Valence Electrons and Lewis Dot Structures. Orbitals – energy levels of electrons Electron...
-
Upload
jade-terry -
Category
Documents
-
view
230 -
download
4
Transcript of Valence Electrons and Lewis Dot Structures. Orbitals – energy levels of electrons Electron...
![Page 1: Valence Electrons and Lewis Dot Structures. Orbitals – energy levels of electrons Electron Placement.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062308/56649ec55503460f94bd0ba7/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Valence Electrons andLewis Dot Structures
![Page 2: Valence Electrons and Lewis Dot Structures. Orbitals – energy levels of electrons Electron Placement.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062308/56649ec55503460f94bd0ba7/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Orbitals – energy levels of electrons
Electron Placement
![Page 3: Valence Electrons and Lewis Dot Structures. Orbitals – energy levels of electrons Electron Placement.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062308/56649ec55503460f94bd0ba7/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Valence Electrons
Located in the outermost orbital
![Page 4: Valence Electrons and Lewis Dot Structures. Orbitals – energy levels of electrons Electron Placement.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062308/56649ec55503460f94bd0ba7/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The group number that the element is in tells how many
valence electrons it has.
How to determine valence electrons from the periodic table
![Page 5: Valence Electrons and Lewis Dot Structures. Orbitals – energy levels of electrons Electron Placement.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062308/56649ec55503460f94bd0ba7/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Valence Electrons and Lewis Dot Structures. Orbitals – energy levels of electrons Electron Placement.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062308/56649ec55503460f94bd0ba7/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Determining Valence Electrons from the Periodic Table
![Page 7: Valence Electrons and Lewis Dot Structures. Orbitals – energy levels of electrons Electron Placement.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062308/56649ec55503460f94bd0ba7/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
In order for an element to be completely unreactive, it must have 8 electrons in its outermost orbital
This is what all elements try to obtain
Which group of elements follow this rule?
Octet Rule
![Page 8: Valence Electrons and Lewis Dot Structures. Orbitals – energy levels of electrons Electron Placement.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062308/56649ec55503460f94bd0ba7/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
How many valence electrons does Oxygen have?
Lewis Dot Structures
OEach dot represents a valence electron
You must fill all four sides with at least one electron before having a pair on one side
![Page 9: Valence Electrons and Lewis Dot Structures. Orbitals – energy levels of electrons Electron Placement.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062308/56649ec55503460f94bd0ba7/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
How many valence electrons does Nitrogen have?
Lewis Dot Structures
N
![Page 10: Valence Electrons and Lewis Dot Structures. Orbitals – energy levels of electrons Electron Placement.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062308/56649ec55503460f94bd0ba7/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Helium is the only exception. Helium only has 2 electrons total. Although it does not follow the octet rule, its outer shell is full, and is therefore stable.
Lewis Dot Structure
He
![Page 11: Valence Electrons and Lewis Dot Structures. Orbitals – energy levels of electrons Electron Placement.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062308/56649ec55503460f94bd0ba7/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Transfer of electrons
Na + Cl = ?
Na + Cl
First, write out the equation using Lewis Dot structures
![Page 12: Valence Electrons and Lewis Dot Structures. Orbitals – energy levels of electrons Electron Placement.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062308/56649ec55503460f94bd0ba7/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Transfer of Electrons
Then, decide which electrons will be transferred.
Na + Cl
![Page 13: Valence Electrons and Lewis Dot Structures. Orbitals – energy levels of electrons Electron Placement.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062308/56649ec55503460f94bd0ba7/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Transfer of electrons
Na + Cl
Na + Cl
Now you have this:
What happens when an element gains or loses electrons?
![Page 14: Valence Electrons and Lewis Dot Structures. Orbitals – energy levels of electrons Electron Placement.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062308/56649ec55503460f94bd0ba7/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Transfer of Electrons
Na + Cl+1
-1
![Page 15: Valence Electrons and Lewis Dot Structures. Orbitals – energy levels of electrons Electron Placement.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062308/56649ec55503460f94bd0ba7/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Writing Formulas
Now that we have created a compound, lets write its formula!
Na + Cl+1
-1
Since we have one Na element and one Cl element, its formula is:
NaCl
This is an ionic bond.(metal + nonmetal)
![Page 16: Valence Electrons and Lewis Dot Structures. Orbitals – energy levels of electrons Electron Placement.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062308/56649ec55503460f94bd0ba7/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Mg + Cl = ?
Mg + Cl
Mg + Cl
Mg + Cl
What about this one?
![Page 17: Valence Electrons and Lewis Dot Structures. Orbitals – energy levels of electrons Electron Placement.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062308/56649ec55503460f94bd0ba7/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Having one lone electron makes magnesium very unstable. It needs to bond!!!!
Mg + Cl
Cl Cl
ClMg +
![Page 18: Valence Electrons and Lewis Dot Structures. Orbitals – energy levels of electrons Electron Placement.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062308/56649ec55503460f94bd0ba7/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Writing Formulas
Not done yet!!! We still have to write the formula!
Cl
ClMg +
Since there is one Magnesium and two Chlorine’s, the formula is:
MgCl2
![Page 19: Valence Electrons and Lewis Dot Structures. Orbitals – energy levels of electrons Electron Placement.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062308/56649ec55503460f94bd0ba7/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Covalent Bonds
Covalent bonds do NOT transfer electrons, they share them
Covalent bonds exist between two nonmetals(nonmetal + nonmetal)
![Page 20: Valence Electrons and Lewis Dot Structures. Orbitals – energy levels of electrons Electron Placement.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062308/56649ec55503460f94bd0ba7/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Covalent Bonds
F + F = ?
F F+=
F F =F2
A shared bond is also represented by a dashed line
F F = F F
![Page 21: Valence Electrons and Lewis Dot Structures. Orbitals – energy levels of electrons Electron Placement.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062308/56649ec55503460f94bd0ba7/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Covalent Bonds
H + O = ?H + O
HOWhat about this one?
![Page 22: Valence Electrons and Lewis Dot Structures. Orbitals – energy levels of electrons Electron Placement.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062308/56649ec55503460f94bd0ba7/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Add another Hydrogen!!!
HOH
OH
H
H2O