E2677 v2 MANILA WATER COMPANY, INC.

NORTH AND SOUTH PASIGSEWERAGE SYSTEM PROJECTENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT METRO MANILA WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT PRO..IECT (MWMP) Executive Summary 11/10/2011 Environmental Impact Statement NORTH AND SOUTH PASIG SEWE MG E SYSTEM PROJE CT

CONTENTSExecutive Summary ..... ..... ..... ......... ... ............. ............ ............................................................................ 3 Project Fact Sheet ... ........................... .. ....................... ....... ........... .. .... ... ....... ................................ ...... 3 Introduction .................. .. ......... .. ...................... .... .... .. ..... .. ...... .. ............... .. ..... .. ............... ....... :... .......... 4 Brief Description of the Project ......... .. ...... .......... .. .. ............... .. ....... ....... ...... .. ............. .... .................... . 4 A. Project Location ... .. ...... ...... .. ...... .. ........ ........ .. ........ ... .... .. ..... .. .. ........................ ..... ...... ... ...... 4 B. Project Components ........... ...... .. .. .... ... ......... .. ..... .... ..... .. .. ................... ... ...... ..................... .. 7 C. Project Rationale ... ........... ... ....... .... ... .... .. ... .. ..... .................. ... ... ... ......... .............. .. .. ........ .... 7 D. Project Cost.. .............. ... ..... ..... .............. .......... ..................... ..... ... ...... .... .... ......................... 7 E. Project Phases .... ..................... ........... ....... .... ....... ............. ....... .. .. .... ... .... .. ........ .............. ... 7 F. Types and Estimated Generation Rate of Major Waste Streams .. .. ........ ................ .... ............ 8 Summary of Project's EIA Process .... ... .. .... ......................................................... .................... ... .... .... 8 A. Description of Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework ............ ........ .............. ... .......... 8 B. Organization and Structure of the EIS Report .......... ...................... .. .. ..... ................. .. .... .... 9 C. EIA Team ............. .... ..... .... ....................................... .~ .... ...... ................. ....... .... .... ............ . 10 D. EIA Study Schedule ... .... .................. .. ...... .... ..... ...... .. ..... ... ...... ........ .......... .. ...................... 10 E. EIA Study Area ..................................... ............... ............ ............... .......... ... ... ...... ............. 10 F. EIA Methodology ............. .. ................................. ...... .. ........... .............. ... .. ........ ...... .. .. ............ 11 G. Public Participation ............ ..... ..... ....... ............. .. .. ...... .......... ................ .. ... .. .. .......... ... ........ 13 Summary of Baseline Characterization ....... ............ .. ...... .......... ........ .. ..... .............. .. ........... .... .......... 14 Key Environmental Impacts ...... ........... ..... .... ...... ......... ........ ....... ...................... ....... ... ......... .... ........ .. 17 A. Benefits .............. ..... ... .... ....................... ..... .................... ..... ..... .. ........ ..... .......... .. .......... .... 17 B. Adverse Impacts and Associated Mitigating Measures .. ........ .. .................. ......... .. .. ........ 17 Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan ......... ............ ...... ..... .............. ...... ............. ..... ...... 17 Summary of Impact Assessment and Environmental Management Plan .. ................ .. ...... .. ........ ..... 18 Summary of Environmental Monitoring Plan .................. .... ..... .. .............. .. ...................... .................. 25 Environmental Monitoring Fund and Environmental Guarantee Fund .... .. .. .... .... ...... ..... .... .... ........... 27

TABLESTable 1. EIATeam .. ... ... ... ................ .. ............. ........... .......... ........................ ...... ..... .......... .... .. ..... ........ 10Table 2. Generic EIA Approach and Data Sources ...... ..... ... .. ...... .. ........... .. ..... ...... ............. ...... .. ..... 12

FIGURESFigure 1. The Pasig River Catchment Area ............. .... ....... .................... ......... ..................................... . 5

ANNEXES A. Technical Scoping Checklist B. Minutes of Public Consultation dated May 24, 2010 C. Barangay Clearance D. Minutes of Public Consultation dated April 15, 2011 E. Deed of Absolute Sale of properties covered by TCT No. PT-140740 and 140253 F. PEMAPS G. Sworn Accountability Statement of Proponent H. Sworn Accountability Statement of Preparer I. Land Use Map and Sewer Network J. EHS Guidelines on Chlorine Handling K. Traffic Management Standards L. Minutes of Public Consultation dated October 28,2011

11 Page Environmental Impact Statement NORTH AND SOUTH PASIG SEWERAGE SY STEM PROJECT

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ADB Asian Development Bank BOD Biochemical oxygen demand DAO DENR Administrative Order DENR Department of Environment and Natural Resources DO Dissolved oxygen DOH Department of Health ECC Environmental Compliance Certificate EIA Environmental impact assessment EIS Environmental impact statement EMB Environmental Management Bureau FGD Focus group discussion KII Key informant interview LGU Local government unit MMDA Metro Manila Development Authority MGB Mines and Geosciences Bureau MLD Million liters per day MPN Most probable number MSSP Manila Second Sewerage Project MTSP Manila Third Sewerage Project MVFS Marikina Valley Fault System MWCI Manila Water Company, Inc. MWSI Maynilad Water Services, Inc. MWSS Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System NCR National Capital Region NMTT Navotas-Malabon-Tullahan-Tinajeros NSO National Statistics Office O&G Oil and grease PAGASA Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, Astronomical Agency ' PFW Participatory focused workshop PFZ Philippine Fault Zone Phivolcs Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology PRUMS Pasig River Unified Monitoring Stations SpTP Septage treatment plant SS Suspended solids STP Sewage treatment plant TSS Total suspended solids VFS Valley Fault System WB World Bank

21 Page Environmental Impact Statement NORTH AND SOUTH PASIG SEWERAGE SYSTEM PROJECT

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

PROJECT FACT SHEET

Name of Project NORTH AND SOUTH PASIG SEWERAGE SYSTEM PROJECT

Location Pasig City

Type of Project Construction of a sewerage system within Pasig River basin

Objective To expand sewerage service coverage in the project area leading to reduction in pollution load discharges into the Pasig River

Project Components 165 MLD STP in Sitio lIugin, Barangay Pinagbuhatan, Pasig 64 kilometers of combined sewer-drainage network consisting of 250 mm t01 ,650mm diameter interceptor pipes 56 interceptor boxes 11 pumping stations

Estimated Project Cost Php 8 Billion

Project Proponent Manila Water Company, Inc.

Business Address MWSS Administration Building 489 Katipunan Road, Balara, Quezon City 1105 Philippines

Trunkline (632) 917-5900 or (632) 981-8100

Email info@manilawater.com

Authorized Representatives: Mark Tom Q. Mulingbayan Head, Environment Department

Princess Jennifer P. Patricio Program Manager Program Management Department

EIA Consultant: Engr. Cherry B. Rivera Environmental Consultant Telephone: 951-6598

31 Page Environmenta l Impact Statement NORTH AND SOUTH PASIG SEWERAGE SYSTE M PROJECT

INTRODUCTION

Rapid urbanization of the Philippines is putting enormous strain on the ability of the country to provideadequate infrastructure, social services, and suitable urban environmental infrastructure to address waterquality problems. The surface waters in Metro Manila suffer from deterioration due to inadequate programsand infrastructures to control water pollution. DENR monitoring reports indicate that the major waterwaysin Metro Manila consisting of Pasig River, Marikina River, Navotas-Malabon-Tullahan-Tinajeros (NMTT)River, Paranaque River, San Juan River, Laguna Lake, and Manila Bay are polluted because of disposal ofuntreated and partially treated wastes to these water bodies.

Of the major rivers in Metro Manila, the Pasig River has become the focus of a number of riverrehabilitation programs and projects by the Government and the private sector. Th is is so because PasigRiver is the main watercourse traversing Metro Manila through the cities and municipalities of Makati,Mandaluyong, Manila, Pasig, Marikina and Taguig . Oespite the river rehabilitation efforts for Pasig River,disposal of untreated or inadequately treated domestic wastewater remains to be a problem. The DENRreported that the Pasig River receives about 65% of pollution from domestic sources.

The Manila Water Company, Inc. (MWCI) developed a "Three River Master Plan" that aims to expandsewerage coverage service thereby helping improve the water quality conditions of the three major rivers inMetro Manila, namely, Marikina River, San Juan River, and Pasig River, with an end in view of eventuallyimproving the water quality of the receiving Manila Bay and Laguna Lake. One of the components of theMaster Plan is the improvement of sewerage and sanitation systems within the catchment area of PasigRiver which covers approximately 5,184 hectares. The Pasig River catchment area encompasses parts ofthe cities of Quezon to the north, Pasig at the center, Mandaluyorig and Manila on the northwest, Makati onthe southwest, and the municipalities of Taytay and Cainta in Rizal on the southeast.

The MWCI recognizes that adequate environmental protection and pollution controls are required to attainsustainable economic growth. The proposed project represents a major step in meeting the environmentalgoals set by the MWCI for the Three River Master Plan which is expected to reduce domestic waterpollution from the company's covered areas. The MWCI has constructed two sewerage systems within thePasig River catchment area through the Manila Third Sewerage Project (MTSP), i.e. (1) the PinedaCombined Sewerage System which serves two barangays in Pasig City and (2) the Poblacion CombinedSewerage System wh ich serves two barangays in Makati City. Both systems employ a combinedinterceptor system of sewage collection and activated sludge process for sewage treatment. There arealso some small on-site treatment facilities which are privately owned and others being maintained byMWCI. Excluding the small on-site sewage treatment plants (STPs) , the STPs in Pineda and in Poblacionhave a combined treatment capacity of 16,000 cum/day. 3Through the proposed project, an additional 165 MLD (or 165,000 m per day) of wastewater will be treatedprior to discharge into the Pasig River. The project is projected to reduce pollution load by as much as 126,400 kg BOD/day by providing access to about 61 % of households of Pasig City to the seweragesystem. The components of the proposed project include a STP in lIugin, Barangay Pinagbuhatan, PasigCity, combined drainage-sewer networks/conveyance system, interceptor boxes, and pumping stations.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

A. Project LocationThe proposed North and South Pasig Sewerage System project covers a sub-catchment area of 3,443hectares of the Pasig River. This sub-catchment area includes Pasig City, portions of Mandaluyong Cityand Quezon City, and the municipalities of Cainta and Taguig . The catchment area is bounded on thenorth and northwest by EDSA and Katipunan Avenue , on the west and southwest by Pasig River, on theeast by Manggahan Floodway, and on the south by Laguna Lake.

1 Feasibility Study of the Pasig River Catchment Sewerage Project

41 Page Environmental Impact Statement NORTH AND SOUTH PAStG SEWERAGE SVffiM PROJECT

Figure 1. The Pasig River Catchment Area Source: Feasibility Study of Pasig River Sewerage Catchment

A proposed STP will be constructed in a property owned by MWCI covering an area of 50,000 square meters. The said property is adjacent to the lIugin River, which drains into the Napindan and Pasig River.. The site is accessible to vehicles from the main road of M.H. del Pilar St. through Abeza St. The STP site is approximately centered by geographic coordinates 14 33' 15.64" north latitude and 12105' 43.09" east longitude.

Figure 2 shows the immediate vicinity of the STP site. A more detailed map appears in Annex I showing the STP and sewer network layout and land zoning.

51 Page Manila waler~~ NORTH AND SOUTH PASIG SEWERAGE SYSTEM PROJECT Environmental Impact Statement

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~Iit !11. !it ~ ::J Alert Action Limit Alert Action LimitCONSTRUCTION PHASE ContractorDustgeneration Air quality Dust emission observation Daily Construction sites Php50,OOO " Observe dust emission TSPIPM Water sprinkling CM limits for TSPTraffic Air quality Dust observation daily Construction contractor Php10,OOO Traffic mgt CM sites measures limits Safety hazards

Noise Noise Noise levels observation daily Construction contractor - Excessive Noise PO 984 sites noise standards contractorConstructionhazards Safety Implementation of safety guidelines observation daily Construction sites Php100,OOO " No injuries or deaths Implement safety guidelines DOLE reqts

contractorDisposal ofconstructionwastes Solid wastes Volume of construction wastes estimation daily Construction sites Phpl00,OOO " Proper segregation Cleanlinessl orderliness onsite Waste segregation

generated contractorRunoff ofsediments Water pollution Turbidity of stormwater runoff observation Rainfall events Construction sites Php50,OOO " Cleaning of gutters and canals Observed mud accumulation on QuttersOPERATIONAL PHASEGeneration Water BOD, COD, Effluent Weekly Effluent of PCO P500,OOO Non- Maintenance DA035 Sampling & DA035 pollution DO, TSS, pH, sampling in STP per yr confomnance and STPof sewage with stds adjustment of maintenance OIG, total and accordance fecal coliform, facilities with DA035 free chlorine

Discharge of Improvement DO, pH, temp., River Quarterly Upstream PCO Php50,OOOtreated ofPasig total and fecal sampling in and peryrwastewater River coliform, BOD, accordance downstream SS,O/G with DAO 34 ofSTP site

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~~ Environmental Impact Statement NORTH AND SOUTH PASIG SEWERAGE SYSTEM PROJECT

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Odor Air pollution Foul odor Observation Daily STP site PCO - Foul odor Check facilitiesGeneration STP Sludge PhysiCO- Laboratory Semi- STP site, PCo Php50,000 Non- Check DA and DOH Contract DARof sludge chemical analysis annual Sludge per conformance sludge guidelines on with hauler guidelines contractors sampling with DAR processing land (site) stds application

Solid waste Solid waste Vol of solid measurement daily Waste PCO Php50,000 Regular RA 9003 Contract RA 9003generation waste segregation peryr collection with hauler generated area by hauler

Hazardous Hazardous Qty of measurement quarterly Waste PCO Php20,000 Collection RA6969waste waste hazardous segregation peryr by TSDgeneration waste area facility generated ~-- ~-- L __ ~--

261 P ageManila Water~"'- Environmental Impact Statement NORTH AND SOUTH PASIG SEWERAGE SYSTEM PROJECT

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING FUND AND ENVIRONMENTAL GUARANTEE FUNDFunds shall be allocated for the implementation of the Environmental Management Plan and EnvironmentalMonitoring Action Plan, as indicated in the estimated budget. In addition, a Third Party Audit consultant shallbe commissioned to assess the implementation of the environmental management commitments of theproposed project. The estimated budget of the EMF to be shouldered by MWCI is PhP 300,000 per yearduring the construction phase and PhP 700,000 per year during the operational phase.

An Environmental Guarantee Fund (EGF) will be set-up in the event of extreme event of damage to propertyand life caused by the project. The EGF will have an estimated budget of PhP 200,000. In the absence of aspecific DENR guideline for the determination of the amount of the EGF, the fund set-up for the Manila ThirdSewerage Project (MTSP) was used as basis in estimating the EGF for this project. The EGF will be set-up ina bank or third party fund manager, based on agreement with the DENR, and shall be replenished asnecessary.

271 P age MANILA WATER COMPANY, INC.

NORTH AND SOUTH PASIGSEWERAGE SYSTEM PROJECTENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT METRO MANILA WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT PRO,IECT (MWMP) 11/10 12011 Environmental Impact Statement NORTH AND SOUTH PASIG SEWERAGE SYSTEM PROJECT

CONTENTSExecutive Summary ................................................................................................................................ 7 Project Fact Sheet ............................................................................................................................... 7 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 8 Brief Description of the Project ............................................................................................................ 8 A. Project Location ................................................................................................................... 8 B. Project Components .......................................................................................................... 11 C. Project Rationale ............................................................................................................... 11 D. Project Cost ....................................................................................................................... 11 E. Project Phases .................................................................................................................. 11 F. Types and Estimated Generation Rate of Major Waste Streams .......................................... 12 Summary of Project's EIA Process ................................................................................................... 12 A. Description of Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework ............................................. 12 B. Organization and Structure of the EIS Report .................................................................. 13 C. EIA Team .......................................................................................................................... 14 D. EIA Study Schedule .......................................................................................................... 14 E. EIA Study Area .................................................................................................................. 14 F. EIA Methodology .................................................................................................................... 15 G. Public Participation ............................................................................................................ 17 Summary of Baseline Characterization ............................................................................................. 18 Key Environmental Impacts ............................................................................................................... 21 A. Benefits ............................................................................................................................. 21 B. Adverse Impacts and Associated Mitigating Measures .................................................... 21 Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan ............................................................................ 21 Summary of Impact Assessment and Environmental Management Plan ......................................... 22 Summary of Environmental Monitoring Plan ..................................................................................... 30 Environmental Monitoring Fund and Environmental Guarantee Fund .............................................. 321. Project Background and Rationale ................................................................................................ 33 1.1 Sewerage and Sanitation Programs of MWCI... ..................................................................... 33 1.1.1 Manila Second Sewerage Project (MSSP) ....................................................................... 33 1.1.2 Pasig River Rehabilitation Program (PRRP) ..................................................................... 33 1.1.3 Manila Third Sewerage Project (MTSP) ........................................................................... 34 1.1.4 2008 Rate Rebasing ......................................................................................................... 34 1.1.5 Marikina River Basin Sewerage Master Plan .................................................................... 34 1.1.6 Three River Master Plan ................................................................................................... 342. Project Description ...................................................................................................... ,.................. 35 2.1 Project Location and Area ...................................................................................................... 35 2.2 Project Rationale .................................................................................................................... 37 2.3 Project Alternatives ................................................................................................................. 37 2.3.1 Without Project Alternative ................................................................................................ 37 2.3.2 Siting Alternative ............................................................................................................... 37 2.3.3 Sewerage Alternatives ...................................................................................................... 38 2.3.3.1 Potential Integration of Existing Facilities in Proposed Project.. ............................... 38 2.3.3.2 Sewer Network .......................................................................................................... 39 2.3.3.3 Sewage Treatment Options ...................................................................................... 39 2.3.3.4 Sludge Management ................................................................................................. 40 2.3.3.5 Odor Control .............................................................................................................. 41 2.3.3.6 Disinfection ................................................................................................................41 2.3.3.7 Optioneering for Outfall Route .................................................................................. 43 2.3.4 Evaluation Criteria .............................................................................................................43 2.3.4.1 Social Acceptability ................................................................................................... 43 2.3.4.2 Implementation Schedule and Risks ......................................................................... 44 2.3.4.3 Environmental and Health Benefits ........................................................................... 44 2.4 Project Development Plan, Process Technology and Project Components ......................... .45 2.4.1 Pollution Load .................................................................................................................... 45 2.4.2 Sewage Characteristics .................................................................................................... 45 2.4.3 Sewer Network and Conveyance ...................................................................................... 46

11 P age Environmental Impact Statement NORTH AND SOUTH PASIG SEWERAGE SYSTEM PROJECT

2.4.4 Sewage Conveyance, Force Mains, Pump Stations, and Interceptors ............................. 47 2.4.5 Sewage Treatment ............................................................................................................ 48 2.4.5.1 Preliminary Treatment System ................................................................................. .48 2.4.5.2 Biological Treatment ................................................................................................. 48 2.4.5.3 Sludge Handling and Treatment ............................................................................... 49 2.4.5.4 Disinfection ................................................................................................................ 49 2.4.5.5 Odor Control .............................................................................................................. 50 2.4.5.6 Amenities, Equipment and Machinery ....................................................................... 52 2.5 Description of Project Phases (Activities/Environmental Aspects, Associates Wastes and Built-in Pollution Control Measures) .................................................................................................. 53 2.5.1 Pre-Construction/Pre-Operational Phase ......................................................................... 53 2.5.2 Construction/Development Phase ..................................................................................... 53 2.5.2.1 Staging Area and Temporary Facilities ................................................ ,.................... 54 2.5.2.2 Site Clearing at lIugin STP ........................................................................................ 54 2.5.2:3 Fencing and Safety of Adjacent Structures ............................................................... 54 2.5.2.4 Excavation and Riverbank Protection ....................................................................... 54 2.5.2.5 Construction Wastes and Management Measures ................................................... 55 2.5.3 Operational Phase ............................................................................................................. 55 2.5.3.1 Waste Production and Management Scheme During Operational Phase ................ 55 2.5.4 Abandonment Phase ......................................................................................................... 55 2.6 Manpower Requirements ....................................................................................................... 55 2.7 Project Cost ............................................................................................................................ 563 Analysis of Key Environmental Impacts ......................................................................................... 57 3.1 Land ........................................................................................................................................ 57 3.1.1 Land Use and Classification .............................................................................................. 57 3.1.1.1 Affected Households and Structures at Proposed STP Site ..................................... 57 3.1.1.2 Affected Structures along Sewer Network ................................................................ 58 3.1.2 Topography .......................................................................................................................61 3.1.3 Geology ............................................................................................................................. 61 3.1.4 Tectonic Setting ................................................................................................................. 63 3.1.4.1 Geologic Hazards .......................................................................................................... 65 A Ground Rupture and Excavation ................................................................................... 65 B. Damage to Adjacent Properties .................................................................................... 65 C. Liquefaction and Differential Settlement ....................................................................... 65 3.1.5 Terrestrial and Freshwater -Biology ................................................................................... 66 3.2 The Water ......... :..................................................................................................................... 67 3.2.1 Hydrology .......................................................................................................................... 67 3.2.2 Water Quality ..................................................................................................................... 72 3.2.2.1 Surface Water Quality ............................................................................................... 72 3.2.3 Groundwater. ..................................................................................................................... 76 3.3 The Air .................................................................................................................................... 77 3.3.1 Meteorology ....................................................................................................................... 77 3.3.1.1 Cyclone Frequency ................................................................................................... 77 3.3.1.2 Rainfall ...................................................................................................................... 77 3.3.1.3 Winds ........................................................................................................................ 79 3.3.1.4 Temperature .............................................................................................................. 79 3.3.2 Air Quality .......................................................................................................................... 80 3.3.3 Noise ................................................................................................................................. 81 3.4 The People ............................................................................................................................. 83 3.4.1 Economic Activities ........................................................................................................... 84 3.4.2 Housing ............................................................................................................................. 84 3.4.3 Health ................................................................................................................................ 84 3.4.4 Solid Waste Management ................................................................................................. 84 3.4.5 Traffic ................................................................................................................................ 84 3.4.6 Resource Use Competition ............................................................................................... 86 3.4.6.1 Power Supply ......: ..................................................................................................... 86 3.4.6.2 Water Supply ............................................................................................................. 86 3.5 Public PartiCipation and Disclosure ........................................................................................ 86 3.5.1 Public Consultation ............................................................................................................ 86 3.5.2 Focus Group Discussions and Key Informant Interviews ................................................. 88

21Page Environmental Impact Statement NORTH AND SOUTH PASIG SEWERAGE SYSTEM PROJECT

3.5.2.1 Problems ofthe Community as cited by Participants to the FGDs and KIL ............. 88 3.5.2.2 Issues and Concerns About the Project during the FGDs and KII. ........................... 88 A Perceived Benefits of the Project .................................................................................. 88 B. Perceived Negative Effects of the ProjecL .................................................................. 89 3.5.3 Future Public Participation Plans ...................................................................................... 90 3.6 Impact Prediction and Evaluation ........................................................................................... 90 3.6.1 Summary of Predicted Impact... ........................................................................................ 90 3.6.2 Future Environmental Issues with the ProjecL ................................................................ 91 3.6.2.1 Benefits of the Project.. ............................................................................................. 91 A Water Quality Improvement .......................................................................................... 91 B. Improvement of Health and Sanitation .......................................................................... 92 C. Control of Potential Contamination of Water Supply System ....................................... 92 D. Direct Commercial Benefits ........................................................................................... 92 3.6.2.2 Impacts during Pre-Construction ............................................................................... 93 3.6.2.3 Impacts during Construction ..................................................................................... 93 A Impacts on Air Quality ................................................................................................... 93 B. Impacts on Water Quality .............................................................................................. 93 C. Potential Spill and Leakage of Oil ................................................................................. 94 D. Impact of Solid Wastes and Construction Wastes ........................................................ 94 E. Impact of Noise and Vibration ....................................................................................... 94 F. Impact on Ecological Environment.. .............................................................................. 95 G. Impact on Traffic ............................................................................................................ 95 3.6.3.2 Impacts during Operation .......................................................................................... 96 A Changes in Hydrology and Impact on Flooding ...................................... :..................... 96 B. Generation of solid waste and screenings .................................................................... 97 C. Odor .............................................................................................................................. 97 D. Impact on Air Quality ..................................................................................................... 97 E. Noise ............................................................................................................................. 97 F. Effluent and Sludge Disposal ........................................................................................ 97 G. Impact of Use of Sludge as Soil Conditioner ......................... :...................................... 98 H. Chlorine Hazard ............................................................................................................ 98 3.6.3.3 Socio-Economic Impacts ........................................................................................... 98 3.6.4 Future Environmental Issues without the ProjecL. ........................................................... 984 Environmental Management Plan ................................................................................................ 100 5.1 Impacts Management Plan ................................................................................................... 100 5.2 Measures During the Construction Phase ............................................................................ 105 5.2.1 Control of Dust ............................................ :................................................................... 105 5.2.2 Noise and Vibration Control ............................................................................................ 106 5.2.3 Sanitation and Water Pollution Control ........................................................................... 106 5.2.4 Construction Safety and Management Plan ................................................................... 106 5.2.5 Traffic Management Plan ................................................................................................ 106 5.2.6 Construction Waste Management Plan .......................................................................... 108 5.3 Measures During the Operational Phase ............................................................................. 108 5.3.1 Protection of STP and Adjacent Areas Against Flooding ................................................ 108 5.3.2 Management of Screenings ............................................................................................ 109 5.3.3 Odor Control .................................................................................................................... 109 5.3.4 Control ............................................................................................................................. 110 5.3.5 Sludge Management Plan ............................................................................................... 110 5.3.6 Handling of Chlorine ........................................................................................................ 111 5.3.7 Traffic Management ........................................................................................................ 111 5.4 Social Development Program ............................................................................................... 111 5.5 Information Education Campaign (IEC) Framework ............................................................. 112 5.6 Environmental Compliance Monitoring ................................................................................. 113 5.6.1 Self-Monitoring Plan ........................................................................................................ 114 5.6.2 Multi-Sector Monitoring Framework ................................................................................ 114 5.6.3 Environmental Guarantee and Monitoring Fund ................................................................ 117 5.7 Emergency Response Policy and Generic Guidelines ............................................................. 117 5.8 Abandonment! Decommissioning I Rehabilitation Policies and Generic Guidelines .......... 117 5.9 Institutional Plan for EMP Implementation ........................................................................... 1186 References ................................................................................................................................... 120

31Page Environmental Impact Statement NORTH AND SOUTH PASIG SEWERAGE SYSTEM PROJECT

Annexes .............................................................................................................................................. 121

TABLES. Table 1. EIA Team ..................................................................................................................................... 14 Table 2. Generic EIA Approach and Data Sources ................................................................................... 16 Table 3. Sewerage Systems Turned-Over to MWCI ................................................................................. 33 Table 4. Delineated Sub-Catchments of Pasig River ................................................................................ 35 Table 5. Biological Treatment Options ....................................................................................................... 39 Table 6. Odor Control Options ................................................................................................................... 41 Table 7. Selected Disinfection Design Criteria ........................................................................................... 42 Table 8. Calculated BOD Load within Catchment Area ............................................................................. 45 Table 9. Incoming Sewage Characteristics for North and South Pasig Sewerage System Project ......... .45 Table 10. Details of Sewage Collection System ........................................................................................47 Table 11. Details of Pumping Stations ....................................................................................................... 47 Table 13. Effluent Standards for the Proposed STP .................................................................................. 49 Table 14. Components of the STP ............................................................................................................. 50 Table 15. General Land Use within Pasig River Catchment... ................................................................... 57 Table 16. Creeks and Canals at North and South Pasig Catchment Area ................................................ 71 Table 17. Measured Flow and Estimated Dry Weather Flow (DWF) ......................................................... 72 Table 18. Water Quality of Waterbodies In the Vicinity ofthe STP site ..................................................... 72 Table 19. Average Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) at Pasig River (2010) ....................................... 74 Table 20. Average Dissolved Oxygen (DO) at Pasig River (2010) ............................................................ 75 Table 21. Average Total Coliform at Pasig River (2010) ........................................................................... 75 Table 22. Climatological normals recorded at PAGASA, Science Garden Station ................................... 78 Table 23. Climatological extremes recorded at PAGASA, Science Garden Station ................................. 79 Table 24. Public Storm Signals for tropical cyclones ................................................................................. 79 Table 25. Ambient Air Sampling Methodology ........................................................................................... 80 Table 26. Description of Sampling Locations ............................................................................................. 80 Table 27. Ambient Air Quality Sampling Results ....................................................................................... 80 Table 28. Noise Sampling Results ............................................................................................................. 81 Table 29. City I Municipal Population and Growth Rates .......................................................................... 83 Table 30. Population Covered by the Pasig River Catchment Area .......................................................... 83 Table 31. PrOjected Population per Sub-Catchment ................................................................................. 83 Table 32. Summary of Issues during the May 24, 2010 Project Presentation Meeting ............................. 87 Table 33. Summary Issues and Concerns during the April 15, 2011 Public Consultation ........................ 87 Table 34. List of Potential Impacts ............................................................................................................. 90 Table 35. Expected Noise Levels from Construction Equipment, dB(A) ................................................... 94 Table 36. Environmental Quality Standards for Noise in General Areas ..................................................... 95 Table 37. Impacts Management Plan ...................................................................................................... 100 Table 38. Typical Sludge Quality from Existing STPs of MWCI .............................................................. 110 Table 39. IEC Program - North and South Pasig Sewerage System Project.. ....................................... 113 Table 40. Critical Parameters/Regulations that require Monitoring/Compliance ..................................... 113 Table 41. Environmental Monitoring Plan ... ,............................................................................................. 115

FIGURES Figure 1. The Pasig River Catchment Area ................................................................................................. 9 Figure 4. Sub-catchments ofthe Pasig River Basin .................................................................................. 36 Figure 5. Option 2 : Effluent Line Crossing lIugin River Towards Napindan River .................................... 44 Figure 6. Option 3: Effluent Line along Public Roads Towards Napindan River ....................................... 44 Figure 7. Proposed Sewer Network ........................................................................................................... 47 Figure 8. Interceptor box details ................................................................................................................ 48 Figure 9. STP Process Flow Diagram ........................................................................................................ 49

41 Pa ge Environmental Impact Statement NORTH AND SOUTH PASIG SEWERAGE SYSTEM PROJECT

Figure 10. Conceptual Layout of the lIugin STP ........................................................................................ 53Figure 11. Implementation Schedule ......................................................................................................... 54Figure 12. Land Use Map of Pasig River Catchment ................................................................................ 58Figure 13. Location of sensitive receptors in the vicinity of the project site ............................................... 59Figure 14. Potentially Affected Structures within vicinity of E. Rodriguez Avenue (C-5) ........................... 59Figure 15. Potentially affected structures within vicinity of C-5 and C. Raymundo Avenue ...................... 60Figure 16. Potentially affected structures within vicinity of Jenny's Avenue .............................................. 60Figure 17. Potentially affected structures leading to proposed STP site ................................................... 61Figure 18. Topographic Map ...................................................................................................................... 62Figure 19. Regional Geological Formation in Metro Manila ....................................................................... 63Figure 20. West Valley Fault System ......................................................................................................... 64Figure 21. Liquefaction Potential ............................................................................................................... 66Figure 22. Cross-Section of Napindan River ............................................................................................. 69Figure 23. Natural Drainage Map ............................................................................................................... 70Figure 24. Canals and Creeks at North and South Pasig Catchment ....................................................... 71Figure 25. Flood Situation during Typhoon Ondoy" .................................................................................. 74Figure 26. Water Quality Monitoring Stations at Pasig River..................................................................... 76Figure 27. Climate Map (A) and Cyclone Map (B) of the Philippines ........................................................ 78Figure 28. Location of Ambient Air and Noise Sampling Stations ............................................................. 82Figure 29. Major roads affected during the construction of the proposed sewer network .......................... 85Figure 30. Flashing Arrow Board ............................................................................................................. 107

ANNEXES A. Technical Scoping Checklist B. Minutes of Public Consultation dated May 24, 2010 C. Barangay Clearance D. Minutes of Public Consultation dated April 15, 2011 E. Deed of Absolute Sale of properties covered by TCT No. PT-140740 and 140253 F. PEMAPS G. Sworn Accountability Statement of Proponent H. Sworn Accountability Statement of Preparer I. Land Use Map and Sewer Network J. EHS Guidelines on Chlorine Handling K. Traffic Management Standards L. Minutes of Public Consultation dated October 28,2011

PHOTOGRAPH LOGPhoto 1. View of the proposed site of the STP from Abeza S1. ................................................................. 36Photo 2. Remaining structures of a former residential house inside the property ..................................... 36Photo 3. The lIugin River and the Republic Asahi Glass Plant at the southern section of the STP site ... 37Photo 4. Shrubland with patches of banana trees and ipil-ipil at the proposed site of the Ilugin STP ...... 66Photo 5. View ofthe adjacent lIugin River ................................................................................................. 70Photo 6. Ambient air quality and noise sampling ....................................................................................... 82

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ADB Asian Development Bank BOD Biochemical oxygen demand DAO DENR Administrative Order DENR Department of Environment and Natural Resources

51 Page Environmental Impact Statement NORTH AND SOUTH PASIG SEWERAGE SYSTEM PROJECT

DO Dissolved oxygenDOH Department of HealthECC Environmental Compliance CertificateEIA Environmental impact assessmentEIS Environmental impact statementEMB Environmental Management BureauFGD Focus group discussionKII Key informant interviewLGU Local govemment unitMMDA Metro Manila Development AuthorityMGB Mines and Geosc,iences BureauMLD Million liters per dayMPN Most probable numberMSSP Manila Second Sewerage ProjectMTSP Manila Third Sewerage ProjectMVFS Marikina Valley Fault SystemMWCI Manila Water Company, Inc.MWSI Maynilad Water Services, Inc.MWSS Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage SystemNCR National Capital RegionNMTT Navotas-Malabon-Tullahan-TinajerosNSO National Statistics OfficeO&G Oil and greasePAGASA Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical. Astronomical AgencyPFW Participatory focused workshopPFZ Philippine Fault ZonePhivolcs Philippine Institute of Volcanology and SeismologyPRUMS Pasig River Unified Monitoring StationsSpTP Septage treatment plantSS Suspended solidsSTP Sewage treatment plantTSS Total suspended solidsVFS Valley Fault SystemWB World Bank

61Page Environmental Impact Statement NORTH AND SOUTH PASIG SEWERAGE SYSTEM PROJECT

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

PROJECT FACT SHEET

Name of Project NORTH AND SOUTH PASIG SEWERAGE SYSTEM PROJECT

Location Pasig City

Type of Project Construction of a sewerage system within Pasig River basin

Objective To expand sewerage service coverage in the project area leading to reduction in pollution load discharges into the Pasig River

Project Components 165 MLD STP in Sitio lIugin, Barangay Pinagbuhatan, Pasig 64 kilometers of combined sewer-drainage network consisting of 250 mm t01,650mm diameter interceptor pipes 56 interceptor boxes 11 pumping stations

Estimated Project Cost Php 8 Billion

Project Proponent Manila Water Company, Inc.

Business Address MWSS Administration Building 489 Katipunan Road, Balara, Quezon City 1105 Philippines

Trunkline (632) 917-5900 or (632) 981-8100

Email info@manilawater.com

Authorized Representatives: Mark Tom Q. Mulingbayan Head, Environment Department

Princess Jennifer P. Patricio Program Manager Program Management Department

EIA Consultant: Engr. Cherry B. Rivera Environmental Consultant Telephone: 951-6598

71 P age Environmental Impact Statement NORTH AND SOUTH PASIG SEWERAGE SYSTEM PROJECT

INTRODUCTION

Rapid urbanization of the Philippines is putting enormous strain on the ability of the country to provideadequate infrastructure, social services, and suitable urban environmental infrastructure to address waterquality problems. The surface waters in Metro Manila suffer from deterioration due to inadequate programsand infrastructures to control water pollution. DENR monitoring reports indicate that the major waterwaysin Metro Manila consisting of Pasig