¦v¯ áÚ|õ¯P® · 2016 ¦v¯ áÚ|õ¯P® 3 ©õºU]¯&ö ÛÛ¯ Aµ]¯À Hk öuõSv: 32 CuÌ:...

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Transcript of ¦v¯ áÚ|õ¯P® · 2016 ¦v¯ áÚ|õ¯P® 3 ©õºU]¯&ö ÛÛ¯ Aµ]¯À Hk öuõSv: 32 CuÌ:...

Page 1: ¦v¯ áÚ|õ¯P® · 2016 ¦v¯ áÚ|õ¯P® 3 ©õºU]¯&ö ÛÛ¯ Aµ]¯À Hk öuõSv: 32 CuÌ: 1 2016 110 - \Và¸BVs[ gâE! = ‘‘    ...  ’’
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¦v¯ áÚ|õ¯P® 20164

弫Í]« ¼\V½:""káìßEl['' åVBïªV,

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¦v¯ áÚ|õ¯P® 2016 5

­­­­­­­­­­ ­­ ­­­­­ ­­ ­­­­­.

­­­,­ ­ ­­­ ­­ ­­­­­­ ­­­­­­­,­­­­­­­­­ ­­­­ ­­­­­­­.­­­­,­­­­ ­­­­­­­­­ ­ ­­­­­­­­­­.­ ­­ ­ ­­­­­ ­­ ­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­ ­­­­­.­­ ­ ,­ ­20­­­­,­­­­­­­­1.5­­ ­­­ ­­­­­ ­­­.­­­,­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­,­­­­­­­­2.5­­­­,­ ­ 20­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­.

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¦v¯ áÚ|õ¯P® 20166

­ ­­­­­ ­­­­­ ­­­­­­,­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­.­

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,­ ­­ ­­­­ ­ ­­­­­,­­,­ ­,­­­­,­­­ ­­­­­­ ­­­­ ­­­.­ ­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ ­ ­­­ ­­­­ ­­ ­­­.­­­­­,­­­­­­­,­­­­­­­­­­­­ ,­ ­­­ ­­­­­ ­­­­­­­ ­­­­.

­ ­ ­­­ ­­­ ­­­ 46,000­ ­ ­­­­ 51,000­­ ­­ ­ ­­ ­ ­­

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¦v¯ áÚ|õ¯P® 2016 7

2013­ ­­­­ ­­­ ­­­­­­ ­­ ­­­ ­­ ­­­ ­­ 1­­ ­­­­ ­­­­­­ ­­ ­­­­,­..­.­.­­.­­­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ ­­­ ­,­­­ ­­­­ ­­­­­ ­ ­­­­­ ­ ­­ ­­.­­­­,­­­­­­­­ ­­ ­­­­­­­­­1.26­­­­­,­­­ .8.30−­­ ­,­­ ­­ .22.53−­­­ ­ ­­ ­

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¦v¯ áÚ|õ¯P® 20168

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¦v¯ áÚ|õ¯P® 2016 9

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­ ­­ ­­­ ­­ ­­­­­ ­,­ ­­­­­ ­ ­­­ ­ ­­ ­­ ­­ ­ ,­­ ­­­­ ­­­­­ ­ ­ ­­­­­­­­?­,­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­,­­­­­­ ­­­­­­.­ ­ ­­ ­­­,­ ­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­?­

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¦v¯ áÚ|õ¯P® 201610

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­.

?

? ?

?

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¦v¯ áÚ|õ¯P® 2016 11

­?­­­­­­­­­­­­?

­­­­ ­­ ­­­­­­­­?­­­­­­­­­­­­­ ­­­­­ ­ ­­ ­­­­­­­ ­­­­­ ­ ­,­ ­­­­ ­­­ ­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­?

­­­­­­­­­­­ ­­­ ­­­,­ ­­­­­,­ ­­­,­­­­­ ­­ ­ ­­­­ ­ ­ ­­ ­­­­­­­­,­­­­ ­­ ­­­ ­­­­ ­­ ­­­­­­­­­ ­ ­ ­­­­­­­­ ­ ­­­ ­­­ ­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­?

- ?

­ ­­­ ­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­ ­­?­ ­­­­­­­­.­­­­,­ ­­­­­,­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ ­­­­ ­­­ ­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­.­ ­­ ­­­­ ­­­­,­­­­­­­­­­­ ­­ ­­­­­ ­ ­­­­,­ ­­­­ ­­­ ­­ ­­­­­,­ ­ ­­ ­­­­­.

­ ­ ­­.­­­­­­­­­­ ­­­ ­­,­­­­­­­­­ ‘‘’’­ ­­­­­­ ­­­ ­­­.­ ­­­­­.

­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ ­ ­­­­­ ­­­­.­ ­­ ­­­ ­­ ­­ ­­ .­­­­­­ ­­­­ ­­­­ ­ ­­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­.

­­,­ ­­­­ ­­­­­ ­­ ­­­­­­­­­ ­­­ ­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­.­ ­­­ ­­ ­­­­­­­­­­,­ ­­­­ ­­ ­­­­­­.

?

‘‘­­ ­­ ­­­ ­ ;­ ­­ ­­ ­­ ­­­­­ ­­ ­­ ­­ ­­­­­­­­­­−­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­.’’

‘‘­­­­­­ ­­­­­ ­ ­­­ ­­­ ­ ­ ­’’­­­­­­­?­­ ‘‘­­­­­’’­ ­­

­­?­ ­­­­­­­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­?

­­ ­­ ­­­ ­­ ­­.­ ­­ ­­,­

­­­ ­ ­­­­­­?­ ­­­ ­­ ­­­­­ ­­ ­­ ­­­­ ­­ ­­­ ­­ ­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­.­ ­­­­­­­­­­ ­­­ ­­­ ­­­­.­ ­ ­­­­­­­­­­ ­­­­­­ ­­­

­­­­­­.­.

­­­­­

­­­

­­.

.

.

.

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¦v¯ áÚ|õ¯P® 201612

­ ­­­­­­­ ­­­ ­­­­.

­ ­­­ .­­­­ ­­­ ­ ­­ ­ ­­­­­ ­­ ­ ­­­ ­­­­­­,­ ‘‘­­­­­­­’’­ ­­­.­­ ­­­­ ­­­ ­­­­­.­­­­­­­­­­­­­.­‘‘­­­,­­­­­­­­­’’­­­­.

­­­­­­­­­­­,­­­­­­ ­­ ­­­ .­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­.

. !

­­ ­­­­ ­­,­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ ­­ ­­.­ ­ ­ ­­­­?

‘‘­­(­­)­­­­­­­,­ ­­­­ ­­ ­.­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­.­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ ­­­­ ­­­­ ­­.­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­.­ ­­ ­­­ ­­­­­­­.­­­­ ­­­­­ ­ ­­ ­­ ­­ ­­­()­­,­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ ­­.­ ­­­ ­­­­­ ­­­,­ ­­­­­­­­ ­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­.­ ­­ ­­ ­­­­­­­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ ­­­.’’

­­­ ­­ ­ ­­,­ ­ ­­­­ ­­­­­­ ­­­­ ­­­­.

‘‘­­ ­­­ ­­­­­ ­­­­­­.­ ­ ­­ ­­­ ­­­ ­­­­­ ­­­­,­­­­­­

­­­­ ­­­­­­­­ ,­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ ­­­­­ ­­.­ ­­ ­­­ ­ ­­ ­­ 2007­−­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­,­­­­­­­­262−­­­­­­­ ­ ­ ­­­ ­­­­.­ ,­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­’’­ ­ ­­­­.

­ ­ ­­­­­­ ­ ­­­­­ ­ ­ ­­,­ ­­ (MIDS)­ ­­ .­­­­­­­­­ ‘‘­ ­’’­ ­ ­ ­­­­­­­­­.­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­,­ ­­­ ‘‘­­­­ ­­­­­’’­ ­ ­­ ­­­­ ­­­­.­ ­­­ ­­­­­­ ­­­ ­ ­­­ ­­­.

‘‘­­­­ ­­ ­.­ ­ ­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ ­­­­ ­­­,­­­­­ ­­ ­­ ,­192­..−,­20­..­­­­­­­­ ­­­ ­ ­­ ­.­

­,­ ­­ ­­­­ ­ ­­­.­­­­­­­ ­­ ­’’­­­.

­­­ ­­­­­ ­ .­ ­­ ­ ­ ­­­­­ ,­ ­

­­­­­.

,

. .

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¦v¯ áÚ|õ¯P® 2016 13

­ ­ ­­ ­­ ­­­ ­­­­­­ ­ ­­.­­­ ­­­ ­­­­.­ ­­­ ­ ­­­ .­ ­ ­­­­.

­­­­­­­­­­­­­­.­ ­ ­­ ­­ ­­ ­ ­­­­­­,­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­!­­­­­­­­­­­ ­ ­­­­ ­­ ­­ ­­ ­­ ­­­.­ ­­ ­­­­­­­‘‘’’­­­­­­­­­­­.

− !

‘‘­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­.­­­­­­­?­­­­­­­?­­­­­­­­;­­­!’’­­­.

­ ­,­ ­ ­­ ­ ­­­­­ ­­ ­­­­.­ ­­ ­­­ ­ ­­­­­ ­­ ­­­­­ ­­ ­­­­­­­­.

‘‘­­ ­ ­ ­­­ ­­­ ­­­ ­­­­ ­ ­,­ 1924­ ­­­­­­­­­ ­ ­­­­ ­­­­ ­­.­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ ­.­ ,­­­ ­­­ ­­­ ­­­­ ­­­ ­­­­­ ­­­.­­ ­ ­­

­­­­­­­­­­­­­­.­ ­­ ­ ­­­ ­­­­­ ­­­ ­­ ­­ ­­­­.­1924−­­­­­ ­­­ ­­­ ­ ­­ ­­ ­­,­ ­­­ ­­­ ­­­­­­­­­.­­­­­­­­­­ ­!’’­ ­­­­­.

­­­­ ‘‘­­­’’­ ­­ ­ ­­­­ ­­­ ­­­­­ ­­­­­ ­­ ­­­ ­ ­­­­.­ ­­ ­­ ­­­­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­,­ ­­­­ ­­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­.

!

­­­­­­­­­­­­­ ­­­­­ ­­ ­­­­­­­­−­853­...­­­­­­­­­ (­­ ­)­ ­­­­­­­243­...­­­­­­­­­177­...

­­­­­ ­­ ­­ ­­­­­3,475­...­­­­­­­­­­­ ­­ 13­ ­­­­­ ­­­­­ 2,000­...­­­­­­ ­­ ­ 1,500­ ...­ ­ 3,475­

..­­­ ­­­­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­­ ­ 1,872­...

­ ­ ­ ­­­­ ­­­­­­­705­...­­­­­ ­­ ­­­­­­­190­...

­ ­ ­ ­­­ ­­ ­­­

. ,

.

.

­­­­­­­­­­­­­.

Page 14: ¦v¯ áÚ|õ¯P® · 2016 ¦v¯ áÚ|õ¯P® 3 ©õºU]¯&ö ÛÛ¯ Aµ]¯À Hk öuõSv: 32 CuÌ: 1 2016 110 - \Và¸BVs[ gâE! = ‘‘    ...  ’’

¦v¯ áÚ|õ¯P® 201614

­­ ­­­­­ ­ ­­­­ ­­­ ­ ­­ ­­923­ ..­ ­­ ­­­­­­­ ­­­­­­ ­ ­­­ ­­­­­ ­­­­­­ ­­ ­­­­­ ..­­­.­ ­­­ ­­ ­­ ­­­­­­­­142­..­­­­ ­­­­­ ­ ­­­­­­ ­­ 2002−­ .­.­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ - .

­­­­­ ­­­ ­ 6.1­ ­­­­,­ ­­­­ ­­­ ­7.21­ ­ ­­­­­­­ ­­­­.

­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ ­­­­­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ ­­ ­.­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­2013−­­­ ­­­­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­140­­­­­­­­­­­.­­48%­­­­­­­­.­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ ­­­ (50%).­ ­­­­­­­­.

­­­­­­­­ ­ ­­­­,­­­ ‘‘­­­­­­’’­ ­­­­ ­ ­ ­­­­­­?­­­­­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ ­ ,­ ­‘‘­­­­’’­ ­­?­ ­­­­­ 666­..,­ ­­­­­ 911­..,­­­­­­1,001­

..­ ­ ­­ ­ ­­­ ­­­­ ­­­­­ ­ ­?

- , - -!

‘‘­ ­’’­ ­ ­­­ ­­­­ ­­­­­­­­ ­­­,­­ ­­

­­­­­­­­­­­­,­­­­­­­­­ ­­­­ ­­.­ ­ ­­­­ ­­­ ­­­­­­.­ ­ ­,­ ­­­­­­­ 38­­­­­­­ 18­ ­­ ­­ ­­­­­­­.­­­­­­­­­ 80­ ­­­­­­­.­­2013−­­­­­­.­­­­­­­­­­­­­­.­­­­­ ­­ ­ ­­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­.

­­­­­ ­ ­ ­­­ 20­..,­­­­­­­­,­­­ ­­­­ ­­­­­­­­.­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­,­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ - .

‘‘­­­­­­­­­ ­­­­ ­­­­­’’­ ­ .­­­­­ ­­­ ‘‘­’’­­­­­,­ ­ ­­­ ­ ­­­ ­.­ ­­­­­ ­­­­­ ­­­ ­ ­­­­­.

­­­ 2000­ ­­­­ ­­ ­­­,­­­­

2013-

,

140 .

48% . (50%). .

­­­­­­­­­­?­?

Page 15: ¦v¯ áÚ|õ¯P® · 2016 ¦v¯ áÚ|õ¯P® 3 ©õºU]¯&ö ÛÛ¯ Aµ]¯À Hk öuõSv: 32 CuÌ: 1 2016 110 - \Và¸BVs[ gâE! = ‘‘    ...  ’’

¦v¯ áÚ|õ¯P® 2016 15

­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­.­ ‘‘­­­­­­,­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ ­ ?’’­­ ­ ­ ­­­­­ ­­ ­­­­,­­­­ ­­­­ ­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­.

­­ ­ ­!­.­,­ ­­,­ ­,­­­,­­­­,­ ­ ­­,­­­­­ ­­­­­­­­ ­­­­­ ­­­­ ­­­­ ­­­ ­ ­­­­ ­­­­­?

­ ­ ­ ­­­ ­­­­­­­­­ ­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­.

‘‘­­­ ­­­,­­­­­­ ­ ­ ­­ ­­­­?­­­ ­­­ ­­­ ­ ­­­­­ ­­ ,­ ­­­­­­ ­ ­­ ­ ­ ­­­­­­­­­?­­­­­­­­­­­­­’’­­­­.

­ ­­­ ­­ ­ ­ ­­­ ­ ­­ ,­ ­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­,­ ­­­­­­­­­.­­­­­­­­­­­­.­­­­­­­­!

­!­ ­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­.

‘‘­­ ­ ­­ ­­ ­­ ­,­ ­­ ­­­­ ­­ ­­­

,

.

.

­’’­ ­­­­­.­ ­­­ ­­­ ­­ ­­­ ­ ­ ­­.­ ­ ­ (­­­ 2016)­ ­ ­­­­­ ­­,­ ‘‘..­­­−­ ­­ ­?’’­ ­ ­ ­­­­.­ ­ ­­ ­­­­­­­.

­­­ ­­­­ ­­­­­­­.

‘‘­­,­­,­­­­­­­­ ­­­­ ­­­ .­ ­­ ­­­­­.­ ­­­­­ ­­­­ ­­­­­ ­­­­­­?’’

­ ­,­­ ­­ ­ ­ ­ ­

­­­­­­­­­.­­­ ­­­ ‘‘­­ ­­ ?’’­­..­­­­­­­­­­,­‘‘­ ­ ­­­ ­ ­­ ­­­’’­ ­ ­­­ ­ ­.­­­­­­‘‘­­­­­­­­­­ ­ ­­­ ­­­­­ ­ ­­ ­ ­­?’’­­ ­­­ ­.­ ­­ ­ ­­.­­­.

‘‘­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ ­ ­ ­­­ ­­?’’­ ­ ­ ­­­­­ ­­­­−­­­,­­­,­­­.

‘‘­ ­­ ­ ­­­ ­­­­’’­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­,­­ ­­ ­­ ­ ­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­?

=­­

­­­­­3,475­...­­­­­­­13­­­­­­2,000­...­

:­­­!

Page 16: ¦v¯ áÚ|õ¯P® · 2016 ¦v¯ áÚ|õ¯P® 3 ©õºU]¯&ö ÛÛ¯ Aµ]¯À Hk öuõSv: 32 CuÌ: 1 2016 110 - \Và¸BVs[ gâE! = ‘‘    ...  ’’

¦v¯ áÚ|õ¯P® 201616

­ 24.10.2016­ ­ ­­−­­­ ­­ ­­­­ ­­ ­­­ 28­ ­­­­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­...­­­­­.­ ­­­ ­­­ ­ ­­­­­.

­­­­ ­ ­­­­­ ­­­ ­­­­­­,­­­­ ­­ ­­­­­ ­­­ ­.­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­.­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­,­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ ­­­­ ­­­­­­­.

­­­ ­­­ ­­,­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ ­­ ­­­­­­­.­ ­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­.­ ­­­­­­­,­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­.­­­­­­,­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­,­ ­­­­ ­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­.

­­­­­­­ ­­­ ­ ­ ­,­ ­­ ­ ­­ ­­­ ­­­­ ­­ ­­­­,­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­.­­­­­ ­­­ ­­­ ­­­,­­­­­­­ ­ ­­ ­­­ −­­ ­­­ ­­ ­­­­­ ­­­.­ ­­­­,­ ­­­ ­­­ ­­­­.­ ­­­­­ ­­­ ­ ­­­­ ­­ ­­­ ,­­­­­­­­­­­­ ­­­­ ­­­­­­­ ­ ­­.­ ‘‘­­­­­­­­ ­ ­­ ­’’­ ­ ­ ­­ ­­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­.

­­­­­­­,­­­­­­­­­­ ­ ­­­­­­.­­­­­ .­.­.­ ­ ­­­ ­ ­­­ ­­­­ ­­ ­­­ ­­­;­ ­­­­­­­­­­ ­ ­­­­ ­­ ­­­ ­­­­­­­­­ ­­­­­­.­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­.

,­ ­­­­ ­­­­­­ ­,­ ­­­­­­ ­­­­­­­ ­­

\_ïV[þö ¼ÃVo¼\V>_ ØïVçé: ØÄVÍ> åVâ| \Âï^ *m å¦Ý>©Ãâ¦

Äì÷Âï_ ü½ç«Â!

­

­­­­­­­­­­­­­­.

Page 17: ¦v¯ áÚ|õ¯P® · 2016 ¦v¯ áÚ|õ¯P® 3 ©õºU]¯&ö ÛÛ¯ Aµ]¯À Hk öuõSv: 32 CuÌ: 1 2016 110 - \Và¸BVs[ gâE! = ‘‘    ...  ’’

¦v¯ áÚ|õ¯P® 2016 17

­­ ­­­­­­­­ ­ ­­ ­ ­­ ­­­­­­­­­­ ­­­­ ­­­­­­ ­­­­.­­­­,­­ ­­­­­­­­ ­­ ­­­­­ ­­,­ ­­­­­ ­­ ­­­­­­­­­­ ­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­.

­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­.­,­­­­­­­­ ­­­ ­­­­ ­­­­.­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ ­­­­.­ ,­ ­­­ ­­ ­­­­­­­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­.

­­ ­­­­­­­­­,­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ ­­­ ­­­,­ ­­ ­­ ­ ­­.­ ,­ ­ ­­ ­­­­­ ­­,­ ­ ­­­­­­­­ ­,­ ­,­ ­­­

­­­­­,

­ ­­­­ ­ ­­­­ 32−­­­­­­­­.­­­­­­ ­ ­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­,­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ ­­­ ­­ ­­­­ ­­­ −­ ­­­­­­­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­.­

­­­ ­­­­ ­ ­­­­­­ ­­­ ­­­­ ­­­­

­ ­,­ ­­ ­ ­ ­­­­ ­­­­­ ­ ­­­­­­­,­ ­­­ ­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ 32−­­­ ­ ­­­­­.­

­­ ­­ ­­­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­−7­­­­­­­­!

−­­­­.

,­ ­­­­­­­ ­ ­­.­ ­­­­­ ­ ­­ ­­ ­­­,­ ­­­ ­­­­­­­ ­­ ­­­­­ ­­­.­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ ­­­­ ­­­­­­­­­­.

­ ­­­­­,­ ­­ ­­ ­­­ ­­­­ ­ ­­­­­­­ ­.­ ­ ­ ­ ­­­­­­­­­,­­­­­­­­­­­­­ ­­­­ ­­­­­­­.­,­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­,­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ ­ ­ ­­ ­ ­­­­.­ ­ ­­ ­ ­­­­ ­­­­­­ ­­­ ­­­­ ­­­­­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­.

−­.­,­ ,

.

‘‘­­.­­­’’­­­­­­­­­­­.

(­)

32−

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¦v¯ áÚ|õ¯P® 201618

­­­ ­ .­.­.­­­­,­ ­­­,­­­­,­ ­­,­ ­­­ ­ 5­ ­­­­­­ ­­­­­ ­ ­­ ­,­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­16,2016­­­­­­­­­­­­.­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­,­­­­­­­­ ­­ ­,­ ­­­­ ­­­­­­­­ ­­­ ­­­­­ ­­­­­.

­­­­­­­..­.−­­.­­­­­­­­­40­­­­­­­­­­­­..­.−­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­.­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ ­­­­­­ ­­.­ 1947−­­ ­,­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­.­

­­­,­ ­­,­ ­­­­ ­ ­­­­ ­­­ ­­­ /­ ­­­­­ ­ ­,­ ­­­­ ­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ ­­­­­­ ­ ­.­

­­ ­­­­­ ­­­­ ­ ­,­ ­­­­­­­­­­­ ­­­ ­­ ­­­­­­ ­ ­­.­­ ­­­­­­ ­­­­­­­ ­­ ­­­­­ ­­ ­ ­­­­­ ­ ­­.­ ,­­ ­­ ­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­,­ ­­­­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­ ­ ­­ ­­­­­­­­.­

‘‘­ ­­ ­­­­­­­­­ ­­­­ ­­­­­ ­­­ ’’­­ ­­­­ ­­­­­­ ­­­­­­ ­­­­­­­.­­­­­­?­­­­­­.­.­­­­ ­ ­­­­­ ­­­­ ­ ‘‘­’’­­­­­­­­­ ­­­ ­ ­­­­­­.­ ­­ ­­ ­­­­­­ ­­ ­­­­­­ ­­­ ­­ ­­­­.­ ­­ ­­­­­!

­­­ ­ ­,­­­,­ ­ ­­­­­­ ­­­­ ­­­

>twï kwÂï¤Qìï^ *m kVµåV^ >ç¦ !k.c.E.Âz© ¸[ªì Ö¼>V, x>[xçÅBVï!!

!...− , !!

,

.

­­­­­­­­­­­

­­­.­(­)

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¦v¯ áÚ|õ¯P® 2016 19

­ ­­­­­.­ ­ ­­­­­ ,­ ­­­ ­ ­­­­­­­­­ ­­­ ­ ­­­­­ ­­­­­­­ ­­ ­­ .­ ­­­­ ­ ­­­­­­­ 50%­ ­­ ­­­­­ ­­­­ ­­ ­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­.­­­­­­­­ ­­­­­.­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ ­­­­­­.­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ ­­­ ­­­ ­­­­­­­ ­ ­­­ ­­­­ ­­­ ­ ­ ­­­­­­­­­.­

­­­­ ­­­­ ­­­ ­­­­ ­­ ­­­,­ ­­ ­­­­­ ­ ­­­ ­­ ­ ­­.­­­­­­­­­ ­­ ­­­­­­ ­­­­ ­­,­ ­­­ ­ ­­ ,­ ­ ­­­ ­­­­­­ ‘‘­­ ­­­­’’­­­­­.­

­­ ­­ ­ ­­ ­ ­­­.­­­­­­­­,­ ‘‘­­­­­­­­­ ­­­­ ­’’.­ ­­­­­­­ ­­ ­­ ­­­­­.­ ­ ­­­ ­­­ ­­­ ­­­.­,­ ­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­ ­­ ­ ­ ­­ ­­­­­­­­­.­ ­ ­ ­­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­­­­ ­­­­.­

­ ­­­­­ ­­­­­ ­ ­­­ ­ ­ ­ ­­

,­ ­­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­­­­­­­­ ­ ­.­ ­,­ ­­­­ ­­­­,­ ­­ ­­ ­­­­ ,­ ­­­­ ­­­­­ ­­­­­­­­­­ ­­­­­­­.­ ­ ­­,­‘‘­­­­ ­­­­ ­­­ ­­­ ­ ­­ ­­­ ­

­.­­­­­­’’­­­­­­­­­­­­.­

‘‘­ ­­ ­­ ­’’­ ­ ­­­­­,­ ‘‘­­­­­ ­­­’’­­­­­­­­­­­.­­­­ ­­­­ ­­ ­­.­­ ­­­­ ­­ ­ ­­­­­­­­­­,­­­­­­­,­­­­­­­­­­ ­­­­ ­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­,­­­­­­­ ­­ ­ ­ ­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­.­ ­­­­ ­­­ ­­­,­ ­­­­ ­ ­­­ ­­­­­­­­­.

­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­,­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ ­­ ­­­­­­­­ .­­­­ ­­­­­­­

,­ ­­­­,­ ­­,­ ­ ,­­ ­ ­­­­ ­­­­­­­ ­­­ ­­­­.­ ...­­­­­­­ ­­­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­­ ­ ­­­­ ­,­ ­­ ­

­­­­­­­­­­

­.

­­­­­­:­­­­()­

­­.

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¦v¯ áÚ|õ¯P® 201620

2002−­ ..­­,­2009−­..­­­­,­­­­­ ­ ­­2016−­­­­­­­­­!

­ ­­­ ­­­‘‘­­­­­ ­­­ ­’’­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­,­DMH−11­(DHARA­MUSTARD­HYBRID−11)­ ­­­ ­­­­­ ,­ ­­ ­­­­ ­ ­ ­,­­­­ ­­­ ­­­­ ­­ ­­­ ­­­­­.

\«¬M ï|z: ÖÍ]B cð¡ßÄÍç>çBÂ

çï©ÃuÅÝ m½ÂzDk_é«·ï¹[ Ö[ÐØ\Vò g¥>D!

2002− .., 2009− .., 2016−

!

­­­­ ­ ­­ ­­­­­­ ­­­.­ ­­ ­­ ­­ ­­ ­­ ­­­ ­­ ­­­.­

­­ ­ ­ ­­­­­ ­ ­­­­­ ­­­­ ­ ­­ ­­ ­­­­­­­­ .­.­.­ ­­­ ­­­.­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ ­­ ­­­.­­­­­­­­­ ­­­­­ ­­­­­­ ­­.­ ‘‘­ ­­,­­­­­­’’­ ­ ­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­.­

­­­­­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­ ­­ ­­­ ­­ ­.­ ­­­­ ­ ­­­.­­­­­­­­­ ­ ,­ ­­­­­ ­­­­­­­ ­­ ­.­­ ­ ­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­.­

­­­­­­ ­­­­­­­­ ­­­­­­ ­­ ­­ ­­­­?­ ­­­ ­­­­ ­ ­­­­ ­­­­­ ­­.­ ­­­ ­­­­­­­ ­­ ­­­,­­­­­­­­­.­ ­­­­ ­,­­­­­ ­­­­­­ ­ ­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­.­­­­­­.­ ­­­ ­­­ ­­­ ­­­­.­

­­­ ­­ ­ ­­­­­,­­?­­­ ­­­­ ­­­­ ‘‘­­­ ­­­­­’’­ (GEAC),­­­­ ­ ­ ­­,­­­­­­­­­ ­ ­­.­­­­ ­ ‘‘­­­­ ­­ ­ ­ ­­ ­­­­­­’’­ ­ ­­­­.­ ­­­,­­­­­­ ­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­.­ ,­ ­­ ­­­

­­,­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­.­(­)

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¦v¯ áÚ|õ¯P® 2016 21

­­ ­­­ ­­­­ ­­­,­ ­ 24.6.2016−­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ ‘‘­­­ ­­ ­­­’’(GEAC).

­­­ ­ ­­­ ­ ­­­­­ ­­ ­­­ ..­­­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­,­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­?­­­­­­­­ ­­­­ ­­ ­­ ­­­­­­­?

­­­ ­ ­­ ­­ ­­­­­­ ‘‘­­­ ­ ­­­­’’­ (bacillus­ amyloliquefaciens)­ ­ ­­­­­­­ ­­­­­ ‘­’,­ ‘­’,­­­‘’­­­­­­­­­.­­­­,­­­­­­­­­­­­.­­­,­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­.­­,­­­­­­­(glufocinate)­­­­­­­­­­­­­­.­­­­­­­­­­DMH−11­­­­­ ­­­­ ­­­­­.

− !

­­­ ­­ ­­ ­­­­­­ ­­­­ ­­ ­­­­­ ­­­­,­­­,­,­ ‘‘2002−­­ ­­­­ −­­ ­­­ ­­­ ­­­ ­­­­­’’­ ­

­ ­­­­­­­ ­­­­­­­­.­,­­­­­­­­­,­­­ ­­­­ ­­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­!­­­­­­­­­­­­,­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­.

=­ .­­­ ­­ ­­­­ ­­­,­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­.

=­ .­.­­ −­ ­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­.

=­ .­­­­­ −­ ,­ ­,­ ..­.­­.­­­­­­­­­­­­­ ‘­­­­­­­­­­’­­­­.­­­­,­­­­­­­­­(NIN)­­­­­.

­­­,­­­­­­­­­­­­­­,­­­­­­­­­­­­,­­­­­­­­­­.

- !

­­­ ­­­ ­­ ­­­ ­­­ ­­­ ­­­­­­ ­.­ ‘‘­­­­­­­­­­­ ­ ­­ ­­­ ­­ ­ ­­­ ­­­ ­­ ,­ ­­­­­­­­­­

­­­­­.

,

.

,

.

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¦v¯ áÚ|õ¯P® 201622

­­­.­ ­­­­­­­­­­,­­­­­­­­­­­ ­’’­­ ­­­­­­­­­­.

‘‘­­ ­­­­ ­ ­­.­ ­­­ ­­ ­­­.­ ­­ ­ ­­­­.­ ­­ ­­­­ ­­­ ­­­.­ ­­­­ ­­­­ ­­­­­­­­ ­­­­ ­­­­­ ­­’’­­ ­­ ­ ­­­­­ ­­­­ ­­­­­!

­­­ ­­ ­­­­­ ­­ ­­ ­­­­ ­­­­­ ­­­,­ ­­­­­­­­­­93%­­­­­­­­­­..­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­.

­­­­­ ,­ ­­ ­­­­­­­ ­ ­ ­­­­ ­­­ ­,­ ‘‘­­­­ ­ ­­­­ ­ ­­­ ­.­ ­­ ­­­­(BIO­ SAFTY)­ .­ ­­/­

­­­ ­’’­­ ­­ ­­­.

­ ­­­­­,­ ­­ ­­­­­ ­­­­­(­,­ ­­­,­­­­ ­­ ­­)­ ­ ­­.­ ­­­­ ­­ ­­,­­­.­­­­­­­­­­­­­

.

­­­­ ,­­ ­­­­ ­­,­ ­­ ­­ ­­ ­­­­ ­­­ ­­­­ ,­ ,­­ ­ ­­ ­

­­­­ ­ ­­­­ ­­­­­­ ­­­.­ ­,­­ ..,­ ­­,­­ ..­ ­­­­­­­­ ­­­­ ­­.­ ­­­ ­­ ­­­,­ ­­­­­­­­­­ ­­­ ­­­­­­ ­ ­­­­­­.­­­­­­­­ 60.36­­­­­­­­­­­­80­­­­­­­­­­­.­ ­­­ ­­­

,

93%

..

.

­­­­­­­­.­(­)

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¦v¯ áÚ|õ¯P® 2016 23

­­­ ­­­­ 7000­­9000­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­.­­­­­­ ­ ­­­­­ ­­ ­­­­­.

­,­ ­ ­­­,­ ­­­­ ­­­­ ­ ­­­­ ­­ ­­­­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ ­­­ ­­.­ ­ ­­ ­­­ ­­­­,­ ­­ ­­­ ­ ­­­­ ­­­­.­ ­­­­­­­­­­­ 1990−­ ­­­­­ ­ ­­­­­ ­­­ ­­­­­.

!

‘‘­­ ­­­­ ­­­­ ,­­­­­­­­­’’­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­,­­,­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­.­1998−­ ­­­ ­­­ ­ ­ 150­ ­­­ ­ ­,­ ­­ 190­­ ­­ ­ ­ ­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­.­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ ­­­­ ­ ­,­­­­­ ­­ ­ ­ ­­­­­­­­­.­­­­­ ­­ ­­­­­,­ ­­ ­ ­­ ­­ ­­­­ ­­ ­­­.­ ­­,­ ,­ ,­­­,­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­.

­­­­­­­­­­­­­217­­­.­­­­­­89.78­­­.­­127.31­­­­­­­ ­­­­­.­ ­ (­­­ )­ ­,­

­­­ 68%­ ­­­ ­­ ­­­ ­­ ­­ ­­­­.­ ­­ ­­­ 80,000­ ­ ­­­ ­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­.

­­ 20%­ ­ ­­­ ­ ­­­­ ­­ ­­­ ­­ ­­­­­­­­ ­­­­­­­­­­ ­ ­­­­­­ ­­­­­­­­.

2005−06−­ ­­­ ­­ ­­­­ 83.16­ ­­ ­­­­ ­­.­ ­­­­­­­ 2014−15−­ ­5­ ­­ ­­ ­­­ 89.78­ ­­ ­­ ­.­ ­ ­­ ­­ ­­­­­­ 40.91­ ­­­­­­ 127.31­­­­−­­­­­­­­.­ ­­­ ­­­­­ ­ ­

­­ ­ ­­­,­ ­­ ­­­ ­­­­ ­ ­­­­­­.

‘‘,­ ­ ­­­­­’’,­ ‘‘25%­­­­ ’’­ ­ ­­­ ­­­­­­ ­ ­­­ ­­ ­­­ ­­­­­­ ­­­­­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­,­­­­ ­ ­­­ ­,­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­.­­­­­,­­­­­­­­,­ ­­­ ­­ ­­­­­­­ ,­ ­,­ ,­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­.

­ ­­ ­­­­­ ­­­­­ ­­­­ ­ ­ ­.­ ­­­ ‘­­’­ ­­­ ­ ­­­­­­­ ­­­­ ‘­­­­­ ’!­ ­­ ­­,­ ­­­­­,­­?

=­,­..; .

217 . 89.78

. 127.31 .

, 68%

.

‘‘­­­­­­’’­­­­­­­­

­­.

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¦v¯ áÚ|õ¯P® 201624

.­­­ ­­­ ­­ ­ ­ ­­­­ ­­­­­­­­ ­­­ ­­ 12­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­31−­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­.­­­­­­­­­ ­­­­­­­­ ­­­ ­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­,­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­.­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­,­­­­­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­.

­­ ­­­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­.­ ­,­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­.­­­,­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­2011−­­­­­­­­­­­­,­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ ­­ ­ ­­.­ ­­ ‘­­­’­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­,­­­­­­­

­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­.

­,­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ ­­ ­­­­­­­­­­,­­­­­­­­­ ­­­­ ­ ­­­­­ ­­ ­ ­­­­.­­­ ­ ,­ ‘‘1894­ −­­­ ­­­ ­ 3­ ()­­ ­­­ ‘­ ­­­’­ (Public­ Purpose)­ ­­­­­­ ­ ­­­­­­­­ ­.­ ­,­ ­­ ­ ­­­­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­‘­­­’­­­­’’­ ­ ­ ­­ ­­.

­­ ­ ,­ ‘‘­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ ­­­­­­­­ ­ ­ ­­­­­­ ­­­ ‘­­­’­­ ­­.­ ­ ­­­ ­­­­ ­ ­­­­­­,­­­­­­ ­ ­­­­­­­’’­­­­­­­­.

­ ­­­­­ ­­­ ­ ­­ ­­­­ ­­­­,­ 1894−­­ ­­­­ 7−­­­­­­ ­­­,­ ­­­­­­­­­ ­­­­­­­­­­ ­­­ ­­­ ­­­­­­ ­­­­­­­­.­­­,­ ­­­­­­­ ­­ ­­ ‘‘­ ­­­?’’­ ­ ­­ ­­­­ ­­­ ­­­­

, ,

.

Eºíì yì©A:skÄVlïÓÂz þâ½B Øku¤BV?

­­­­.­(­)

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¦v¯ áÚ|õ¯P® 2016 25

­­­­­.­

1894−­ ­­­­ ­ ­­­­­­ ­­,­‘‘­­­­­’’­­­­­ ­­­ ­­­­ ­­­­­­.­ ­­ ­­­­­ ­­­­ ­­­­ ­­­ ­­ ­­­ ­­,­ ­ ­­­­­­­ ,­­,­ ­­,­­­­­ ­­ ­­­ ­­­­­ ­­ ­­­­­ ­ ­­ ­­­ ­­­­­.­ ­ ­­­­,­ ­­ ­­­­ ­ ­­­ ­­ ­­ ­­­­­ ­­.­­­­­­­­­­­­ ­­­ −­ ­­­­­­ ­ ­­­ ­­ ­­.­ ­ ­­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­,­ ­­­­­­­ ­­­ ­­ −­ ­­‘‘­­­­’’­­­­­­­­­­.­­­­­­­­­­­­ ­­­ ­­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­.­

­,­­­­­,­­­­­−­­­­ ­ ­­­­­ ­­­­­­,­­­­­­­­ ‘‘­­­­’’­ ­ ­­ ­­­­­ ­­­­­­­ ­­­­­­ ­ ­­­­ ­­­­­­­­.­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ ­­­ ­­­­ ­­ ­­­ ­ ­­­­­­­­­­2013−­­‘‘­­ ­­­,­ ­­­­­,­ ­,­­’’­(LARRA−2013)­­­­.­­

­ ­ 2014−­­ ­­­­ ­­­ ­­­ ­­­ ­ ...­ ­­­­­­­­ ­.­ ­­­­­ ­­­ ­­­­­ ­­­­ ­­­­­­­­­ ­ ­ ­­­­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­,­­­­­­­­­.­­­­­,­

‘‘­­ ­­­’’­ ­­ ­­­­­­­­­ ­­­(Smart­ Cities)­ ­­ ­­ ­­.­ ­­­ ­­ ­­­2013−­ ­­­ ­­­­­ ­­­ ­ 3­(­−)­ ­,­ ­­ ­­­­­­­ ­­­

­,­ ­­­ ­ ­­­­ ­ ­­ ­­ ­ ­­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ ­­­ ­.­ ­­­­­­­­,­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ ­­­­ ­­­­­­­­­ ­ ­,­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ ­ ­­­­ ­­ ­ ­­­ .­ ­­­­­ ­­­­­­ ­­­­­ ­­­­ ­ ­­­­­­­­­­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­.­

­­­,­­­­,­­­­900­­­ ­ 99­ ­­­­­ ­­­­­ ‘­­­’­ ­­­ ­­­ ­­­­,­ ­ ­­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­.­­­­­­­­­­,­­­­­­­­­­­­­ ­­­­­­­ ­ ­­­­ ­­­?­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­,­­­­­­­­ ­­­­.­ ­ ­­ ­­­­ ­ ­­­ ­ ­­­ ­.­ ­ ­­ ­­ ­­­­­,­ ­­­­­­ ­­­­­­.­

­­­,­ ‘‘­­­’’­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ ­­ ­­­ ­­­­­­­­ ­­ ­­­­­ ­­­­­ ­­­­­­­­­ ­­­­ ­­­­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­.­

,­?:­­­­­­­.

Page 26: ¦v¯ áÚ|õ¯P® · 2016 ¦v¯ áÚ|õ¯P® 3 ©õºU]¯&ö ÛÛ¯ Aµ]¯À Hk öuõSv: 32 CuÌ: 1 2016 110 - \Và¸BVs[ gâE! = ‘‘    ...  ’’

¦v¯ áÚ|õ¯P® 201626

­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ ­­­­.­ ­ 35­ ­­­­ ­­­ /­­­­­­­­­­­.­2.8­­­­­­­−­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­.­(http://www.indiaspend.com/cover−story/unspent−money−for−dalitstrib­als−42−6−billion−8−times−agri−budget−90181)

­­­/­­­­ ­­­ ­­­ ­­­­ ‘‘­­­ ­­­­­ ­­’’­(Scheduled­Caste­Sub­Plan),­­­‘‘­­­­­­­­­­’’­ (Tribal­ Sub­ Plan)­­ ­­­­­­ 70−­­­­­­­­­­.­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­/­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­.

­­­­ ­­­ ­ ­­ ­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­16.5%­­­­­­­ ­­­­,­ 8.6%­ ­­­­­ ­­­­­ ­­ ­­­­­ ­.­ ­ ­­­­­­­­­.­­­­­­­­

­­­­­2014−15­­­­ ­­­ ­­,­­­­­­­­­ ­­­­ 5­­­­ ­­ (5,27,723.72­ )­ ­­.

­ ­ ­­­ ­­­­­ ­­ ­­­.­­ ­ ­­­ ­­­­­­ 2012−13­ ­­ ­­ .­ 3952­ ­­,­2013−14−­ 6839­ ­­,­ 2014−15­­ ­­­­­ 20,513­ ­­­ ­­ ­­ ­­­­­­.­­­ ­­­­­ ­ ­ (­­­­­­­ ­­ )­ ­­ ­­­ ­­­ 250%­ ­­­­­.­ ­ ­­ ­­­ ­­ ­ ­­­­­­­­­ ­­ ­­.­­ ­­ ­­­­ ­­ ­ ­­­­ ­­­.

­ ­­ ­­­­ ­­­ ­­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­,­ ­­­­­­,­ ­­ ­­­­ ­­ ­­.­­­­­­­­­­­,­ ,­ ­,­ ­­ ­ ­­­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­ ­­­ ­­ ­­.­2005­­2014­­­­­­­­­­­­.19,367­.­ ­­­­­­­ .16,970­.­ 2014−15­ ­­­ ­­ 61%­ (.4643­ )­ ­­ ­­­ ­­­­­­.­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ ,­ ­­ ­­­­ ­­ ­­­­ ­­­­­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­.­

ÖÍ> yõ¦Vç\ zuÅÝ][ \]©A2.8 éâÄD ¼ïV½ ÔÃVF!

,

, ,

.

­­­­­­­­­­();­­­­­..­­­

­.­(­)

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¦v¯ áÚ|õ¯P® 2016 27

­­ ­­­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­.­­­­­ ­­­­­ 2007−12­ ­­­­ ­ 3500­ ­­­ ­ ­­­­­­ ­­­­­­.­ ­­­­­­ 2002−2015­ ­ 13­ ­­­­­­­­­.5000­­­­­­­­.­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ ­­­ ­­­­­­­­­ ­­­ ­­­ ­­­­­­­.­

­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ ­­­ ­ ­­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­.­

­­­­­­?

­­­­­­ ­ ­ ­­­­.­ ­­ ­­ ­­­­­­ ­­ ­­.­ ­­­­­ ­­ ­­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­.­­­­­­ ­­­ ­­ ­­ ­.­­­­ ­­­­­­ ­­ ­­­­­ ­­­ ­ ­­­­ ­­­­.­ ­­­­­ ­­­ ­­ ­­­­ ­­ ­­­­,­­­­­­ ­­ ­ ­­­­ ­ ­­­­ ­­­­­­ ­­ .­ ­ ­­,­ ­­­­­150−­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­.

­,­ ­­,­ ­,­ ­­­­­­ ­­ ­­ ­ ­ ­­ ­­­­ ,­ ­­ ­­­ ­­­­­­ ­ ­­­­ ­­ ­­­­ ­­­­ ­ ­­.­ ­­ ­­­­,­­­­−­­­­­­­­­ ­­­­­­­­­ ­­­.

­ ­­­­­­­ ­­­­­ ­­ ­ ­­ ­­ ­­­­ ­­­­­­­­­­.­­­­­­

­­ ­­ ­­­ ­­ ­­­ ­ ­­­­­­­­­,­­­­­ ­­­­ ­­­,­­­­­­­­ ­­ ­­­­­­­ ­­­­­­.­ ­­ ­ ­

­­­­ ­­­­.­ ­­ ­­­­.

­­­ ­­­­­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­ ­­,­ ­­­ ­­­ ­­­,­ ­­­­!­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­.­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­.­

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Owned and Published by R. SHANMUGA RAJ, from Shop No. 110, 2nd Floor, 63, N.S.K. Salai, Kodambakkam, Chennai-600 024 andPrinted by him at EZHIL PRINTS, Shop No. 110, 2nd Floor, 63, N.S.K. Salai, Kodambakkam, Chennai-600 024. Editor: R. SHANMUGA RAJ.

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