Vaccines: HPV and HIV. Immune System esophagus stomach Taking in food and oxygen exposes us to...
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Transcript of Vaccines: HPV and HIV. Immune System esophagus stomach Taking in food and oxygen exposes us to...
![Page 1: Vaccines: HPV and HIV. Immune System esophagus stomach Taking in food and oxygen exposes us to pathogens.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649f215503460f94c39e75/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Vaccines: HPV and HIV
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ImmuneSystem
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esophagus
stomach
Taking in food and oxygen exposes us to pathogens
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CB 18.2
Pathogen: an organism that causes disease
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Ebola
E. coli
Fungus from soil
Phage virus
various pathogens
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Viruses only harm cells by invading them and using the cell to reproduce
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Living organisms must fit all of the following criteria:
1. They must have organization.
2. They must have metabolism.
3. They must respond to the environment.
4. They must be able to reproduce themselves.
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CB 6.6A typical bacteria
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lag
exponential
stationary
The rapid growth of bacteriaCB 52.12
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CB 52.22
Human Population Growth
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36.4
9
2.3
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36.4
9
2.3
How much of our society is based on continuing population increases?
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CB 6.6A typical bacteria
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What do bacteria do?from a human perspective
Good• Decay dead material• Help digest food• Protect body from “bad
bacteria”• Nitrogen fixation• Produce oxygen
Bad• Cause disease
– Food poisoning
– STD’s
– Cavities
– Infections of skin or body
• Spoil food/infect crops
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CB 54.17 The nitrogen cycle
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Nitrogen as part of amino acids and nucleotides
N NN
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What do bacteria do?from a human perspective
Good• Decay dead material• Help digest food• Protect body from “bad
bacteria”• Nitrogen fixation• Produce oxygen
Bad• Cause disease
– Food poisoning
– STD’s
– Cavities
– Infections of skin or body
• Spoil food/infect crops
~40% of planted food does not make it to table
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Resistance of bacteria to antibiotics
Evolution in Action:
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What do bacteria do?from a human perspective
Good• Decay dead material• Help digest food• Protect body from “bad
bacteria”• Nitrogen fixation• Produce oxygen
Bad• Cause disease
– Food poisoning
– STD’s
– Cavities
– Infections of skin or body
• Spoil food/infect crops
~40% of planted food does not make it to table
![Page 20: Vaccines: HPV and HIV. Immune System esophagus stomach Taking in food and oxygen exposes us to pathogens.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649f215503460f94c39e75/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
esophagus
stomach
Taking in food and oxygen exposes us to pathogens
![Page 21: Vaccines: HPV and HIV. Immune System esophagus stomach Taking in food and oxygen exposes us to pathogens.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649f215503460f94c39e75/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
The Immune System
• Non-specific:– barriers
• Specific:–B-cells -> antibodies
–T-cells
CB 43.2
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Non-Specific Immune SystemBarriers: Skin-
DryInhospitableCompetitionSecretions (lysozyme)
Hairs and Mucus (protect openings)Traps particles, swallowed
Stomach acidkills pathogens
CB 43.2
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CB 43.2 Skin protects us from most pathogens
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Non-Specific Immune SystemBarriers: Skin-
DryInhospitableCompetitionSecretions (lysozyme)
Hairs and Mucus (protect openings)Traps particles, swallowed
Stomach acidkills pathogens
CB 43.2
![Page 25: Vaccines: HPV and HIV. Immune System esophagus stomach Taking in food and oxygen exposes us to pathogens.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649f215503460f94c39e75/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
esophagus
stomach
![Page 26: Vaccines: HPV and HIV. Immune System esophagus stomach Taking in food and oxygen exposes us to pathogens.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649f215503460f94c39e75/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Non-Specific Immune SystemBarriers: Skin-
DryInhospitableCompetitionSecretions (lysozyme)
Hairs and Mucus (protect openings)Traps particles, swallowed
Stomach acidkills pathogens
CB 43.2
![Page 27: Vaccines: HPV and HIV. Immune System esophagus stomach Taking in food and oxygen exposes us to pathogens.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649f215503460f94c39e75/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
How do vaccines to work?How do vaccines to work?By pre-activating the body’s immune system.By pre-activating the body’s immune system.