loss (minor) for regeneration
§ 2010 – SCR (Urea) used for additional NOx reduction – MPG increase from use of SCR
§ 2013 / 2014 – CO2 reductions – MPG increases
Banking, Trading and Credits
§ Cummins has the option to use credits § Currently, the only engine that Cummins uses the
credit strategy is the ISX 400-450 HP over the road truck engine
§ All other engines and ratings meet NOx and PM § Reason?
– Fuel economy vs. emissions
§ EPA supports this, as it actually gives a 20% advantage towards emissions
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Cummins DDC Cat Mack Navistar MBE Volvo PACCAR
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North American Heavy-Duty Truck Shipments Engine Manufacturers’ Market Share*, May 2013
§ * Wards NA Heavy Duty Market Share (Class 8 Group 2)
1998-2011 Annual Share
2012-2013 Monthly Share
§ 9/9/13 § Cummins Confidential § 16
Cummins Class 6 & 7 Market Share* Among Engine Manufacturers
* Wards NA Medium Duty Market Share data (Class 6 and Class 7 data), ACT historic build data and Cummins account teams data
Cummins 53.2%
CAT 0.0% DDC
0.0%
Hino 11.2%
MBE 0.8%
Navistar 34.8%
2012 Market Share
Cummins 62.5%
CAT 0.0% DDC
0.0%
Hino 6.7%
MBE 1.6%
Navistar 29.2%
2013 Market Share (June YTD)
US Trends – Passenger and Light Truck
§ Despite the sizable uptick in registrations for diesels, they still only comprise a little less than 3 percent of the market, vs. 50% for Europe.
§ Automakers are adding diesel vehicles because of higher Corporate Average Fuel Economy standards, which will climb to 54.5 miles per gallon by 2025.
§ Top 3 States with Fastest Growth in Diesel Cars and SUVs from 2010 to 2012:
§ 1) California +55% 2) Massachusetts +45% 3) New York +43%
Breaking News
§ Navistar announced ISB6.7 will be available in IC Bus and MD Trucks – Replaces Navistar DT466
§ Cummins ISV5 announced in Nissan Titan – Light duty Pickup 300HP 550 LB/FT rating
OEM Availability
OEM ISX15 ISX12 ISL9 ISB6.7 ISX12G ISL9G Autocar X X X X X Bluebird X X X
Ford X Freightliner X X X X X X International X X X X
Kenworth X X X X X X Mack X X X
Peterbilt X X X X X X Thomas Bus X X X
Volvo X X X Western
Star X
What happens in 2014 for GHG and CO2?
The chassis manufacturer will certify the vehicle for tires
The engine manufacturer will certify the engine for NOx, PM and CO2
The tractor manufacturer will certify the vehicle for aerodynamics, weight, tires, idling and
speed limiters
Voca
tiona
l Veh
icle
s E
ngin
es
Com
bina
tion
Trac
tors
Component Test
Rolling Resistance
CO2 (g/ton*mile)
Vehicle Model
Vehicle Speed Limiter (VSL)
Controls Settings
Automatic Engine Shutdown (AES)
Aerodynamic Cd
Weight Reduction
Combination Tractor Simulation Weight Reduction Methods
Vehi
cle
Spe
ed L
imite
r (V
SL)
Controls Settings
Automatic Engine Shutdown (AES)
Tractor Compliance – Engine Features
Class 8 sleeper cabs only Vehicle credit for automatic shutdown within 5 minutes Delays allowed under certain conditions (e.g., PTO operation)
Vehicle credit for speed limit < 65 mph Provisions for adjustable and “soft top” limits
§ CO2 Emissions
Summary
§ Continuous Improvement – No new emissions hardware for foreseeable future
§ Greenhouse Gas Regulations 2014 – Carbon dioxide requirements – Cummins certified in 2013
§ Fuel Efficiency § Greenhouse Gasses § Greenhouse Gasses
Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Standards
2014 2017 Vocational 3% 5% Tractor 3% 6%
2010 vs 2013 OBD Topic OBD 2010 Requirements OBD 2013 Requirements
Product scope One engine family requires OBD certification per engine OEM –Only one engine rating per year requires certification demonstration
All engines families require OBD certification
Emission threshold monitoring
Certify major emissions threshold monitors to 2.5 times emissions threshold limit
Certify major emissions threshold monitors to 2.0 times emissions threshold limit
Compliance of monitors Compliance demonstration of approximately 32 major monitors
Compliance demonstration of approximately 35-40 major monitors
Communication protocol Communicated using an OEM proprietary protocol format
OBD diagnostics information communicated using industry STD J1939 protocol format. (OEM proprietary format no longer acceptable)
Performance ratio Only required to be tracked and reported
Liability for not meeting performance ratio requirements
Reporting Not Required Increased reporting requirements
Changes
Natural Gas
§ Cummins Confidential
Stoichiometric EGR Three Way Catalyst
Architecture
CWI Combustion Technology Spark Ignited Stoichiometric with Cooled EGR
Three Way Catalyst
EGR Cooler C
harg
e A
ir C
oole
r
Throttle
Fuel
Spark Ignited
Spark Plug
§ Fuel, EGR and air are premixed outside the cylinder
§ Spark plug ignites the mixture
§ Air flow controls fuel flow
§ Air/Fuel ratio controls emissions
Catalyst Inlet
NOX CO
HC
Catalyst Outlet
N2 CO2
H2O
Three Way Catalyst
TWC reduces three harmful emissions: NOX, CO, HC
End products are: N2, CO2, H2O
Packaged as part of muffler
Simple, passive device O2 Sensor connects to ECM
Consistent performance across all duty cycles
Three “Es” of Natural Gas
Economics
• Natural Gas costs about 40% less than diesel
• Fuel use reduces payback
Energy Policy
• Abundant domestic supply of natural gas in North America
• The United States ranks in the top 2 for annual natural gas production*
• Reduce crude oil imports
Environment
• Reduce GHG emissions
• Reduced engine noise
• Simple Aftertreatment
§ *According to “The World Factbook,” the United States produced the 2nd
most Natural Gas in 2011 with 669,600,000,000 cubic meters
§ Source: U.S. DOE / Clean Cities Alternative Fuel Price Report (April 2013).
Natural Gas commodity prices ~40% price advantage at the retail pump
CNG (DGE) Price Difference by State
§ RI 3
§ MD 3
§ DE 1
§ NJ 5 § NV § 4
§ WA § 7
§ OR § 3
§ CA § 119
§ AK § 0
§ AZ § 8
§ UT § 38
§ ID § 2
§ MT § 3
§ WY § 4
§ CO § 10
§ NM § 3
§ TX § 25
§ OK § 53
§ KS § 2
§ NE § 4
§ SD § 0
§ ND § 2 § MN § 5
§ IA § 1
§ MO § 2
§ AR § 3
§ LA § 11
§ MS § 1
§ IL § 7
§ WI § 22
§ IN § 8
§ KY § 3
§ TN 3
§ AL § 5
§ FL § 7
§ GA § 8
§ SC 3
§ NC 15
§ VA § 3
§ WV § 0
§ OH § 12
§ PA § 13
§ ME 1
§ MI § 10
§ NY § 28
§ VT § 1 § NH 1
§ MA 11
§ CT 7
§ HI 0
§ DC 2
§ Source: Alternative Fuels & Advanced Vehicles Data Center (DOE); NGVAmerica website § May 2013
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§ 100+
§ 75-99
§ 50-74
§ 25-49
§ 1-24
§ 0 35
§ # of LNG Stations
§ # of CNG Stations
Public Natural Gas Stations in the U.S.
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1 1
1
§ ALL CNG Stations are capable of handling a MD or HD Vehicle and can fill a tank to 3600 PSI.
§ RI 0
§ MD 0
§ DE 0
§ NJ 4 § NV § 4
§ WA § 0
§ OR § 0
§ CA § 12
§ AK § 0
§ AZ § 1
§ UT § 2
§ ID § 2
§ MT § 0
§ WY § 0
§ CO § 1
§ NM § 0
§ TX § 5
§ OK § 1
§ KS § 1
§ NE § 0
§ SD § 0
§ ND § 0 § MN § 0
§ IA § 0
§ MO § 0
§ AR § 3
§ LA § 0
§ MS § 1
§ IL § 2
§ WI § 2
§ IN § 3
§ KY § 0
§ TN 0
§ AL § 0
§ FL § 4
§ GA § 5
§ SC 0
§ NC 3
§ VA § 0
§ WV § 0
§ OH § 8
§ PA § 6
§ ME 0
§ MI § 1
§ NY § 3
§ VT § 0 § NH 1
§ MA 1
§ CT 1
§ HI 0
§ DC 1
§ Source: Alternative Fuels & Advanced Vehicles Data Center (DOE); NGVAmerica website § May 2013
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10
2
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2
§ 100+
§ 75-99
§ 50-74
§ 25-49
§ 1-24
§ 0 71
§ # of Planned § LNG Stations
§ # of CNG Stations
Planned Natural Gas Stations in the U.S.
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2 1
2
§ ALL CNG Stations are capable of handling a MD or HD Vehicle and can fill a tank to 3600 PSI.
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North American natural gas engine adoption rate forecast by market segment
Market Segment NG Market Adoption Rate
2012 2017 Projection
Transit Bus 9% 15-20%
Refuse Truck 29% 50-60%
HD Truck < 1% 4-10%
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§ Cummins Confidential
§ Manufactured in Rocky Mount Engine Plant – Serviced by Cummins
Distributors and qualified dealers
§ Manufactured in Jamestown Engine Plant – Serviced by Cummins
Distributors and qualified dealers
Natural Gas Engines: Features
§ ISX12 G : 12 Liters § ISL G : 9 Liters § Uses 100% Natural Gas
– Capable of CNG, LNG or RNG
§ In-line 6 cylinder § Charge-Air Cooled (CAC) § Stoichiometric EGR Combustion § Spark Ignited § Three Way Catalyst Aftertreatment § Manufactured by Cummins
Benefits of Stoichiometric EGR Combustion § Spark ignition
– CWI engines use 100% Natural Gas
§ Uses CNG, LNG, RNG – Allows flexibility for end user
§ Simple aftertreatment – Three Way Catalyst aftertreatment
• Passive device • No regeneration • Eliminates aftertreatment maintenance costs
Three Way Catalyst Aftertreatment
§ Similar to catalyst on gasoline passenger cars
§ Packaged as a muffler with vertical or horizontal mount
§ Weighs ~100 pounds
§ Passive device
§ Benefits: – Maintenance-free – Reliable – No regeneration events – Easy to install in vehicle
§ 40
Natural Gas Engines: Technical Specs
Horsepower 250-320 hp
Torque Range 660-1,000 lb-ft
Transmission Automatic
Clutch Engagement 550 lb-ft
Engine Braking No
System Weight 1,725
Horsepower 320-400 hp
Torque Range 1,150-1,450 lb-ft
Transmission Automatic / Manual
Clutch Engagement 700 lb-ft
Engine Braking Yes
System Weight 2,750 lbs
§ Fuel § Module
§ EGR § Valve
§ Wastegate § Turbo
§ Coil on Plug Ignition
§ 2 Valve Cylinder Head
§ Engine Control § Module
§ Ignition Control § Module
The Right Applications
§ ISL G – MidRange Engine – Pickup and Delivery
Truck – Vocational – Up to *66,000 lbs GVW – Less than 60,000 miles
per year
§ *Refuse Packer ,Crane / Cherry Pickers, Concrete Ready Mixer allow up to 80,000 GVW
§ Fuel § Module
§ Engine Control § Module
§ Ignition Control § Module
§ EGR § Valve § Wastegate
§ Turbo
§ Coil on Plug Ignition
§ 4 Valve Cylinder Head
The Right Applications
§ ISX12 G – Heavy Duty Engine – Regional haul – Vocational – Up to 80,000 lb GVW – Any natural gas application
exceeding 60,000 miles per year
§ Cummins Confidential
§ ISB6.7G
www.cumminswestport.com
New Website launched May 15, 2012 Great source of information about natural gas engines and vehicles. Features the Natural Gas Academy, a series of instructional videos Designed to provide a general overview of natural gas as a fuel whether it is compressed (CNG) or liquefied (LNG), and how it is used with vehicles.
ISX12 G engine walk around video added Sept, 2012