B GIO DC V O TO

TRNG I HC NGOI THNG

V TH THANH NHN

PHT TRIN HOT NG KINH DOANH DCH V LOGISTICS

CHO CC DOANH NGHIP GIAO NHN VN TI VIT NAM

TRN TH TRNG MIN NAM VIT NAM

LUN VN THC S QUN TR KINH DOANH

H NI - 2011

B GIO DC V O TO

TRNG I HC NGOI THNG

V TH THANH NHN

PHT TRIN HOT NG KINH DOANH DCH V LOGISTICS

CHO CC DOANH NGHIP GIAO NHN VN TI VIT NAM

TRN TH TRNG MIN NAM VIT NAM

CHUYN NGNH: QUN TR KINH DOANH

M S : 60.34.05

LUN VN THC S QUN TR KINH DOANH

NGI HNG DN KHOA HC:

TS. TRN S LM

H NI - 2011

LI CAM OAN

Em l V Th Thanh Nhn Hc vin Cao hc lp QTKD K6.2 Trng

i hc Ngoi Thng xin cam oan nh sau:

ti Lun vn Pht trin hot ng kinh doanh dch v logistics cho

cc doanh nghip giao nhn vn ti Vit Nam trn th trng min Nam Vit

Nam hon ton do em t nghin cu trn c s s hng dn ca Thy gio

TS. Trn S Lm, tham kho cc ti liu c lin quan v thu thp cc thng tin ca

doanh nghip giao nhn vn ti hot ng trn a bn min Nam Vit Nam.

Em xin cam oan Lun vn ny khng sao chp ca bt c tc gi no khc.

H Ni, ngy .thng .nm 2011

Hc vin

V Th Thanh Nhn

iii

MC LC

LI M U ............................................................................................................ 1

CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V DCH V LOGISTICS V NH CUNG

CP DCH V LOGISTICS ................................................................................... 4

1.1 TNG QUAN V LOGISTICS ........................................................................... 4

1.1.1. Khi nim logistics ........................................................................................... 4

1.1.2. Phn loi logistics ............................................................................................. 6

1.1.2.1. Theo hnh thc .............................................................................................. 7

1.1.2.2. Theo phm vi .................................................................................................. 7

1.1.2.3. Theo lnh vc .................................................................................................. 8

1.2. TNG QUAN V DCH V LOGISTICS V NH CUNG CP DCH

V LOGISTICS (LSP) ............................................................................................... 9

1.2.1. Khi nim dch v logistics .............................................................................. 9

1.2.2. Vai tr ca dch v logistics ........................................................................... 10

1.2.3. Phn loi dch v logistics .............................................................................. 13

1.2.3.1. Theo phn loi ca WTO ............................................................................. 13

1.2.3.2. Theo qui nh ca Lut Thng mi ............................................................ 13

1.2.3.3. Theo ni dung dch v .................................................................................. 14

2.1.4. Nh cung cp dch v logistics ( LSP) ........................................................... 17

2.1.4.1. Khi nim nh cung cp logistics (LSP) ...................................................... 17

2.1.4.2. Phn loi nh cung cp dch v logistics (LSP) .......................................... 17

1.3. XU HNG PHT TRIN CA NGNH DCH V LOGISTICS .............. 18

CHNG 2: THC TRNG PHT TRIN HOT NG KINH

DOANH DCH V LOGISTICS CA CC DOANH NGHIP GIAO

NHN VN TI VIT NAM TRN TH TRNG MIN NAM VIT

NAM ......................................................................................................................... 25

iv

2.1. TNG QUAN V DCH V LOGISTICS TRN TH TRNG MIN

NAM VIT NAM THI GIAN QUA ...................................................................... 25

2.1.1. Tng quan v min Nam Vit Nam ............................................................... 25

2.1.1.1. Thnh ph H Ch Minh .............................................................................. 26

2.1.1.2. Tnh Bnh Dng .......................................................................................... 28

2.1.1.3. Tnh ng Nai .............................................................................................. 30

2.1.1.4. Tnh B Ra Vng Tu ............................................................................... 32

2.1.2. Thc trng hot ng logistics trn th trng min Nam Vit Nam ............ 33

2.1.2.1. Thnh ph H Ch Minh .............................................................................. 33

2.1.2.2. Tnh Bnh Dng .......................................................................................... 35

2.1.2.3. Tnh ng Nai .............................................................................................. 36

2.1.2.4. Tnh B Ra Vng Tu ............................................................................... 37

2.2. THC TRNG HOT NG KINH DOANH CA CC DOANH

NGHIP GNVT VIT NAM TRN TH TRNG MIN NAM VIT NAM

TRONG THI GIAN QUA ...................................................................................... 38

2.2.1. Thc trng v hot ng kinh doanh ca cc doanh nghip GNVT Vit

Nam trn th trng min Nam Vit Nam ................................................................ 38

2.2.2. Mt s doanh nghip GNVT Vit Nam tham gia kinh doanh dch v

logistics trn th trng min Nam ........................................................................... 41

2.2.2.1. Cng ty c phn Dch v Vn ti Si Gn (Tranaco) .................................. 41

2.2.2.2. Cng ty c phn Kho vn Giao nhn Ngoi thng (Transimex Si Gn) .... 42

2.2.2.3. Cng ty C phn Giao nhn Vn ti v Thng mi (Vinalink) ................. 45

2.2.2.4. Nhm cc cng ty GNVT va v nh ........................................................... 46

2.2.3. nh gi thc trng hot ng kinh doanh dch v logistics ca cc

doanh nghip GNVT Vit Nam trn th trng min Nam Vit Nam ..................... 48

2.2.3.1. im mnh ................................................................................................... 48

2.2.3.2. im yu ...................................................................................................... 49

v

CHNG 3: GII PHP PHT TRIN HOT NG KINH DOANH

DCH V LOGISTICS CA CC DOANH NGHIP GIAO NHN VN

TI VIT NAM TRN TH TRNG MIN NAM VIT NAM ................... 55

3.1. NH HNG PHT TRIN KINH T - X HI KHU VC MIN

NAM VIT NAM ..................................................................................................... 55

3.1.1. nh hng pht trin kinh t - x hi khu vc min Nam ........................... 55

3.1.2. nh hng pht trin ngnh GTVT, ngnh CNTT v ngnh Hi quan

khu vc min Nam Vit Nam ................................................................................... 59

3.2. NH HNG V C HI - THCH THC PHT TRIN DCH V

LOGISTICS CHO CC DOANH NGHIP GNVT KHU VC PHA NAM VIT

NAM .......................................................................................................................... 61

3.2.1. nh hng pht trin dch v logistics ......................................................... 61

3.2.2. Xu hng pht trin dch v logistics trn th trng min Nam .................. 64

3.2.2.1. TP H Ch Minh ........................................................................................... 64

3.2.2.2. Tnh Bnh Dng .......................................................................................... 66

3.2.2.3. Tnh ng Nai .............................................................................................. 67

3.2.2.4. Tnh B Ra Vng Tu ............................................................................... 68

3.2.3. C hi v thch thc pht trin dch v logistics cho cc doanh nghip

GNVT Vit Nam trn th trng min Nam ............................................................. 70

3.2.3.1. C hi ........................................................................................................... 70

3.2.3.2. Thch thc .................................................................................................... 72

3.3. CC GII PHP PHT TRIN HOT NG KINH DOANH DCH V

LOGISTICS CHO CC DOANH NGHIP GNVT VIT NAM TRN TH

TRNG MIN NAM ............................................................................................ 74

3.3.1. i vi cc doanh nghip GNVT Vit Nam .................................................. 74

3.3.2. i vi cc c quan qun l Nh nc .......................................................... 77

3.3.3. Cc gii php khc ......................................................................................... 80

KT LUN .............................................................................................................. 81

TI LIU THAM KHO ....................................................................................... 83

vi

DANH MC CC BNG V HNH

Bng Tn bng v hnh Trang

Bng 1-1: Bng xp hng 20 cng ty 3PL ton cu theo doanh thu nm 2008-2009 ...... 23

Bng 2-1: c tnh s lng container xut nhp ti cc KCN Bnh Dng (TEU) ....... 30

Bng 2-2: Kim ngch xut nhp khu tnh ng Nai nm 2010 ............................. 31

Bng 2-3: c tnh s lng container xut nhp ti cc KCN B Ra - Vng

Tu (TEU) ..................................................................................................... 33

Bng 2-4: Kt qu hot ng kinh doanh ca Transimex Si Gn nm 2010 .... 43

Bng 2-5: Cc cng ty thnh vin v lin doanh ca Transimex Si Gn ........... 44

Bng 2-6: Tng hp im mnh v im yu v dch v logistics cho cc

doanh nghip GNVT Vit Nam trn th trng min Nam .................... 53

Bng 3-1: D kin kim ngch xut nhp khu (Triu USD ..................................... 66

Hnh 3-1: Qui hoch pht trin cng nghip tnh B Ra Vng Tu n nm

2015 nh hng n nm 2020 .............................................................. 70

vii

DANH MC CC T VIT TT

ASEAN Hip hi cc quc gia ng Nam

(Association of Southeast Asia Nations )

CPI Ch s gi tiu dng (Consumer Price Index)

CSCMP Hi ng cc nh qun tr chui cung ng chuyn nghip

ECOSOC Hi ng kinh t x hi Lin hip quc

EU Lin Minh Chu u (European Union)

FDI u t trc tip nc ngoi (Foreign Direct Investment)

FIATA Lin on giao nhn th gii

FLC Hng nguyn container (Full Container Loaded)

GDP Tng sn phm quc ni (Gross Domestic Product)

GNVT Giao nhn vn ti

IMF Qy tin t quc t

MTO Vn ti a phng thc

LCL Hng l (Less Container Loaded)

LSP Nh cung cp dch v logistics (Logistics Services Provider)

LPI Ch s nng lc logistics (Logistics Performance Index)

SCM Qun tr chui cung ng

TP. HCM Thnh ph H Ch Minh

VCCI Phng Thng mi v Cng nghip Vit Nam

VIFFAS Hip hi giao nhn kho vn Vit Nam

VPA Hip hi cng Vit Nam (Vit Nam Seaports Association)

WCO T chc hi quan th gii (World Customs Organization)

WTO T chc thng mi th gii (World Trade Organization)

XNK Xut nhp khu

1

LI M U

1. Tnh cp thit ca ti nghin cu

Thp nin qua chng kin s hi nhp mnh m ca Vit Nam vi khu vc

v th gii. Nn kinh t Vit Nam pht trin nhanh chng vi tc tng

trng GDP bnh qun t 7,35% - thuc nhm pht trin cao nht khu vc

Chu Thi Bnh Dng. Vit Nam tr thnh im n ca cc dng vn

nc ngoi bi s hp dn ca mt th trng 88 triu dn, tim nng c v sc

tiu th v ngun lao ng gi r. Theo d bo ca B Cng Thng, trong 10

nm ti kim ngch xut nhp khu ca c nc s t ti 200 t USD th nhu cu s

dng dch v logistics li cng ln. Sau gn bn nm gia nhp WTO, Vit Nam

ang th hin s hi nhp ngy cng mnh m vo kinh t khu vc v quc t.

Cng vi nn kinh t Vit Nam pht trin nhanh chng, dch v thng mi

tng mnh v mt nn kinh t hi nhp su rng vo sn chi quc t, khu vc min

Nam Vit Nam l mt trong 3 khu vc ca t nc ng gp nhiu thnh tu v

pht trin kinh t - x hi cho s ln mnh ca c nc .V i v tr a l thun

li tr thnh im trung chuyn hng ha quc t khng ch phc v cho s

pht trin kinh t trong nc m cn c nhng li th pht trin vt ra khi

bin gii quc gia cng vi iu kin t nhin thun li cho pht trin kinh t - x

hi, khu vc min Nam hi t nhiu tim nng vi vic tp trung ng nht cc

vng kinh t trng im ca c nc. V vy, khu vc min Nam Vit Nam c

ng v Nh nc quan tm, h tr v nh hng pht trin kinh t - x hi hng

u.

Ngnh logistics c vai tr rt quan trng pht trin kinh t x hi. Logistics

ng gp quan trng vo qu trnh phn phi hng ha t ni sn xut n ngi

tiu dng v l cu ni thng mi ton cu. Logistics mi ch c quan tm u

t pht trin Vit Nam ni chung v min Nam ni ring cch y khong 10

nm nh vo qu trnh m ca kinh t quc t. Hot ng thng mi cng tng

mnh khi hi nhp ngy cng su rng s l mnh t mu m cho lnh vc

logistics pht trin. Tm quan trng v c hi pht trin dch v logistics th

2

trng Vit Nam ni chung v th trng min Nam ni ring c khng nh.

iu ng ni l ngun li ln t dch v ny hin khng nm trong tay cc doanh

nghip GNVT Vit Nam m ang chy v ti cc doanh nghip nc ngoi. Mt

ngun li ln trn sn nh cha c cc doanh nghip GNVT Vit Nam tn dng,

h ang l nhng ngi lm thu cho cc tp on nc ngoi. Cc doanh nghip

GNVT Vit Nam mi ch c mt phn rt nh trong ming bnh khng l v ang

ngy cng phnh to ca th trng dch v logistics. Trc vn mang tnh thi

cuc v cp thit nh vy nn em quyt nh chn ti: Pht trin hot ng

kinh doanh dch v logistics cho cc doanh nghip giao nhn vn ti Vit Nam

trn th trng min Nam Vit Nam lm ti Lun vn thc s chuyn ngnh

Qun tr kinh doanh.

2. Tnh hnh nghin cu

Cho n nay, c mt s ti nghin cu v dch v logistics nhng i

tng v phm vi nghin cu ca cc ti trc tp trung vo tnh hnh pht trin

dch v logistics ca cc doanh nghip GNVT Vit Nam trn c nc m cha c

ti no nghin cu v pht trin hot ng kinh doanh dch v logistics cho cc

doanh nghip GNVT Vit Nam trn th trng min Nam Vit Nam. V vy, ti

m em la chn l hon ton khng b trng lp vi cc ti nghin cu trc

y.

3. Mc ch nghin cu

Mc ch nghin cu ca ti l phn tch, nh gi hot ng logistics ca

cc doanh nghip GNVT Vit Nam trn th trng min Nam Vit Nam trn c s

xut c cc gii php pht trin dch v logistics ca cc doanh nghip

GNVT Vit Nam trn th trng min Nam Vit Nam.

4. Nhim v nghin cu

- Khi qut nhng vn l lun chung v dch v logistics, v cc nh cung cp

dch v logistics.

- Phn tch thc trng pht trin hot ng kinh doanh dch v logistics ca cc

doanh nghip giao nhn vn ti Vit Nam trn th trng min Nam Vit Nam.

3

- xut nhng gii php pht trin hot ng kinh doanh dch v logistics ca

cc doanh nghip giao nhn vn ti Vit Nam trn th trng min Nam Vit Nam.

5. i tng v phm vi nghin cu

- i tng nghin cu: Hot ng kinh doanh dch v logistics cho cc

doanh nghip GNVT Vit Nam trn th trng min Nam Vit Nam.

- Phm vi nghin cu: Tnh hnh pht trin dch v logistics v hot ng kinh

doanh dch v logistics ca cc doanh nghip GNVT Vit Nam trn th trng min

Nam nhng nm gn y v gii hn tp trung nghin cu ti 4 tnh, thnh ph trng

im: TP. HCM, Bnh Dng, ng Nai, B Ra Vng Tu.

6. Phng php nghin cu

Lun vn s dng nhiu phng php nghin cu khc nhau nh:

- Phng php tng hp v thng k phn tch.

- Phng php so snh.

- Phng php phn tch ma trn SWOT.

7. Kt cu ca Lun vn

Ngoi Li m u, Kt lun v Ti liu tham kho, Lun vn c kt cu

gm 3 Chng:

- Chng I: Tng quan v dch v logistics v cc nh cung cp dch v

logistics

- Chng II: Thc trng pht trin hot ng kinh doanh dch v logistics ca

cc doanh nghip giao nhn vn ti Vit Nam trn th trng min Nam Vit Nam.

- Chng III: Gii php pht trin hot ng kinh doanh dch v logistics cho

cc doanh nghip giao nhn vn ti Vit Nam trn th trng min Nam Vit Nam.

4

CHNG 1

TNG QUAN V DCH V LOGISTICS

V NH CUNG CP DCH V LOGISTICS

1.1 TNG QUAN V LOGISTICS

1.1.1. Khi nim logistics

Logistics l thut ng mi ch c s dng trong vi th k gn y,

nhng s tn ti ca logistics th ng hnh cng loi ngi t rt lu k t khi

con ngi bit tch tr, phn chia, trao i, vn chuyn nhng vt phm mnh lm

ra. Khong 2700 trc Cng Nguyn, k thut vn chuyn v x l nguyn vt liu

trong qu trnh xy dng kim t thp Ai Cp Giza cao 146 mt, nng 6 triu tn

qu l ng kinh ngc v chc chn phi c nhng gii php logistics hon ho m

chng ta cha th tm hiu ht. Nh pht minh ra tu c mi cho cng c quan

trng gii php vn chuyn trong chui hot ng logistics vo khong 300 nm

trc Cng Nguyn cng l mt mc lch s quan trng nh du s tn ti

logistics. Cn nhiu cc du mc nh du s pht trin logistics nh: Cng trnh

xy dng nh th Mezquita, Cordoba, Ty Ban Nha khong 700 nm sau Cng

Nguyn ni ting vi nhng mi vm theo kiu kin trc Hi Gio v 856 cy ct

lm t cc loi qu c ch tc v vn chuyn v t cc nc trn th gii; Nm

1500 dch v bu chnh vi cam kt giao hng ng hn ln u tin ra i ti Chu

u; Khong nhng nm 1800, ng c hi nc v cc ng dng ca n vo

phng tin vn ti ng b, ng st, ng thy m ra k nguyn pht

trin cho ngnh logistics; Phc v cho Chin tranh th gii ln th I v II, nhiu cc

gii php logistics c cc bn p dng rt hiu qu trong vic iu binh, vn

chuyn lng thc, kh ti, qun trang, qun phc

Thp nin 1970 1980 cc cng ty cung cp dch v logistics ngy cng xut

hin nhiu hn v m hnh Just-in-time c ngi Nht pht kin; Nhng nm

1990, th logistics nh du trn th trng thng mi qua vic ng dng cc

5

m hnh QR (Quick Response p ng nhanh), ECR (Efficient Consumer

Response p ng ngi tiu dng hiu nng).

Theo Hi ng kinh t x hi Lin hip quc (ECOSOC), qu trnh pht trin

ca logistics nhng nm gn y c chia thnh 3 giai on:

* Giai on 1: Phn phi vt cht (Physical Distribution): Giai on ny bt

u t nhng nm 60 70 ca th k XX. Vo thi k ny ngi ta quan tm n

vic qun l c h thng nhng hot ng c lin quan vi nhau m bo hiu

qu vic giao hng thnh phm v bn thnh phm. cho khch hng. l nhng

hot ng vn ti, phn phi, bo qun hng ha, qun l hng tn kho, bao b,

ng gi Nhng hot ng ny gi l phn phi vt cht.

* Giai on 2: H thng logistics (Logistics System): Din ra vo thp nin

1980s v 1990s ca th k XX vi im ni bt chnh l cc cng ty kt hp hai

mt: u vo (cung ng vt t) vi u ra (phn phi sn phm), nhm tit kim chi

ph, tng hiu qu ca qu trnh ny. S kt hp ny chnh l h thng logistics.

* Giai on 3: Qun tr chui cung ng (Supply Chain Management): Din

ra vo nhng nm cui ca th k XX cho ti nay. Khi nim bao trm mang tnh

chin lc l qun tr chui ni tip cc hot ng t ngi cung cp - ngi sn

xut v khch hng tiu dng sn phm cui cng vi cc gi tr gia tng nh to

lp v cung cp cc chng t lin quan, h thng theo di, kim tra lm gia tng gi

tr sn phm. D dng nhn thy khi nim ny s coi trng i tc, pht trin i

tc, kt hp gia doanh nghip sn xut kinh doanh vi ngi cung ng khch hng

cng nh nhng ngi lin quan ti h thng qun l nh cc cng ty vn ti, kho

bi v nhng ngi cung cp cng ngh thng tin.

C rt nhiu khi nim khc nhau v logistics trn th gii v c xy dng

cn c trn ngnh ngh v mc ch nghin cu v dch v logistics khc nhau, tuy

nhin, c th nu mt s khi nim ch yu sau:

Theo ti liu ca Lin Hip Quc (UNESCAP), khi nim logistics c

gii thch nh sau: Logistics c hiu l vic qun l dng chu chuyn v lu kho

nguyn vt liu, qu trnh sn xut, thnh phm v x l cc thng tin lin quan t

ni xut x n ni tiu th cui cng theo yu cu ca khch hng.

6

Theo Hi ng qun tr logistics Hoa K (CLM), nay i tn thnh Hi ng

cc nh qun tr chui cung ng chuyn nghip (The Council of Supply Chain

Management Professionals CSCMP), logistics l mt b phn ca dy chuyn

cung ng tin hnh lp ra k hoch, thc hin v kim sot cng vic chu chuyn,

lu kho hng ha, x l thng tin, cng vi cc dch v lin quan t a im xut

pht n ni tiu dng mt cch hiu lc, hiu qu nhm p ng yu cu ca

khch hng.

Logistics l mt qu trnh xy dng k hoch, cung cp v qun l vic chu

chuyn v lu kho c hiu qu hng ha, dch v v cc thng tin lin quan t ni

xut x n ni tiu th v mc tiu p ng nhu cu ca khch hng (i hc

Hng Hi th gii - World Maritime University, D. Lambert 1998)

Theo khi nim ca Lin hip quc s dng cho kha o to quc t v vn

ti a phng thc v qun tr logistics t chc ti i Hc Ngoi Thng H Ni

(thng 10/2002), logistics l hot ng qun l qu trnh lu chuyn nguyn vt liu

qua cc khu lu kho, sn xut ra sn phm cho ti tay ngi tiu dng theo yu

cu ca khch hng.

Theo Coyle, Bardi & Langley, logistics l phn qu trnh ca chui cung ng

gi vai tr lp k hoch, trin khai v kim sot hiu qu dng chy v vic ct gi

hng ha, dch v v cc thng tin lin quan t im ngun ti im tiu th vi

mc tiu tha mn nhu cu khch hng.

Ngoi ra, cn c cc cch nh ngha khc v logistics. Tuy nhin, qua cc

khi nim trn, c th thy logistics khng phi l mt hot ng n l m l mt

chui cc hot ng bao trm mi yu t to nn sn phm, l qu trnh lu kho,

sn xut ra sn phm v phn phi ti tay ngi tiu dng.

1.1.2. Phn loi logistics

Logistics l mt khi nim rng ln, bao trm nhiu lnh vc v c phn

loi theo nhiu tiu ch khc nhau.

7

1.1.2.1. Theo hnh thc

- Logistics bn th nht (1PL First Party Logistics): Ngi ch s hu

hng ha t mnh t chc cc hot ng logistics p ng nhu cu ca bn thn.

- Logistics bn th 2 (2PL Second Party Logistics): Ngi cung cp dch

v logistics bn th 2 l ngi cung cp dch v cho cc hot ng n l trong

chui cc hot ng logistics nh vn ti, kho bi, th tc hi quan, thanh ton...)

p ng nhu cu ca khch hng.

- Logistics bn th 3 (3PL Third Party Logistics): Ngi ny thay mt cho

ch hng qun l v thc hin cc dch v logistics cho tng b phn chc nng.

- Logistics bn th 4 (4PL Forth Party Logistics): L ngi tch hp, gn

kt cc ngun lc, tim nng v c s vt cht khoa hc k thut ca mnh vi cc

t chc khc thit k, xy dng, vn hnh cc gii php chui logistics.

- Logistics bn th 5 (5PL Fifth Party Logistics): c nhc n trong

nhng nm gn y. y l hnh thc pht trin cao hn ca logistics bn th t i

cng vi s pht trin ca thng mi in t.

1.1.2.2. Theo phm vi

c phn chia lm 4 loi sau:

- Logistics trong lnh vc sn xut kinh doanh (Business Logistics): Mi lnh

vc kinh doanh, i tng hng ha c th s c cc cch thc bo qun, vn

chuyn, qun l hng khc nhau. Do , chui logistics ca mi i tng li c

nhng c im ring. Chng hn:

+ Logistics hng tiu dng nhanh (FMCG Fast Moving Consumer Goods):

Vi loi hng ha ny, yu cu quan trng nht l m bo thi gian giao hng, thi

gian t khi hng c sn xut ra cho n khi ti tay ngi tiu dng cui cng.

+ Logistic ngnh t (Automotive Logistic): Ngnh ny i hi s lin kt

phi hp nhp nhng gia cc nh my, b phn sn xut cc chi tit ph tng ring

l, m bo thi gian cui ca cng on ny l thi gian u ca cng on sau,

trnh thi gian ch i. c bit quan trong l vic d tr v phn phi ph tng

thay th.

8

+ Ngoi ra cn c cc loi nh: Logistics ngnh ha cht (Chemical

Logistics); Logistics ngnh dc phm (Pharmaceutical Logistics); Logistics du

kh (Petroleum Logistic)..

- Logistics qun s ( Millitary Logistics): Hoch nh, hp nht mi phng

din ca s h tr cho kh nng tc chin ca qun i (trong vic trin khai qun

hoc ng qun) v cc thit b qun s m bo sn sng, tin cy v hiu qu.

Nhiu ti liu nu hot ng ca ng mn H Ch Minh nh l mt in hnh ca

cng tc logistics trong cuc chin tranh chng M cu nc ca Vit Nam, m cc

ti liu gi l chin tranh Vit Nam.

- Logistics s kin ( Event Logistics): Mt mng gm cc hot ng, phng

tin v con ngi cn thit t chc, lp k hoch v trin khai cc ngun lc trn

cho mt s kin din ra v kt thc mt cch hiu qu.

- Logistics dch v ( Service Logistics): Cung cp, ln k hoch v qun tr

cc phng tin/vn ling, nhn lc v vt t h tr hoc m bo cho mt tc

nghip dch v hoc kinh doanh (Langley,Coyle,Gibson,Novack & Bardi, 2008).

1.1.2.3. Theo lnh vc

- Logistic u vo (Inbound Logistics): L hot ng m bo cung ng ti

nguyn u vo (nguyn liu, thng tin, vn,.) cho hot ng sn xut kinh doanh

ca doanh nghip mt cch ti u c v v tr, thi gian, chi ph.

- Logistics u ra (Outbound Logistics): L cc hot ng m bo cung cp

thnh phn n tay ngi tiu dng mt cch tt p c v v tr, thi gian v chi

ph nhm p ng cc mc tiu ca doanh nghip.

- Logistics ngc (Reverse Logistics): L qu trnh thu hi cc ph phm,

ph liu, ph phm, cc yu t nh hng n mi trng pht sinh t qu trnh sn

xut, phn phi v tiu dng tr v ti ch hoc x l.

9

1.2. TNG QUAN V DCH V LOGISTICS V NH CUNG CP DCH

V LOGISTICS (LSP)

1.2.1. Khi nim dch v logistics

Cng vi s pht trin ca lc lng sn xut v s h tr c lc ca cuc

cch mng khoa hc k thut trn th gii, khi lng hng ha v sn phm vt

cht c sn xut ra ngy cng nhiu. Do khong cch trong cc lnh vc cnh

tranh truyn thng nh cht lng hng ha hay gi c ngy cng thu hp, cc nh

sn xut chuyn sang cnh tranh v qun l hng tn kho, tc giao hng, hp

l ha qu trnh lu chuyn nguyn nhin vt liu v bn thnh phm, trong c

h thng qun l phn phi vt cht ca doanh nghip. Trong qu trnh , logistics

c c hi pht trin ngy cng mnh m hn trong lnh vc kinh doanh. Trong thi

gian u, logistics ch n thun c coi l mt phng thc kinh doanh mi,

mang li hiu qu cao cho cc doanh nghip. Cng vi qu trnh pht trin, logistics

c chuyn mn ha v pht trin tr thnh mt ngnh dch v ng vai tr rt

quan trng trong giao thng quc t.

Trong Lut Thng mi 2005, ln u tin khi nim v dch v logistics c

php in ha. Lut quy nh Dch v logistics l hot ng thng mi, theo

thng nhn t chc thc hin mt hoc nhiu cng on bao gm nhn hng, vn

chuyn, lu kho, lu bi, lm th tc hi quan, cc th tc giy t khc, t vn

khch hng, ng gi bao b, ghi k m hiu, giao hng hoc cc dch v khc c

lin quan ti hng ha theo tha thun vi khch hng hng th lao.

Mc d c nhiu quan im khc nhau nhng cc khi nim v dch v

logistics c th chia lm hai nhm:

* Nhm nh ngha hp m tiu biu l nh ngha ca Lut Thng mi

2005 c ngha hp, coi logistics gn tng t vi hot ng giao nhn hng ha.

Tuy nhin cng cn ch l nh ngha trong Lut Thng mi c tnh m, th hin

trong on in nghing hoc cc dch v khc c lin quan ti hng ha. Khi

nim logistics trong mt s lnh vc chuyn ngnh cng c coi l ngha hp, tc

l ch b hp trong phm vi, i tng ca ngnh (nh v d trn l trong lnh

vc qun s). Theo quan im ny, bn cht ca dch v logistics l vic tp hp

10

cc yu t h tr cho qu trnh vn chuyn sn phm t ni sn xut ti ni tiu th.

Nh vy, dch v logistics mang nhiu yu t vn ti, ngi cung cp dch v

logistics theo khi nim ny khng c nhiu khc bit so vi ngi cung cp dch

v vn ti a phng thc (MTO)

* Nhm nh ngha c phm vi rng. Theo quan im ny, dch v logistics

gn lin c qu trnh nhp nguyn, nhin vt liu lm u vo cho qu trnh sn

xut, sn xut ra hng ha v a vo cc knh lu thng, phn phi n tay

ngi tiu dng cui cng. Nhm nh ngha ny ca dch v logistics gp phn

phn nh r rng gia cc nh cung cp tng dch v n l nh dch v vn ti,

giao nhn, khai thu hi quan, phn phi, dch v h tr sn xut, t vn qun l

vi mt nh cung cp dch v logistics chuyn nghip, ngi s m nhn ton b

cc khu trong qu trnh hnh thnh v a hng ha ti tay ngi tiu dng cui

cng. Nh vy, nh cung cp dch v logistics chuyn nghip i hi phi c

chuyn mn, nghip v vng vng cung cp dch v mang tnh trn gi cho

cc nh sn xut. y l mt cng vic mang tnh chuyn mn ha cao.

1.2.2. Vai tr ca dch v logistics

- Dch v logistics gp phn nng cao hiu qu qun l, gim thiu chi ph

trong qu trnh sn xut, tng cng sc cnh tranh cho cc doanh nghip.

Theo thng k ca mt nghin cu, hot ng logistics trn th trng Trung

Quc tng trng vi tc bnh qun l 33%/nm v Brazil l 20%/nm. Bn

cnh , t s liu thng k ca mt s t chc nghin cu v dch v logistics cho

bit chi ph cho hot ng dch v logistics chim 10-13% GDP cc nc pht

trin, cc nc ang pht trin cao hn khong 15-20%. iu ny cho thy chi ph

cho dch v logistics l rt ln, v vy vi vic hnh thnh v pht trin dch v

logistics s gip cc doanh nghip cng nh ton b nn kinh t quc dn gim

c chi ph trong chui logistics, lm cho qu trnh sn xut kinh doanh tinh gin

hn v t hiu qu hn. Gim chi ph trong sn xut, qu trnh sn xut kinh doanh

tinh gin, hiu qu sn xut kinh doanh c nng cao gp phn tng sc cnh tranh

ca doanh nghip trn th trng. Thc t nhng nm qua ti cc nc Chu u, chi ph

logistics gim xung rt nhiu v cn c xu hng gim na trong cc nm ti.

11

- Dch v logistics c tc dng tit kim v gim chi ph trong hot ng lu

thng phn phi.

Gi c hng ha trn th trng chnh bng gi c ni sn xut cng vi chi

ph lu thng. Chi ph lu thng hng ha, ch yu l ph vn ti chim mt t l

khng nh v l b phn cu thnh gi c hng ha trn th trng, c bit l hng

ha trong bun bn quc t. Vn ti l yu t quan trng ca lu thng. C. Mc

tng ni Lu thng c ngha l hnh trnh thc t ca hng ha trong khng gian

c gii quyt bng vn ti. Vn ti c nhim v a hng ha n ni tiu dng

v to kh nng thc hin gi tr v gi tr s dng ca hng ha. Trong bun bn

quc t, chi ph vn ti chim t trng kh ln, theo s liu thng k ca UNCTAD

th chi ph vn ti ng bin chim trung bnh 10-15% gi FOB, hay 8-9% gi

CIF. M vn ti l yu t quan trng nht trong h thng logistics cho nn dch v

logistics ngy cng hon thin v hin i s tit kim cho ph vn ti v cc chi ph

khc pht sinh trong qu trnh lu thng dn n tit kim v gim chi ph lu

thng. Nu tnh c chi ph vn ti, tng chi ph logistics (bao gm ng gi, lu

kho, vn ti, qun l, ) c tnh chim ti 20% tng chi ph sn xut cc nc

pht trin, trong khi nu ch tnh ring chi ph vn ti c th chim ti 40% gi tr

xut khu ca mt s nc khng c ng b bin.

- Dch v logistics gp phn gia tng gi tr kinh doanh ca cc doanh

nghip vn ti giao nhn.

Dch v logistics l loi hnh dch v c quy m m rng v phc tp hn

nhiu so vi hot ng vn ti giao nhn thun ty. Trc kia, ngi kinh doanh

dch v vn ti giao nhn ch cung cp cho khch hng nhng dch v n gin,

thun ty v n l. Ngy nay, do s pht trin ca sn xut, lu thng, cc chi tit

ca mt sn phm c th do nhiu quc gia cung ng v ngc li mt loi sn

phm ca doanh nghip c th tiu th ti nhiu quc gia, nhiu th trng khc

nhau, v vy dch v m khch hng yu cu t ngi kinh doanh vn ti giao nhn

phi a dng v phong ph. Ngi vn ti giao nhn ngy nay trin khai cung

cp cc dch v nhm p ng yu cu thc t ca khch hng. H tr thnh ngi

cung cp dch v logistics (logistics service provider). R rng, dch v logistics

12

gp phn lm gia tng gi tr kinh doanh ca cc doanh nghip vn ti giao nhn.

Theo kinh nghim nhng nc pht trin cho thy, thng qua vic s dng dch

v logistics trn gi, cc doanh nghip sn xut c th rt ngn thi gian t lc nhn

n hng cho n lc giao sn phm cho khch hng t 5-6 thng xung cn 2

thng. Kinh doanh dch v ny c t sut li nhun cao gp 3-4 ln sn xut v gp

t 1-2 ln cc dch v ngoi thng khc.

- Dch v logistics pht trin gp phn m rng th trng trong bun bn

quc t.

Sn xut c mc ch l phc v tiu dng, cho nn trong sn xut kinh

doanh, vn th trng lun l vn quan trng v lun c cc nh sn xut v

kinh doanh quan tm. Cc nh sn xut kinh doanh mun chim lnh v m rng th

trng cho sn phm ca mnh phi cn s h tr ca dch v logistics. Dch v

logistics c tc dng nh chic cu ni trong vic chuyn dch hng ha trn cc

tuyn ng mi n cc th trng mi ng yu cu v thi gian v a im t

ra. Dch v logistics pht trin c tc dng rt ln trong vic khai thc v m rng

th trng kinh doanh cho cc doanh nghip.

- Dch v logistics pht trin gp phn gim chi ph, hon thin v tiu

chun ha chng t trong kinh doanh quc t.

Thc tin, mt giao dch trong bun bn quc t thng phi tiu tn cc loi

giy t, chng t. Theo c tnh ca Lin Hp Quc, chi ph v giy t phc v

mi mt giao dch thng mi trn th gii hng nm vt qu 420 t USD.

Theo tnh ton ca cc chuyn gia, ring cc loi giy t, chng t rm r hng

nm khon chi ph tiu tn cho n cng chim ti hn 10% kim ngch mu dch

quc t, nh hng rt ln ti cc hot ng bun bn quc t. Logistics cung

cp cc dch v a dng trn gi c tc dng gim rt nhiu cc chi ph cho giy

t, chng t trong bun bn quc t. Dch v vn ti a phng thc do ngi kinh

doanh dch v logistics cung cp loi b i rt nhiu chi ph cho giy t th tc,

nng cp v chun ha chng t cng nh gim khi lng cng vic vn phng

trong lu thng hng ha, t nng cao hiu qu bun bn quc t.

13

Ngoi ra, cng vi vic pht trin logistics in t (electronic logistics) s

to ra cuc cch mng trong dch v vn ti v logistics, chi ph cho giy t, chng

t trong lu thng hng ha cng c gim ti mc ti a, cht lng dch v

logistics ngy cng c nng cao s thu hp hn na cn tr v mt khng gian v

thi gian trong dng lu chuyn nguyn vt liu v hng ha. Cc quc gia s xch

li gn nhau hn trong hot ng sn xut v lu thng.

1.2.3. Phn loi dch v logistics

1.2.3.1. Theo phn loi ca WTO

- Dch v logistics li (Core Logistics Service): Dch v thit yu trong hot

ng logistics v cn phi tin hnh t do ha thc y s lu chuyn dch v

bao gm: dch v lm hng, dch v lu kho, dch v i l vn ti v cc dch v

h tr khc.

- Dch v c lin quan ti vn ti: Cc dch v c lin quan ti cung cp c

hiu qu dch v logistics tch hp cng nh cung cp mi trng thun li cho hot

ng ca logistics bn th 3 pht trin gm c vn ti hng ha (ng bin, ng

thy ni a, hng khng, ng st, ng b v cho thu phng tin khng c

ngi vn hnh) v cc dch v khc c lin quan ti dch v logistics gm dch v

phn tch v th nghim k thut, dch v chuyn pht, dch v i l hoa hng,

dch v bn bun v bn l.

- Dch v th yu hoc mang tnh b tr (Non-core Logistics Service): Gm

dch v my tnh v lin quan ti my tnh, dch v ng gi v dch v t vn qun l.

1.2.3.2. Theo qui nh ca Lut Thng mi

Theo Lut Thng mi Vit Nam 2005, iu 233 qui nh cc dch v

logistics c th sau:

- Cc dch v logistics ch yu bao gm:

+ Dch v bc xp hng ha, bao gm c hot ng bc xp container.

+ Dch v kho bi, lu tr hng ha bao gm c hot ng kinh doanh kho

bi container v kho x l nguyn liu, thit b.

14

+ Dch v i l vn ti, bao gm c hot ng i l lm th tc hi quan v

lp k hoch bc d hng ha.

+ Dch v b tr khc, bao gm cc hot ng tip nhn, lu kho v qun l

thng tin lin quan n vn chuyn v lu kho hng ha trong sut c chui

logistics; hot ng x l li hng ha, hng ha tn kho, hng b tr li, li mt v

ti phn phi; hot ng cho thu v thu mua container.

- Cc dch v logistics lin quan n vn ti bao gm:

+ Dch v vn ti hng hi.

+ Dch v vn ti thy ni a.

+ Dch v vn ti hng khng.

+ Dch v vn ti ng st.

+ Dch v vn ti ng b.

+ Dch v vn ti ng ng.

- Cc dch v logistics lin quan khc

+ Dch v kim tra, phn tch k thut.

+ Dch v bu chnh.

+ Dch v thng mi bn bun.

+ Dch v bn l bao gm hot ng qun l hng lu kho, thu gom, tp hp,

phn loi, phn phi v giao hng.

+ Dch v h tr vn ti khc.

Cc phn loi ny ph hp vi Biu cam kt v dch v vn ti ca Vit Nam

vi WTO nhng cha th hin c nhng loi hnh dch v hin i trong iu

kin hin nay.

1.2.3.3. Theo ni dung dch v

- Nhm dch v thit k v hoch nh chin lc logistics cho cc doanh

nghip (Designing/Planning): Cung cp dch v logistics tin hnh thit k k hoch

c cu li dy chuyn cung ng ca khch hng sao cho t kt qu ti u v pht

15

huy ti cc li th trong cnh tranh. y, cc cng ty cung cp dch v logistics

s da trn thc trng t chc sn xut ca khch hng xy dng mt chui cung

ng ph hp, xy dng qui trnh sn xut hp l, m bo gim ti a thi gian, chi

ph khng cn thit.

- Nhm dch v logistics u vo (Inbound logistics): bao gm

+ Kitting: Qun l cng on la chn, ng gp v chuyn ch cc b phn

linh kin cha lp rp ti dy chuyn sn xut ca doanh nghip.

+ Quality control/ Quality assurance: Tin hnh kim tra cht lng ti kho

v loi b cc sn phm khng t tiu chun chuyn ch ngc li cho nh sn

xut thay th cc linh kin khng m bo cht lng.

+ Sequencing: Sp xp cc b phn, vt t cho mt dy chuyn sn xut theo

th t c th tin sn xut v ng gi.

+ Milk runs: Ti u ha dng vn chuyn hng ha bng cch gom hng v

giao hng cho nhiu khch hng trong cng mt thi im. Thit k mt l trnh

phc hp vi nhiu im bc xp, kt hp nhiu n hng t nhiu khch hng ti

cng mt thi im. Mc ch l s dng ti a nng lc chuyn ch ca phng

tin v tit kim chi ph vn ti.

+ VIM (Vendor Inventory Management): Tin hnh gom hng t nhiu nh

cung cp nh l nhng mt hng hay vt t cn thit cho qu trnh sn xut kinh

doanh ca khch hng, lu kho v phn phi ti cho khch hng.

- Nhm dch v h tr sn xut (Manufacturing Support): bao gm

+ Sub Assembly: p dng i vi cc ngnh in t, t, hng tiu dng

nhanh. Cng ty logistics s m nhn lun cng vic lp rp cc b phn c bn ca

sn phm t cc linh kin n l.

+ Inventory Planning: Ln k hoch v kim sot qu trnh lu kho vi cc

h thng qun l kho hin i nht m bo ti u lng d tr v gim thiu chi

ph.

+ Packing/Labeling: ng gi v dn nhn hng ha.

16

- Nhm dch v logistics u ra (Outbound Logistics/Warehousing and

Distribution): Vi h thng kho hin i v quy m ln, cc cng ty logistics c th

m nhim lu kho thnh phm v phn phi ti tay ngi tiu dng vi chi ph

thp. Ngoi ra theo yu cu ca khch hng, cc cng ty ny cn cung cp mt s

dch v kho c bit nh: Contract warehousing (Kho thu theo hp ng);

Dedicated warehousing (Kho chuyn dng); Multi-user warehousing (Kho cng

cng); Bonded warehousing (Kho ngoi quan); Automated warehousing (Kho t

ng); Cross-docking warehousing (kho a nng).

- Nhm dch v GNVT v gom hng lin quan n ton b dng lu chuyn

ca vt t v hng ha: bao gm

+ Ocean/Air freight (vn ti ng bin, ng hng khng): Vn chuyn

hng nguyn container (FCL), hng l (LCL), hng khng.

+ Dedicated contract carriage (chuyn ch hng ha theo hp ng chuyn

dng).

+ Intermodal service (Vn ti a phng thc).

+ Merge in Transit: p dng cho cc cng ty nhp b phn hon chnh t

nhiu nh cung cp, cng ty logistics s kt hp u vo v u ra ca dy chuyn

cung ng mt cch n khp v hiu qu, tin hnh lp rp thnh sn phm cui

cng v giao trc tip cho khch hng.

+ Customer Service ( Dch v khch hng).

- Nhm dch v sau bn hng (Aftermarket logistics): Cc LSP c th gip

khch hng qun l cc yu t pht sinh sau giao dch, bao gm mt s dch v:

+ Return Logistics: Qun l qu trnh thu hi cc hng ph phm, ti ch

hoc hy b gip khch hng.

+ Repair Logistics: Tip nhn v sa cha thnh phm hoc b phn.

+ Revers Logistics: Thit k v qun l dng vt liu hoc thit b khng s

dng ngc tr li dy chuyn cung ng.

+ Call Center: Tip nhn n hng v ng k giao hng gip khch hng

17

- Dch v logistics hng u (Lead Logistics Provider): Thay mt khch hng

qun l ton b chui cung ng hoc khi cn thit thu li dch v ca mt s cng ty

logistics khc, khch hng ch phi giao dch vi mt nh cung cp dch v duy nht.

2.1.4. Nh cung cp dch v logistics ( LSP)

2.1.4.1. Khi nim nh cung cp logistics (LSP)

Kinh doanh dch v logistics l vic mt t chc hay mt c nhn s ng

vai tr trung tm, ng ra phi hp cc cng on cung cp nguyn liu - sn xut

phn phi da trn cc d liu v nhu cu hng ha, dch v, quy cch phm cht,

nng lc sn xut, lch trnh chuyn ch v ngun cung cp theo yu cu ca ngi

y thc.

Theo iu 3, Mc 2, Ngh nh s 140/2007/N-CP nh ngha: Thng

nhn kinh doanh dch v logistics l thng nhn t chc thc hin dch v logistics

cho khch hng bng cch t mnh thc hin hoc thu li thng nhn khc thc

hin mt hoc nhiu cng on ca dch v . V ti Ngh nh 140/2007/N-CP

ti iu 5, iu 6, iu 7 cn qui nh rt r rng v iu kin kinh doanh i vi

thng nhn kinh doanh cc dch v logistics ch yu; dch v logistics lin quan

n vn ti; dch v logistics lin quan khc.

2.1.4.2. Phn loi nh cung cp dch v logistics (LSP)

- Nh cung cp dch v bn th 2 (2PL - Second Party Logistics):

y l mt chui nhng ngi cung cp dch v cho hot ng n l cho chui

hot ng logistics nhm p ng nhu cu ca ch hng nhng cha tch hp vi

hot ng logistics (ch m nhn mt khu trong chui logistics).

2PL l vic qun l cc hot ng truyn thng nh vn ti, kho vn, th tc hi

quan, thanh ton,

- Nh cung cp dch v logistics bn th ba (3PL - Third Party Logistics): L

ngi thay mt cho ch hng qun l v thc hin cc dch v logistics cho tng b

phn nh: thay mt cho ngi gi hng thc hin th tc XNK, cung cp chng t

giao nhn - vn ti v vn chuyn ni a hoc thay mt cho ngi XNK lm th tc

thng quan hng ha v a hng n im n quy nh, Dch v 3PL bao gm

nhiu dch v khc nhau, kt hp cht ch vic lun chuyn, tn tr hng ho, x l

thng tin, c tnh tch hp vo dy chuyn cung ng ca khch hng. Nh cung

18

cp 3PL l cc hot ng do mt cng ty cung cp dch v logistics thc hin trn

danh ngha ca khch hng da trn cc hp ng c hiu lc ti thiu l mt nm

hoc cc yu cu bt thng. S dng 3PL l vic thu cc cng ty bn ngoi

thc hin cc hot ng logistics, c th l ton b qu trnh qun l logistics hoc

ch l mt s hot ng c chn lc. Cc cng ty s dng 3PL v nh cung cp dch

v logistics c mi quan h cht ch vi nhau nhm thc chia s thng tin, ri ro, v

cc li ch theo mt hp ng di hn.

- Nh cung cp dch v logistics bn th t (4PL Fourth Party Logistics):

y l ngi hp nht, gn kt cc ngun lc, tim nng v c s vt cht k thut

ca mnh vi cc t chc khc thit k, xy dng v vn hnh cc gii php

chui logistics. Dch v 4PL l vic qun l v thc hin cc hot ng logistics

phc tp nh qun l ngun lc, trung tm iu phi kim sot, cc chc nng kin

trc v tch hp cc hot ng logistics. 4PL c lin quan vi 3PL v c pht

trin trn nn tng ca 3PL nhng bao gm lnh vc hot ng rng hn, gm c

cc hot ng ca 3PL, cc dch v cng ngh thng tin, v qun l cc tin trnh

kinh doanh. 4PL c coi nh mt im lin lc duy nht, l ni thc hin vic

qun l, tng hp tt c cc ngun lc v gim st cc chc nng 3PL trong sut chui

phn phi nhm vn ti th trng ton cu, li th chin lc v cc mi quan h

lu bn.

- Nh cung cp dch v logistics th nm (5PL Fifth Party Logistics): 5PL

l loi dch v th trng thng mi in t, bao gm cc 3PL v 4PL qun l tt

c cc bn lin quan trong chui phn phi trn nn tng thng mi in t.

Cha kho thnh cng ca cc nh cung cp dch v logistics th nm l cc h

thng (H thng qun l n hng (OMS), H thng qun l kho hng (WMS) v

H thng qun l vn ti (TMS). C ba h thng ny c lin quan cht ch vi nhau

trong mt h thng thng nht v cng ngh thng tin.

1.3. XU HNG PHT TRIN CA NGNH DCH V LOGISTICS

Xu th tt yu ca thi i ngy nay l ton cu ho nn kinh t th gii.

Ton cu ho lm cho giao thng gia cc quc gia, cc khu vc trn th gii pht

trin mnh m v ng nhin s ko theo nhng nhu cu mi v vn ti, kho bi,

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cc dch v ph tr Theo d bo, trong vi thp nin u th k 21 ngnh dch v

logistics s pht trin theo cc xu hng chnh sau:

- Th nht, xu hng ng dng cng ngh thng tin, thng mi in t

ngy cng ph bin v su rng hn trong cc lnh vc ca logistics.

Mng thng tin ton cu , ang v s tc ng rt ln n nn kinh t ton

cu. Qun tr logistics l mt lnh vc phc tp vi chi ph ln nhng li l yu t

ch o, quyt nh li nhun ca doanh nghip trong thng mi in t. X l

n t hng, thc hin n hng, giao hng, thanh ton v thu hi hng ha m

khch hng khng ng ...l nhng ni dung ca lnh vc logistics trong mi trng

thng mi in t. Mt h thng logistics hon chnh, tng thch vi cc qui trnh

ca thng mi in t, p ng c nhng i hi ca khch hng trong thi i

cng ngh thng tin l yu t quyt nh thnh cng trong kinh doanh. V vy, ng

dng cng ngh thng tin, thng mi in t nh: h thng thng tin qun tr dy

truyn cung ng ton cu, cng ngh nhn dng bng tn s v tuyn. ..ang ngy

cng c p dng rng ri trong kinh doanh bi v thng tin c truyn cng

nhanh v chnh xc th cc quyt nh trong h thng logistics cng hiu qu.

- Th hai, phng php qun l logistics ko (Pull) ngy cng pht trin

mnh m v dn thay th cho phng php qun l logistics y (Push) theo

truyn thng.

Qun l logistics ko hoc logistics y l rt cn thit nhm ct gim chi

ph. Trong cc nn kinh t da trn logistics y trc y, ct gim chi ph c

thc hin thng qua s hp nht, lin kt ca nhiu cng ty, s sp xp li cc nh

my da trn s nghin cu cc ngun nguyn liu th v nhn lc r hn, s t

ng ha hoc qu trnh ti c cu cng ngh, k thut trong cc nh my. Cng vi

, nhng s ci tin ny gip cc cng ty tng nng sut lao ng v ct gim

chi ph hu cn. Ngy nay, ngun thu li nhun t qu trnh nng cp v ci tin ny

c thc hin trn qui m ln hn trong hu ht cc khu vc sn xut ch to.

Nn sn xut da trn logistics ko i lp hn vi c ch logistics y

truyn thng trc y l c ch sn xut c iu khin bi cung (Supply -

Driven) v c dn dt, ch o theo mt k hoch sn xut c sp t trc.

20

Trong h thng sn xut iu khin bi cung, cc thit b v sn phm hon thin

c y vo cc qu trnh sn xut hoc chuyn vo cc nh kho lu tr theo s

sp sn ca cng sut my mc. R rng, c ch sn xut da trn logistics y

khng thc t v ph hp vi nhu cu ngi tiu dng, dn n s d tha v lng

ph. Logistics ko l qu trnh sn xut c dn dt bi hot ng trao i mua bn

trn thc t hn l d on mc nhu cu. C ch cn ko (logistics ko) ch sn

xut nhng sn phm c bn hoc c khch hng t hng mua. Chui cung

cp hu cn ko lin kt qu trnh k hoch ha sn xut v qu trnh thit k vi

vic phn phi cc sn phm sn xut. y chnh l m hnh c iu khin bi

cu (Demand Driven) nhm mc tiu chnh l p ng c nhu cu d tr cui

cng ca ngi tiu dng. Trong khi, c ch hu cn y hn ch kh nng lin

kt gia cc nh cung cp, nh sn xut v nh phn phi, th c ch hu cn ko

t c mc thnh cng cao hn v tnh hiu qu ca qu trnh lin kt. Hn

na, s trao i s lng cu (Demand Data) bao gm c s lng mua bn cn

thit s gip thng nht hi t gia mc cung ca ngi sn xut vi cu ca ngi

tiu dng.

- Th ba, xu hng thu dch v logistics t cc cng ty logistics chuyn

nghip ngy cng ph bin.

Ton cu ho nn kinh t cng su rng th tnh cnh tranh li cng gay gt

trong mi lnh vc ca cuc sng. Trong lnh vc logistics cng vy, p ng

nhu cu ngy cng cao ca khch hng, th ngy cng c nhiu nh cung cp dch

v logistics ra i v cnh tranh quyt lit vi nhau. Bn cnh nhng hng sn xut

c uy tn gt hi c nhng thnh qu to ln trong hot ng kinh doanh nh

khai thc tt h thng logistics nh: Hawlett - Packerd, Spokane Company, Ladner

Buiding Products, Favoured Blend Coffee Company, Sun Microsystems, SKF,

Procter & Gamble th tt c cc cng ty vn ti, giao nhn cng nhanh chng

chp thi c pht trin v tr thnh nhng nh cung cp dch v logistics hng u

th gii vi h thng logistics ton cu nh: TNT, DHL, Maersk logistics, NYK

Logistics, APL Logistics, MOL Logistics, Kuehne & Nagel, Schenker, Birkart,

Ikea, ti u ho, tng sc cnh tranh ca cc doanh nghip, nu nh trc

y, cc ch s hu hng ha ln thng t mnh ng ra t chc v thc hin cc

21

hot ng logistics p ng nhu cu ca bn thn, th gi y vic i thu cc

dch v logistics bn ngoi ngy cng tr nn ph bin.

Thc t cho thy vic s dng cc nh cung cp dch v logistics em li

nhng ngun li rt to ln cho doanh nghip, nh gim chi ph u t cho hot

ng logistics, cc doanh nghip c th gim gi thnh, tng sc cnh tranh trn th

trng trong nc v quc t. Bn cnh cc cng ty logistics chuyn nghip cn

c th gip doanh nghip: Thm nhp th trng, tip cn cng ngh mi v c

cung cp nhng thng tin kp thi, chnh xc v ngun cung cp cng nh th

trng tiu th.

- Th t, xu hng cc vn an ninh trong qu trnh vn chuyn vn tip

tc v vn quan trng trong giai on pht trin tip theo ca ngnh dch v

logistics.

Cc vn v an ninh gn cht vi vic vn ti container, vn ti hng

khng v tip tc l vn quan trng trong nhiu nm ti. Cc cng ty 3PLs hng

u nh l DHL, FedEx, UPS, Schenker, Kuehne + Nagel, Expeditors, Uti v TNT

c kinh nghim lu nm trong vic thc hin cc cng vic ca mnh mt cch an

ton v hiu qu. H c c cc chng ch nh l C-TPAT, FAST, AES, SAFE

v nhiu chng ch an ton khc ca cc chnh ph.

chu u, ni pht trin quan nim chui cung ng xanh (Green Supply

Chain) c bit quan tm n n tnh an ton, bn vng. mt s ngnh c

nhiu qui nh m doanh nghip phi tun th v i hi h phi tnh ton li lng

cac-bon m chui cung ng thi ra.

Th nm, xu hng st nhp pht trin ngnh cung ng dch v trn gi

(dch v 3PL) ca cc cng ty logistics chuyn nghip ngy cng ph bin.

Trong vi nm qua, ngnh cng nghip cung ng dch v logistics trn gi

(3PL) c nhiu bin chuyn ngon mc v tr thnh xu th pht trin ca cc LSP

trong tng lai. V d nh DHL mua li Exel, 3PL ln nht th gii thi by gi

hay Maersk Logistics d kin s tng gp i doanh thu. Khi cng ty m

A.P.Moller Maersk mua li hng tu P&O Nedlloyd. SembCorp Logistics, tng l

mt trong 25 cng ty 3PLs hng u, cng c ch mi: tp on Toll Holdings -

22

cng ty s hu vn ti ng b v phn phi ln nht nc c. Trong khi nhu cu

cho dch v ang tng u n, cc nh 3PL ln nhanh chng m rng phm vi

a l v a dng ha dch v. Chuyn cc cng ty 3PL i tn v ti cu trc tr

thnh ph bin.

Mi cng ty logistics s c nhng chin lc pht trin ring ca mnh,

nhng tu chung li thng theo nhng hng chnh sau:

- M rng phm vi ngun cung ng v phn phi.

- y mnh tc lu chuyn nguyn vt liu, hng ha, dch v.

- Pht trin cc dch v lm tng gi tr gia tng.

- y mnh hot ng marketing logistics.

- Thit k mng li phn phi ngc, thc hin qun l vic tr li hng ha

cho cc nh phn phi, nh sn xut hoc ngi bn hng.

- Pht trin mnh thng mi in t, coi y l b phn quan trng ca

logistics.

- ng dng nhng thnh tu mi ca cng ngh thng tin.

- Khng ngng ci tin b my qun l, tch cc o to nhn vin trong cc

cng ty logistics.

23

Bng 1-1: Bng xp hng 20 cng ty 3PL ton cu

theo doanh thu nm 2008-2009

Xp

hng

Cc cng ty cung cp dch v

Third-party logistics (3PL)

Tr s

chnh

Doanh thu

ton cu

2008 (triu USD)

Doanh thu

ton cu

2009 (triu USD)

1 DHL Logistics c 39.900 30.645

2 Kuehne Nagel Thy S 20.200 16.032

3 DB Schenker Logistics c 12.503 14.575

4 CEVA Logistics H Lan 9.523 7.648

5 DSV an Mch 5.231 6.722

6 C.H Robinson Wordwide M 7.130 5.976

7 Agility Logistics Kuwait 6.316 5.360

8 Panalpina Thy S 8.394 5.350

9 SNCF Geodis Php 9.700 5.330

10 UPS Supply Chain Solution M 6.293 5.080

11 Dachser & Co c 5.377 4.575

12 Expecditor int'l of Washington M 5.650 4.092

13 Bollore Php 4.330 3.657

14 Hellman Wordwide Logistics c 4.209 3.630

15 UTI Wordwide M 4.896 3.545

16 NYK Logistics Nht 4.723 3.501

17 Wincaton Anh 4.331 3.370

18 Sinotrans

Trung

Quc 4.757 3.125

19 Rhenus & Co c 3.940 3.140

20 Toll Holdings c 3.497 2.902

Ngun: SJ Consulting Group Mar.3/2010

- Th su, pht trin s hp tc lin kt ton cu gia cc cng ty logistics

chuyn nghip v s pht trin cc nh cung cp 4PL v 5PL

Ngy nay xu hng lin kt phi hp cc hot ng logistics trn ton cu

ngy cng pht trin mnh m. S hp tc ny s gip cc nh cung cp dch v

logistics ton cu chia s cc ngun lc logistics chung cc a im khc nhau

nh cc dch v kho hng, dch v vn tiS lin kt ny to ra nhng chui cung

ng hon ho, ng thi mang n li ch cho cc bn v mt thi gian v tit gim

chi ph.

24

Do tt yu ca s pht trin m s xut hin ca cc nh cung cp bn th 4

v bn th 5 ngy cng nhiu. 4PL l ngi tch hp, chu trch nhim qun l dng

lu chuyn logistics, cung cp gii php dy truyn cung ng, hoch nh, t vn

logistics, qun tr vn tiv hng n qun tr c qu trnh logistics. Vi s pht

trin ca thng mi in t th 5PL pht trin nhm phc v v qun tr ton b

qu trnh logistics trn nn tng thng mi in t.

Qua Chng I, Lun vn lm r khi nim, phn loi, vai tr v nhng ni

dung c bn v dch v logistics v nh cung cp logistics. y l c s l lun

quan trng lm c s phn tch thc trng hot ng kinh doanh dch v logistics

cng nh xut cc gii php pht trin hot ng kinh doanh dch v logistics

ca cc doanh nghip GNVT khu vc pha Nam Vit Nam

25

CHNG 2

THC TRNG PHT TRIN HOT NG KINH DOANH DCH V

LOGISTICS CA CC DOANH NGHIP GIAO NHN VN TI

VIT NAM TRN TH TRNG MIN NAM VIT NAM

2.1. TNG QUAN V DCH V LOGISTICS TRN TH TRNG MIN

NAM VIT NAM THI GIAN QUA

2.1.1. Tng quan v min Nam Vit Nam

Vit Nam l mt quc gia nm trn bn o ng Dng, ven bin Thi

Bnh Dng. Vit Nam c din tch 327.500 km2 vi ng bin gii trn t lin

di 4.550 km, pha Bc tip gip vi Trung Quc, pha Ty tip gip vi Lo v

Campuchia; pha ng gip bin ng. Vit Nam bao gm 64 tnh thnh v c

chia thnh 3 min: min Bc, min Trung v min Nam Vit Nam.

Min Nam Vit Nam c chia thnh vng ng Nam B v vng ng

bng sng Cu Long bao gm 17 tnh v 2 thnh ph. Vng ng Nam B, pha

Bc v pha Ty Bc gip vi Campuchia, pha Ty Nam gip vi ng bng sng

Cu Long v pha ng, ng Nam gip vi bin ng v ng bng sng Cu

Long. Vng ng bng sng Cu Long l mt b phn ca chu th sng M Kng

c din tch 39.734km. C v tr nm lin k vi vng ng Nam B, pha Bc

gip Campuchia, pha Ty Nam l vnh Thi Lan, pha ng Nam l Bin ng.

ng Nam B l vng c kinh t pht trin nht Vit Nam, dn s ng v dn u

c nc v kim ngch xut khu, u t nc ngoi, GDP, cng nh nhiu yu t

kinh t - x hi khc. Thnh ph H Ch Minh (TP. HCM), Bnh Dng, ng Nai,

B Ra - Vng Tu, 4 tnh, thnh trn u thuc vng ng Nam B, chim mt

din tch khim tn so vi c nc, nhng ng gp ca 4 a phng ny i vi

quc gia l rt ln v c nhng nh hng c bit quan trng, mang tnh quyt

nh i vi tc pht trin kinh t - x hi ca c nc c gi l T gic

kinh t trng im

http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%C3%B4ng_Nam_B%E1%BB%99http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B3_kinh_t%E1%BA%BF_ph%C3%A1t_tri%E1%BB%83n_nh%E1%BA%A5t_Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kim_ng%E1%BA%A1ch_xu%E1%BA%A5t_kh%E1%BA%A9u&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%A7u_t%C6%B0_n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_ngo%C3%A0i&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/GDPhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A0nh_ph%E1%BB%91_H%E1%BB%93_Ch%C3%AD_Minhhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%ACnh_D%C6%B0%C6%A1nghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_Naihttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A0_R%E1%BB%8Ba_-_V%C5%A9ng_T%C3%A0u

26

Vng ng Nam B c din tch 23.564 km2, dn s 14 triu ngi, mt

dn s bnh qun 597 ngi/km2. Vng ng Nam B c th mnh v cng nghip

v dch v. Gi tr sn xut cng nghip nm 2008 chim n 52,44% ca c nc,

tng mc bn l hng ha v doanh thu dch v chim 34%, thnh ph H Ch

Minh l ht nhn ca vng. Nm 2009, GDP thnh ph H Ch Minh chim trn

50,8% GDP trn ton vng, gi tr sn xut cng nghip chim 41,8%, tng mc

bn l hng ha v doanh thu dch v chim 64,63% ton vng, kim ngch xut

khu chim 47,19%. Ngoi thnh ph H Ch Minh, cng nghip pht trin mnh

ng Nai, B Ra Vng Tu, Bnh Dng. n nay, vng ng Nam B c 89

khu ch xut, khu cng nghip (KCN) vi tng din tch 32.625 ha. c bit vng

c th mnh v cy cng nghip (cy cao su) vi sn lng 723.700 tn, xut khu

680 tn t kim ngch 1 t USD.

Vng ng bng sng Cu Long c tng din tch 40.518,5 km2, dn s nm

2009 l 17.213.400 ngi, mt dn s 425 ngi/km2. Vng c th mnh sn

xut lng thc, nui trng v khai thc thy hi sn, chn nui gia cm v tri cy.

Theo thng k ca B K hoch v u t, tc tng GDP ca khu vc ng

bng sng Cu Long bnh qun giai on 2006-2010 t 10-12%, ring 6 thng u

nm 2010 t 6,8%, thu nhp bnh qun u ngi nm 2010 t 17,8 triu ng

/nm; tng kim ngch xut khu nm 2010 c t 6,2 t USD. Hin ti, ng bng

sng Cu Long ng gp khong 18% GDP ca c nc, 50% sn lng la, 70%

sn lng tri cy, trn 50% sn lng thy sn; 90% sn lng go xut khu v

chim gn 60% kim ngch xut khu ca c nc...

2.1.1.1. Thnh ph H Ch Minh

Thnh ph H Ch Minh nm khu vc Nam B, c ta a l t 100

2213 n 1102217 v Bc v 106

00125 n 107

00110 kinh ng,

pha Bc gip vi tnh Bnh Dng, Ty Bc gip tnh Ty Ninh, ng v ng

Bc gip tnh ng Nai, ng-Nam gip tnh B Ra Vng Tu, Ty v Ty-Nam

gip tnh Long An v Tin Giang. Li th v tr a l ca thnh ph H Ch Minh

th hin bi nhng yu t nh: nm trung tm vng ng bng sng Cu Long

(vng sn xut nng nghip ln nht c nc), vng ng Nam B v Ty Nguyn

27

(vng sn xut cng nghip v cy cng nghip ln nht c nc). iu ny to nn

s giao thoa v hi t v kinh t - vn ha gia vng kinh t trng im pha Nam

v cng ng bng sng Cu Long v c nc; nm trung tm khu vc ng

Nam , to nn li th to ln v giao lu kinh t - vn ha vi cc nc trong khu

vc; v tr a l TP. HCM ng vai tr quan trng trong thu ht cc nh u t

trong v ngoi nc; v l ca ng giao lu quc t thng qua bin ng nn c

nhiu li th v giao lu kinh t - x hi quc t

Nm 2010, kim ngch xut khu ca TP. HCM c t khong 70,8 t USD,

tng 24% so vi nm 2009 v 17% so vi k hoch. Kim ngch xut khu nm

2010 t mc kh quan do ng gp t tng c gi v lng trc s phc hi phn

no ca kinh t th gii so vi nm 2009. C th, trong cc mt hng xut khu ch

lc, dt may vt 10 t USD kim ngch, go t xp x 3 t USD; thy sn t

kim ngch gn 4,5 t USD; g v sn phm vt 3 t USD... Nhm cn li, cc mt

hng c kim ngch xut khu tng mnh gm c st thp, ha cht, cao su, phng

tin vn ti, ht iu Tuy nhin, xut khu du th gim mnh gn 23%... Trong

nm 2010, gi xut khu bnh qun tng mnh so cng k gip kim ngch xut

khu tng khong 3,4 t USD. V c cu hng ha xut khu v ang c nhng

chuyn dch theo hng tch cc, tng dn t trng nhm hng cng nghip, ch to

t 58,2% ln 62,3% so vi cng k nm 2009 v gim dn xut khu hng th, c

gi tr gia tng thp t 15,9% xung 11,3%. Kt qu kh quan trong xut khu nm

2010 khng ch gp phn vo tng trng GDP c nc m cn gip tiu th hng

ha, ci thin i sng ca nhn dn v kt qu ny l c s cc c quan hu

quan tip tc phn u y mnh hot ng xut khu, phn u t kim ngch xut

khu trong nm 2010, to nn tng thun li cho cng tc iu hnh, ch o v

thc hin tt cng tc xut nhp khu trong nm 2011 v cc nm tip theo.

V nhp khu, kim ngch nhp khu ca TP. HCM nm 2010 c t

khong 82,8 t USD, tng 18,4% so vi nm 2009. Trong tng s 43 mt hng vn

c 6 mt hng gim kim ngch so vi cng k 2009 bao gm t nguyn chic cc

loi, phn bn, xe my nguyn chic mi loi gim t 10% n trn 20%,... Vi cc

mt hng c kim ngch nhp khu ln, nhm my mc, thit b v nguyn liu u

vo sn xut tng kh mnh. ng ch l my mc, thit b, dng c, ph tng;

28

vi; cht do nguyn liu; nguyn ph liu dt may; x, si dt,... tng rt mnh,

nhng xng du, phn bn gim so vi cng k. Nhp siu c nm 2010 c t 12

t USD, trc , k hoch a ra t u nm l khong 14 t USD, bng 16,9%

tng kim ngch xut khu, thp hn so vi mc 22,5% ca nm 2009. Cng nh

xut khu, gi nhp khu bnh qun tng so vi cng k l mt trong nhng nguyn

nhn lm tng kim ngch nhp khu trong nm nay. ng gp vo mc tng 12,7 t

USD kim ngch nhp khu 2010 so vi nm 2009, c ti 5,3 t USD tng do yu t

gi bnh qun tng, 7,4 t USD tng do tng v lng nhp khu. Gi nhp khu

bnh qun cng tng so vi cng k v l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn lm tng

kim ngch nhp khu trong nm nay. Tuy nhin, tc tng trng nhp khu nm

2010 chng li vo nhng thng na cui nm v tip tc thp hn so vi tc

tng trng xut khu nn t l nhp siu so vi tng kim ngch xut khu gim

dn (Cc thng k TP. HCM, 2010).

2.1.1.2. Tnh Bnh Dng

Vi ta a l 10o51' 46" - 11

o30' v Bc, 106

o20'- 106

o58' kinh

ng, Bnh Dng tip gip vi cc tnh, thnh sau: Pha Bc gip tnh Bnh

Phc. Pha Nam gip thnh ph H Ch Minh. Pha ng gip tnh ng Nai. Pha

Ty gip tnh Ty Ninh v thnh ph H Ch Minh. Bnh Dng thuc min ng

Nam B, nm trong vng kinh t trng im pha Nam (gm 8 tnh thnh, thnh

ph H Ch Minh, ng Nai, Bnh Dng, B Ra - Vng Tu, Bnh Phc, Ty

Ninh, Long An v tnh Tin Giang), l mt trong nhng tnh c tc tng trng

kinh t cao, pht trin cng nghip nng ng ca c nc. Bnh Dng l ca ng

giao thng vi TP. HCM, trung tm kinh t - vn ha ca c nc; c cc trc l

giao thng huyt mch ca quc gia chy qua nh quc l 13, quc l 14, ng H

Ch Minh, ng Xuyn ; cch sn bay quc t Tn Sn Nht v cc cng bin

ch t 10 - 15 km thun li cho pht trin kinh t - x hi ton din.

Nm 2010 mc d kinh t th gii cn tim n nhng nguy c, kh khn

thch thc nhng tnh hnh xut nhp khu (XNK) ca Bnh Dng vn t c

nhng kt qu kh quan. Gi tr kim ngch XNK ca Bnh Dng chim trn 10%

tng kim ngch XNK ca c nc. Trong cn cn XNK, Bnh Dng tip tc xut

29

siu trn 1 t USD, trong bi cnh c nc vn lin tc phi nhp siu th y l

mt thnh qu khch l. Theo bo co t UBND tnh, tng gi tr kim ngch XNK

ca Bnh Dng trong nm 2010 c t 8,294 t USD, tng 23,5% so vi cng k

v vt k hoch ra (19,7%). Trong tng gi tr kim ngch XNK, khu vc kinh t

trong nc tng 10,2%; khu vc c vn u t nc ngoi tng 27,3%. Nu em so

snh vi tnh hnh XNK chung ca c nc, kt qu ny cho thy XNK ca Bnh

Dng trong nm 2010 vt kh vn ln mt cch ngon mc. Nh vy, vi

trn 70 t USD kim ngch XNK ca c nc, Bnh Dng ng gp trn 8 t

USD, chim trn 10%. iu cho thy s ng gp ca Bnh Dng vo kt qu

XNK chung l rt ln, xng ng vi vai tr ca mt tnh cng nghip trng im.

Tnh n nay, Bnh Dng c 1.600 doanh nghip (DN) xut khu trc tip vo

183 quc gia, vng lnh th; trong th trng xut khu ln vn ch yu l Hoa

K, EU, i Loan, Nht Bn... Cc mt hng c gi tr xut khu ln vn tip tc

duy tr mc tng trng cao nh: Cao su (71,4%), h tiu (49,4%), hng in t

(24,1%), dy in v dy cp (23,5%), sn phm g, giy dp, dt may... nh gi

v s tng trng trong XNK cao l nh th trng c m rng v doanh nghip

tip tc k c nhng hp ng ln i vi cc mt hng XNK ch lc. Mt khc,

trong nm 2010, XNK ca Bnh Dng cn c c thun li l EU bi b thu

chng bn ph gi i vi mt hng xe p Vit Nam. Lnh d b thu ny gp

phn tho g kh khn cho cc doanh nghip v trong 5 nm qua phi sn xut cm

chng. y l c hi doanh nghip ngnh xe p Bnh Dng ni ring cnh

tranh bnh ng ti th trng chu u ( Mai Xun, 2010)

Vi tng s 14 KCN trn din tch 3.180 ha, Bnh Dng l tnh i u trong

phong tro pht trin KCN vi cc tn tui ni ting nh KCN Sng Thn (I, II),

KCN Vit Nam-Singapore, KCN Nam Tn Uyn S lng container xut nhp,

ra vo ti cc KCN ti Bnh Dng trong Bng 2-1 cho thy mi nm cc KCN

cung cp cho cc cng, cc n v vn ti mt sn lng hng rt ln c th chim

n 20% tng lng hng c khu vc pha Nam.

30

Bng 2-1: c tnh s lng container xut nhp ti cc KCN Bnh Dng (TEU)

KCN 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

KCN Sng Thn I 140.232 157.042 154.741 160.661 154.233

KCN Sng Thn II 182.974 204.909 201.870 209.631 201.243

KCN VietNam-

Singapore 171.8551 192.452 189.598 196.887 189.009

KCN Nam Tn Uyn 24.899 29.004 35.877 48.556 68.354

Cc KCN khc 3.645 4.211 4.533 4.655 4.561

Tng 523.605 587.618 586.619 620.390 617.400

Ngun: VLR, s 36, 10/2010

2.1.1.3. Tnh ng Nai

ng Nai l tnh thuc min ng Nam B, c din tch 5.903.940 km2,

chim 1,76% din tch t nhin c nc v chim 25,5% din tch t nhin ca

vng ng Nam B. Tnh c 11 n v hnh chnh trc thuc gm: Thnh ph Bin

Ha - l trung tm chnh tr kinh t vn ha ca tnh; th x Long Khnh v 9 huyn.

L mt tnh nm trong vng pht trin kinh t trng im pha Nam, ng Nai tip

gip vi cc vng sau: Pha ng gip tnh Bnh Thun, Pha ng Bc gip tnh

Lm ng, Pha Ty gip TP. HCM, Pha Ty Bc gip tnh Bnh Dng v Bnh

Phc, Pha Nam gip tnh B Ra - Vng Tu. ng Nai l tnh c h thng giao

thng thun tin vi nhiu tuyn giao thng huyt mch chy qua nh: quc l 1A,

quc l 20, quc l 51; tuyn ng st Bc - Nam; gn cng Si Gn, sn bay quc

t Tn Sn Nht to iu kin thun li cho hot ng kinh t trong vng cng

nh giao thng vi c nc ng thi c vai tr gn kt vng ng Nam B vi

Ty Nguyn. ng Nai c nhiu ngun ti nguyn a dng v phong ph gm ti

nguyn khong sn c vng, thic, km; nhiu m , cao lanh, than bn, t st,

ct sng; ti nguyn rng v ngun nc...Ngoi ra ng Nai cn pht trin thu

sn da vo h thng h p v sng ngi. Trong , h Tr An din tch 323km2 v

trn 60 sng, knh rch, rt thun li cho vic pht trin mt s thy sn nh: c

nui b, tm nui....Li th v v tr a l, iu kin t nhin l im mnh ca tnh

ng Nai trong qu trnh pht trin kinh t - x hi.

Tng sn phm quc ni GDP ng Nai nm 2010 c tng 13,5% so vi

nm 2009, trong ngnh cng nghip-xy dng tng 14,7%, ngnh dch v tng

31

14,7%, ngnh nng-lm nghip v thy sn tng 3,9%. Qui m GDP theo gi thc

t l 75.650 t ng. Tng kim ngch xut khu trn a bn tnh l 7,1 t USD tng

20,5% so vi cng k. Kim ngch nhp khu trn a bn t 7,9 t USD tng 19,1

so vi cng k (UBND Tnh ng Nai, 2010)

Bng 2-2: Kim ngch xut nhp khu tnh ng Nai nm 2010

Ch tiu VT Nm 2010 Nm 2010 so vi

Nm 2009 (%)

Tng kim ngch xut khu 1000 USD 7.100.000 120,5

Trung ng 1000 USD 159.7 108,6

a phng 1000 USD 405.1 112,8

u t nc ngoi 1000 USD 6.535.200 121,4

Tng kim ngch nhp khu 1000 USD 8.150.000 122,8

Trung ng 1000 USD 72.3 109,1

a phng 1000 USD 154.4 110,0

u t nc ngoi 1000 USD 7.923.300 123,3

Mt hng xut khu ch yu ca a phng

C ph Tn 34.5 115,0

Cao su Tn 250 25,0

Mt ong Tn 3.56 127,1

Ht iu nhn Tn 7 87,5

Hng mc tinh ch 1000 USD 30.5 113,0

Gm - TCMN 1000 USD 4.5 86,5

a tre 1000 USD 220 67,5

Giy dp 1000 USD 30.4 110,5

Hng may mc 1000 USD 37.8 108,0

Hng xut khu khc 1000 USD 21.45 109,6

Mt hng nhp khu ch yu ca a phng

Xe ti cc loi Chic

Phn bn Tn 50 62,5

Ht ging Tn

Ht iu th Tn 18.5 180,6

Ha cht cng nghip 1000 USD 410 91,1

NPL thuc l 1000 USD 7.6 101,3

NPL cho sn xut 1000 USD 50 120,5

Hng ha khc 1000 USD 7.26 138,7

Ngun: www.dongnai.gov.vn

http://www.dongnai.gov.vn/

32

2.1.1.4. Tnh B Ra Vng Tu

B Ra - Vng Tu l mt tnh min ng Nam B, pha Bc gip tnh ng

Nai, pha ng Bc gip tnh Bnh Thun, pha Ty gip thnh ph H Ch Minh,

mt cn li gip bin ng vi hn 200 km b bin trong c 40 km l bi tm.

V tr ny rt c bit, y chnh l ca ng hng ra bin ng ca cc tnh trong

khu vc min ng Nam B. V tr ny cho php tnh B Ra - Vng Tu hi t

nhiu tim nng pht trin cc ngnh kinh t bin nh: khai thc du kh trn

bin, khai thc cng bin v vn ti bin, khai thc v ch bin hi sn, pht trin du

lch ngh dng v tm bin. v tr ny, B Ra - Vng Tu c iu kin pht trin

tt c cc tuyn giao thng ng b, ng khng, ng thy, ng st v l

mt a im trung chuyn i cc ni trong nc v th gii.

Nm 2010 tnh B Ra Vng Tu mc d cn gp nhiu kh khn nhng

hot ng xut khu trn a bn tnh c s tng trng kh. Tng kim ngch

xut khu tr du kh t hn 1 t USD, tng 22% so vi nm 2009. y l ln u

tin tnh B RaVng Tu t kim ngch xut khu trn 1 t USD. Trong :

doanh nghip trong nc t 293,16 triu USD, doanh nghip c vn u t nc

ngoi t 797,64 triu USD. C 5 mt hng tng trng c v kim ngch v sn

lng so vi nm 2009 l: vi gi da, sn phm gi da, ti xch, du iu, thp. 3

mt hng tng trng v kim ngch, nhng sn lng gim l: hi sn, cao su, ht

iu. Cn cc mt hng khc gim c v kim ngch v sn lng. Th trng xut

khu c xu hng chuyn dch t chu sang chu u.

Thng 3-2011, kim ngch nhp khu ton tnh 77,69 triu USD, tng 13,85%

so vi thng trc v gim 3,71% so cng k nm ngoi. Trong , doanh nghip

trong nc nhp 2,19 triu USD, tng 21,4% so vi thng trc v gim 66,93% so

vi cng k; doanh nghip c vn u t nc ngoi 75,5 triu USD, tng 13,65%

so vi thng trc, gim 9,49% so vi cng k. Tnh chung qu I-2011, kim ngch

nhp khu ton tnh 194,02 triu USD, gim 4,11% so cng k nm ngoi. Trong

, doanh nghip trong nc 6,61 triu USD, gim 64,13%; doanh nghip c vn

u t nc ngoi 187,41 triu USD, tng 1,9%. Trong qu I-2011, kim ngch nhp

khu ton tnh gim 4,11% so vi cng k ch yu do gim nhp khu my mc,

33

thit b v hng tiu dng. Ring nhm nguyn nhin vt liu v vt t l nhm

chim t trng cao nht, chim n 98,63%, tng 4,8%. Mt s mt hng nhp khu

tng cao l: thp, la m, nguyn liu giy da. iu ny cho thy xut khu cc mt

hng cng nghip, tiu th cng nghip ca tnh vn ph thuc vo nguyn liu ca

nc ngoi v gia cng l chnh, nn khi xut khu ca nhm hng ny tng th

nhp khu nguyn liu cho nhm ny cng tng theo. (VLR, 2010)

Trn a bn tnh c 14 KCN c thnh lp vi tng din tch t 8.800 ha,

trong din tch t cng nghip l 6.000 ha. Sn lng hng xut nhp theo Bng

2-3 giao thng ti tnh cng l rt nhiu v y tim nng cho dch v logistics

pht trin.

Bng 2-3: c tnh s lng container xut nhp ti cc KCN B Ra - Vng Tu (TEU)

KCN 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

KCN Ph M 3 20.878 22.131 25.898 27.356 28.587

KCN Ph M 1 21.458 23.656 23.865 26.544 28.212

KCN Ph M 2 20.987 24.236 26.852 29.008 31.434

KCN ng Xuyn 35.422 38.467 38.433 41.676 42.657

KCN M Xun A1 28.321 29.900 30.678 31.123 32.000

KCN M Xun A2 29.206 30.834 31.637 32.096 33.000

KCN M Xun B1 25.1840 26.589 27.280 27.676 28.456

KCN Ci Mp 1 28.223 29.796 30.527 31.015 31.889

KCN khc 7.403 7.816 8.019 8.136 8.365

Tng 217.082 233.425 243.189 254.630 264.600

Ngun: VLR, s 36, 10/2010

2.1.2. Thc trng hot ng logistics trn th trng min Nam Vit Nam

2.1.2.1. Thnh ph H Ch Minh

Do iu kin t nhin v lch s, TP. HCM c xy dng trn giao l ni

lin gia min ng v min Ty Nam B cng nh ni lin vi min Bc v min

Trung nn c mt h thng giao thng ngy cng pht trin c v ng b, ng

sng, ng st cng nh ng hng khng. Chnh v vy m khi lng vn

34

chuyn hng ho ca vn ti a phng thnh ph H Ch Minh khng ngng gia

tng. TP. HCM cng l mt trung tm quc t c ng b i Campuchia; cng Si

Gn v sn bay Tn Sn Nht ca thnh ph m nhn 60-70% khi lng vn

chuyn quc t v hng ho v hnh khch mi nm. Vic h thng song hnh

ng b-ng st lin ngang qua thnh ph trong tng lai gn s to iu

kin thun li cho thnh ph nng cao nng lc cng nh a dng ho phng tin

vn chuyn quc t ca mnh. Thnh ph cng c mt h thng kho tng bn bi rt

pht trin p ng nhu cu vn chuyn lin vng.

L v tr trung tm ht nhn ca a bn kinh t trng im pha Nam, thnh

ph H Ch Minh hng nm n nhn mt khi lng vn chuyn hnh khch v

hng ho rt ln qua u mi ca thnh ph, qua 4 phng thc vn chuyn : ng

b, ng thy, ng st v ng hng khng; trong ng b lun gi vai

tr ch o. Cc quc l trong vng kinh t trng im pha nam ni chung u

ng qui v trung tm thnh ph H Ch Minh k c quc l 51 cng ni vi TP.

HCM qua quc l 1A, li dng cu bc qua sng ng Nai. Nng lc hot ng

ca cc cng bin khu vc TP. HCM rt ln v c chiu hng gia tng nhanh

nhng nm gn y. Tng lng hng ho thng qua cc cng khu vc TP. HCM i

cc ni tng mnh. C s vt cht k thut bao gm din tch kho bi cha hng

ho v trang thit b xp d ca h thng cc cng cng tng ln v c hin i

ho ng k. Trong vng kinh t trng im pha Nam c nhng cng bin ln nh

h thng cng bin Vng Tu, cng Si Gn. Trong cng bin Si Gn l cng

ln nht vng vi 100 ngn m2 kho v 325 ngn m

2 bi cha hng (trong bi

cha container rng 25 ngn m2), v vi nng lc bc d theo thit k l 10 triu

tn/nm, c th tip nhn tu c trng ti t 15.000-20.000 tn. TP. HCM l mt

im chuyn ti chnh gia cc h thng vn chuyn ng thy ni a vi ng

bin, ng b v ng st. Bn cnh ngnh hng khng trong vng kinh t

trng im pha nam cng pht trin nhanh chng, trong ng k nht l sn bay

quc t Tn Sn Nht thuc thnh ph H Ch Minh. Hin nay thnh ph ang hnh

thnh cc h thng giao thng quan trng nh tuyn ng Xuyn , i l ng -

Ty, cng nh vic m rng cc tuyn ng trng yu trn a bn thnh ph s

35

gp phn thay i b mt thnh ph, p ng yu cu pht trin kinh t trong thi

k mi.

Bn cnh li th v tr a l thun li v cc qui hoch pht trin c s h

tng vn tn ti nhiu vn cn phi quan tm gii quyt nh tn ti vn nn kho

bi lng ph trn a bn thnh ph. Theo thng k, TP. HCM c 77 kho bi vi

tng din tch 317.362m2, trong cc doanh nghip trung ng qun l 33 kho vi

din tch 198.413m2, cc n v ca thnh ph qun l 44 kho vi din tch

118.949m2. Trong s 77 kho bi ny, c 23 kho s dng sai mc ch, cho thu li

vi din tch 24.270,6m2 v 10 kho b trng vi din tch 33.495,3m

2; Kt cu h

tng tuy c pht trin nhng cha theo kp vi nhu cu pht trin kinh t - x hi v

ang ngy cng qu ti; H thng ng giao thng lin tnh, lin vng, lin quc

gia pht trin chm, hn ch lin kt pht trin lin vng cng nh gim kh nng

pht huy ni lc ca vng; Vic pht trin h thng cng bin cha hp l trn a

bn. ng st chm pht trin, gy tnh trng ch tc ti mt s cu, bn; Cc

KCN, mng li th, c s h tng pht trin mnh v rng khp, song qun l

xy dng km hiu qu, thiu s gn kt gia pht trin KCN v pht trin th,

h tng, thiu tm nhn chin lc v khng gian v thi gian.

2.1.2.2. Tnh Bnh Dng

Bnh Dng l mt trong nhng tnh c tc tng trng kinh t cao, pht

trin cng nghip nng ng ca c nc. Bnh Dng l ca ng giao thng vi

TP. HCM, trung tm kinh t - vn ha ca c nc c cc trc l giao thng huyt

mch ca quc gia chy qua nh quc l 13, quc l 14, ng H Ch Minh,

ng Xuyn ; cch sn bay quc t Tn Sn Nht v cc cng bin ch t 10 -

15 km thun li cho pht trin kinh t - x hi ton din. Trong nhng nm gn

y, tc tng trng kinh t lun mc cao, GDP tng bnh qun khong

14,5%/nm. C cu kinh t chuyn bin tch cc, cng nghip, dch v tng trng

nhanh v chim t trng cao, nm 2010, t l cng nghip - xy dng 63%, dch v

32,6% v nng lm nghip 4,4%. Hin nay, Bnh Dng c hn 1.200 doanh

nghip trong v ngoi nc ang hot ng c tng vn ng k hn 13 t la M.

36

C li th l ni tp trung cc cng ty ln vi lng hng xut nhp khu

thng xuyn, cc KCN ti Bnh Dng l ch ngm ca cc hng tu trong vic

hnh thnh h thng kho bi nhm qui tp hng xut nhp cho cc hng tu trc

khi a v cng xut tu. n c ALP Logitsics m kho tp kt hng ti KCN

Sng Thn, Maersk Line cng m kho ngoi quan ti a bn ny nhm lm im

giao nhn hng cho cc doanh nghip ngay trong KCN. Trn a bn c cc trung

tm logistics c a vo hot ng nh: Trung tm Logistics SGL ti KCN

Sng Thn ca lin doanh Schenker Vit Nam v Gemandept; Trung tm Logistics

YCH-Protrade ti Thun An, Bnh Dng ca lin doanh gia Cng ty SX XNK

Bnh Dng (Protrade) v Tp on YCH, Singapore. Ngoi ra cc cng ty cung

cp dch v vn ti container cng nhm n cc KCN trn a bn t bi tp

kt phng tin nhm p ng kp thi nhu cu vn ti container ca cc doanh

nghip trong KCN. Bn cnh s ra i ca cc cng cn trong khu vc (Cng

Thch Phc) cng to nhiu thun li v hn ch chi ph bng phng thc vn

chuyn bng s lan v Cng Ci Mp-Th Vi. Cng ging nh cc tnh thnh khc,

trn a bn tnh vn gp phi cc nt tht v s pht trin thiu ng b v c s

h tng, iu ny nh hng trc tip ti nh hng pht trin ca tnh

2.1.2.3. Tnh ng Nai

ng Nai l mt tnh nm trong vng pht trin kinh t trng im pha

Nam, ng Nai tip gip vi cc vng sau: Pha ng gip tnh Bnh Thun, Pha

ng Bc gip tnh Lm ng, Pha Ty gip Thnh ph H Ch Minh, Pha Ty

Bc gip tnh Bnh Dng v Bnh Phc, Pha Nam gip tnh B Ra - Vng Tu.

ng Nai l tnh c h thng giao thng thun tin vi nhiu tuyn giao thng

huyt mch chy qua nh: quc l 1A, quc l 20, quc l 51; tuyn ng st Bc

- Nam; gn cng Si Gn, sn bay quc t Tn Sn Nht to iu kin thun li

cho hot ng kinh t trong vng cng nh giao thng vi c nc ng thi c

vai tr gn kt vng ng Nam B vi Ty Nguyn. ng Nai l tnh c din tch

trung bnh mi KCN thuc din ln nht c nc vi 29 KCN trn din tch 15.670

ha vi cc KCN nh Bin Ha I, II, KCN Nhn Trch I, II, III v KCN AmataC

kho ngoi quan ICD Bin Ha hng xut nhp khu trong tnh qui v u mi ny

khai quan mt cch d dng v nhanh chng trc khi a v cng xut tu.

37

Ngoi ra, cng ng Nai cng l mt u mi gip gim chi ph v thi gian thp

nht t vic vn chuyn bng xe ti thay v bng s lan trc tip xung khu cng ln

nh Ci Mp. C th thy trong tng lai gn, c hi cho pht trin dch v

logistics trn a bn tnh l rt ln.

2.1.2.4. Tnh B Ra Vng Tu

B Ra Vng Tu c v tr rt c bit, y chnh l ca ng hng ra bin

ng ca cc tnh trong khu vc min ng Nam B. V tr ny cho php tnh B

Ra - Vng Tu hi t nhiu tim nng pht trin cc ngnh kinh t bin nh:

khai thc du kh trn bin, khai thc cng bin v vn ti bin, khai thc v ch

bin hi sn, pht trin du lch ngh dng v tm bin. v tr ny, B Ra - Vng

Tu c iu kin pht trin tt c cc tuyn giao thng ng b, ng khng,

ng thy, ng st v l mt a im trung chuyn i cc ni trong nc

v th gii.

Kinh doanh lnh vc logistics trn a bn Tnh hin ti c nh gi c bn

sau: C s h tng Tnh hi t cc tin , li th v pht trin ngnh dch v

logistics nh h thng cng nc su pht trin thnh cng ca ng quc t loi 1A,

mng li giao thng ng b, ng thy, ng st c qui hoch v tng

bc u t ng b kt ni lin hon vi mng li giao thng khu vc thun tin,

m rng ng quc l 51, ng cao tc Bin Ha Long Thnh Du Giy,

ng lin cng, h thng ng st c qui hoch cng sn bay quc t Long

Thnh. Tuy hi t cc yu t cn thit pht trin nhng hin ti Tnh mi ch

tp trung h thng cng m khu vc logistics vn cn rt nh b so vi nhu cu. H

tng c s vt cht ng b phc v vic chuyn ch container, hng siu trng

siu trng, dng lu chuyn hng ha tr ln yu km v lc hu. Ngun nhn

lc phc v ngnh logistics ti Tnh cn thiu v cha ng b. Cc doanh nghip

trn a bn Tnh cha c nng lc xy dng v trin khai cc d n logistics

c gi tr gia tng cao v mang tm chin lc. Cc ngun li ln t ngnh dch v

logistics trn sn nh cha c cc doanh nghip GNVT trong nc khai thc. Cc

doanh nghip ca Tnh ch ng vai tr l nh cung cp v tinh nh cho thu kho

bi, lm i l hi quan, hay ch mi p ng mt phn ca nhu cu ni a hoc ch

38

tp trung vo mt vi ngnh dch v trong chui gi tr dch v logistics. Nhn

chung cc doanh nghip hot ng cn hn ch, kh nng tp trung ngun lc, nhn

lc, vt lc yu v ri rc.

2.2. THC TRNG HOT NG KINH DOANH CA CC DOANH

NGHIP GNVT VIT NAM TRN TH TRNG MIN NAM VIT

NAM TRONG THI GIAN QUA

2.2.1. Thc trng v hot ng kinh doanh ca cc doanh nghip GNVT Vit

Nam trn th trng min Nam Vit Nam

Theo thng k VIFFAS hin c khong hn 800 cng ty giao nhn vn ti

(GNVT) chnh thc ang hot ng, trong c khong 18% l cng ty Nh nc;

70% l cng ty TNHH, doanh nghip t nhn; 10% cc doanh nghip GNVT cha

c giy php v 2% cng ty logistics do nc ngoi u t vn. c tnh thng k

s b th s lng doanh nghip hot ng logistics trn th trng min Nam

khong 600-700 n v. Tnh n 6/2011 c 158 l cng ty thnh vin ca Hip hi

giao nhn Vit Nam (VIFFAS), trong 137 hi vin chnh thc v 18 hi vin lin

kt. a s cc cng ty u c qui m nh v va, vn ng k bnh qun 1,5 t

ng, ch c vi cng ty Nh nc c vn ng k l tng i ln. ...

Trn th trng min Nam t sau khi Lut u t nc ngoi c ban hnh,

dch v vn ti giao nhn tr thnh nhu cu thit yu i vi hng ho xut nhp

khu k c ca cc c nhn, t chc, cng ty khc nhau. Mt khc, kinh doanh

khng phi b vn ln u t ban u vt cht nh cc ngnh khc, m li nhun

cao, thu hi vn nhanh nn hng lot cc cng ty kinh doanh dch v vn ti nc

ngoi xm nhp hot ng ti th trng ny. Hin nay, thnh ph H Ch

Minh cc cng ty logistics a s tp trung vo cc lnh vc vn chuyn hng cng

trnh (Project Cargo) v cc mt hng gia cng xut khuCng vi s pht trin

ca cc cng ty logistics, cc hng tu cng m ra b phn logistics hot ng ti

th trng TP. HCM nh NYK Logistics, Mearsk Logistics, APL Logistics, MOL

Logistics,

Trn thc t, mt s cc doanh nghip GNVT Vit Nam trn th trng min

Nam thng tr thnh i l cho cc doanh nghip logistics nc ngoi. L do l

39

mt s cng ty giao nhn nc ngoi khi mi i vo hot ng ti Vit Nam, do

cha quen thuc vi th trng, cha bit nhiu lut l thng nh mt cng ty

vn ti nh nc lm i l. Sau mt thi gian khi n nh v i vo hot ng

tt, cc cng ty ny tch ra hot ng c lp (thng qua vic cho ngi quen

m cng ty Vit Nam lm i l).

Cc cng ty GNVT Vit Nam khu vc pha Nam thc s cung cp dch v

logistics theo ng ngha vn cn kh t. Nhiu cng ty vn cung cp nhng dch v

giao nhn truyn thng, h ch chn mt s tuyn chnh pht trin kinh doanh.

Cc cng ty GNVT Vit Nam trn th trng min Nam cng p dng CNTT vo

hot ng kinh doanh logistics nhng vn ch dng li website gii thiu v cng

ty, hot ng v tin tc ni b ngnh, hoc giao dch vi khch hng thng qua

internet nh mail, faxm khng h c cc tin ch m khch hng cn nh: cng

c theo di n hng (Track and Trade), lch tu, e-booking, theo di chng

tKh nng nhn thy v kim sot n hng (Visibility) l yu t khch hng

quan tm hng u. Trn th gii, mt s ng trm ln trong lnh vc logistics nh

APL Logitics, Mearsk Logistics c h thng thng tin hin i v hot ng hiu

qu v c li th cnh tranh trn th gii.

Thc t, vi nm tr li y, dch v logistics theo hng 3PL xm nhp,

v ang pht trin ti Vit Nam. Bn thn cc cng ty trong nc cng nh cc

cng ty hot ng trn th trng min Nam tuy th phn khng ln, trnh dch

v cha cao nhng bit tn dng cc u th trong nc v mt phn vo h thng

i l nc ngoi pht trin, gt hi nhiu kinh nghim v tr thnh cc cng ty

giao nhn vn ti a phng thc, cc cng ty giao nhn d n, cng trnh, cc cng

ty gom hng Tuy nhin thc s l nh cung cp 3PL nh xu hng pht trin

ca th gii th cha c cng ty GNVT Vit Nam no. Cc cng ty GNVT Vit

Nam khu vc min Nam hu ht ang tham gia hot ng kinh doanh mt phn

trong chui cung cp dch v logistics. Dch v logistics theo hng 3PL c nhiu

tim nng pht trin ti Vit Nam. Do , nu ch cung cp cc dch v kho vn n

gin, thun ty m khng tch hp chng thnh qu trnh, chui dch v, ngi

cung ng dch v kh c th tha mn khch hng v mt gim chi ph cng nh

tnh p ng nhanh (Quick Responsiveness).

40

V d mt kho hng ti khu cng nghip VSIP Bnh Dng thit lp

dch v 3PL chnh trong kho hng 4.000 m2 ny. Kh nng cung ng cho khch

hng ca kho ny, t vic tip nhn cc ph tng, bn thnh phm, sau phn loi,

theo di, kim tra, ng gi v chuyn n cc nh my ti Vit Nam hoc gi i

nc ngoi u theo phng thc cung ng JIT (ng thi im). Cc thit b phc

v trong qu trnh , ngoi thit b bc d, vn chuyn cn c h thng thng tin,

p dng cng ngh m vch (Bar Coding) v nhn din bng sng (RFID). Qu

trnh dch v 3PL ny gip khch hng kim sot v nhn r bng mt h thng

thng tin trao i d liu (EDI), nm bt chnh xc dng chy nguyn liu, hng

ha ca mnh, kim sot c tn kho v m bo a nguyn liu kp lch trnh

sn xut ti nh my.

Nhn chung, xt v mc pht trin v hot ng c th thy cc cng ty

GNVT Vit Nam ang kinh doanh trn th trng min Nam c th chia thnh 4 cp

sau:

- Cp 1: L cc i l giao nhn truyn thng ch thun ty cung cp cc

dch v do khch hng yu cu. Thng thng cc dch v l: vn chuyn hng

ha bng ng b, thay mt khch hng lm th tc hi quan, lm cc chng t,

lu kho bi, giao nhn. cp ny, 80% cc cng ty GNVT phi thu li kho bi

v dch v vn ti v a phn l cc cng ty nh: Unilink Jsc., Orient Jsc., Pac

Co.,Ltd..

- Cp 2: Cc i l giao nhn ng vai tr ngi gom hng v cp vn

n nh (House Bill of Lading). Nguyn tc hot ng ca h l da trn i l c

quyn ti cc cng ln thc hin vic ng/ rt hng xut nhp khu. Ch c

khong 10% doanh nghip Vit Nam c kh nng cung cp dch v gom hng CFS

ca chnh h hoc do h thu ca nh thu. Cc cng ty ny s dng vn n nh

nh vn n ca hng tu nhng ch c mt s mua bo him trch nhim giao nhn

vn ti: Thamico, Bee Logistics, Oversea, OFC, Vinatrans..

- Cp 3: i l giao nhn ng vai tr l nh vn ti a phng thc

(MTO). Trong vai tr ny, mt s cng ty phi hp vi cng ty nc ngoi ti

cc cng d hng bng mt hp ng ph t ng thu xp vn ti hng ha ti

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im cui cng theo vn n. Hin nay, c hn 50% cc i l GNVT Vit Nam

hot ng nh i l MTO ni vi mng li khp cc nc trn th gii:

Thamico, Mekong, Sagawa, Yusen Sea and Air Services Co., Ltd.

- Cp 4: i l giao nhn tr thnh nh cung cp dch v logistics. y l

kt qu tt yu ca qu trnh hi nhp, mt s tp on ln trn th gii c mt

ti Vit Nam hot ng rt hiu qu dch v logistics nh: Kuehne & Nagel,

Schenker, Bikart, Ikea, APL, TNT, NYK, Maerskv cc lin doanh hot ng

trong lnh vc ny nh: First Logistics,

2.2.2. Mt s doanh nghip GNVT Vit Nam tham gia kinh doanh dch v

logistics trn th trng min Nam

2.2.2.1. Cng ty c phn Dch v Vn ti Si Gn (Tranaco)

Tin thn ca Cng ty l Cng ty Dch v Vn ti Si Gn, chnh thc thnh

lp nm 1976 theo Quyt nh s: 1310/Q-BGTVT ca B trng B Giao thng

Vn ti. S vn ban u c Nh nc giao ti thi im thnh lp l 7,2 triu

ng. Trc thi k i mi (mc thi gian nm 1986) Tranaco l n v u ngnh

trong lnh vc giao thng vn ti, c quyn qun l giao thng vn ti tuyn Bc

Nam. Sau thi k i mi do b nh hng bi c ch lm vic thi k bao cp ca

ban lnh o c li cho nn hot ng sn xut kinh doanh ca cng ty b st

gim ng k. Ngy 27 thng 10 nm 2005 Cng ty Dch v Vn ti Si Gn c

phn ha thnh cng chuyn m hnh doanh nghip nh nc sang thnh Cng ty

C Phn Dch v Vn ti Si Gn (tn vit tt: Tranaco) vi vn iu l l hn 14,9

t VN theo Giy chng nhn ng k kinh doanh s 4103003977 ngy 27 thng

10 nm 2005 (Quyt nh c phn ha doanh nghip nh nc sang cng ty c phn

s 3257/Q-BGTVT ngy 28 thng 10 nm 2004 ca B giao thng vn ti). Hot

ng theo m hnh Cng ty C phn, Tranaco c quyn t quyt trong k hoch

sn xut kinh doanh, v cng vi nh hng ng n ca Hi ng qun tr

a Tranaco pht trin v khng nh thng hiu ca mnh trn th trng, c

ci cch c v cht v lng cho nn li nhun sau thu hng nm tng ln ng k,

t khong 8 t VN nm 2010, quy m cng c m rng, lnh vc vn ti hng

ha siu trng siu trng ang c m rng mng li trn ton quc. p

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ng cho vic pht trin Cng ty nng vn iu l t 14,9 t VN ln hn 27,6 t

VN theo giy chng nhn ng k kinh doanh thay i ln th hai 14/9/2010 do

S k hoch u t Thnh ph H Ch Minh cp.

Cc lnh vc hot ng chnh ca Cng ty ngay t khi thnh lp l: Vn ti

a phng thc quc t. Vn ti hng ha thng thng, hng siu trng, siu

trng, vn ti hng ha bng container, hng ha qu cnh cho Lo, Campuchia v

cc nc trong khu vc; Vn ti ng thy; Vn ti ng b, ng ng; Dch v

vn ti giao nhn hnh ha trong v ngoi nc. Kinh doanh khai thc cng bin,

dch v bc d hng ha ti cng bin; hot ng kho bi

Hin nay Tranaco c bn hng trn c nc nh gi l n v chuyn

nghip trong ngnh vn ti hng ha siu trng, siu trng. Tranaco l mt n v

chuyn nghip trong ngnh ngh giao nhn, vn chuyn, bc xp thit b, hng ha

thng thng, hng ha siu trng, siu trng cho cc cng trnh trng im Quc

gia, cng tc m bo an ton tuyt i ng tin . Vi nhng n lc ca Cng ty

v nhng thnh tu t c trong qu trnh hot ng, pht trin, Cng ty khng

ch vinh d c Nh nc trao tng nhiu danh hiu cao qu m cn c cc t chc

trong nc trao tng nhiu gii thng v hot ng kinh doanh hiu qu.

C th ni, Tranaco l mt doanh nghip Nh nc in hnh hot ng

trong lnh vc logistics vi qui m khng nh, to c uy tn trn th trng ni

a. Tuy nhin, cng ging nh cc cng ty GNVT khc l Tranaco mnh th

trng ni a, phm vi cung cp dch v ch yu vn ti hng ni a a phng

thc c bit l tp trung vn chuyn hng cng trnh xy dng v cc dch v giao

nhn truyn thng. Phm vi bao ph cung cp cc khu ca chu trnh lun chuyn

ca hng ha cha rng khp theo tiu chun ca mt 3PL. V vy, Tranaco vn cn

c tm nhn chin lc kinh doanh lu di v t ph pht trin ton din c v

qui m, s lng, cht lng

2.2.2.2. Cng ty c phn Kho vn Giao nhn Ngoi thng (Transimex Si Gn)

Cng ty C phn Kho vn Giao nhn Ngoi thng (Transimex Si Gn) l

mt trong nhng Cng ty hng u trong lnh vc giao nhn hng ha XNK trn th

trng min Nam. Gn 30 nm hat ng, vt qua nhiu thng trm v th thch

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trn thng trng, Transimex Si Gn khng ngng ln mnh c v quy m ln

cht lng, ngy cng c khch hng trong v ngoi nc tn nhim. nh gi v

quy m kinh doanh cng nh kinh nghim thc tin hin ti TransimexSaigon

ang nm trong top 3 doanh nghip hng u, hot ng trong lnh vc logistics ti