UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Environmental · PDF fileindustrial chemicals...

31
UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (http://dare.uva.nl) UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Environmental fate & effects of new generation flame retardants Waaijers, S.L. Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Waaijers, S. L. (2014). Environmental fate & effects of new generation flame retardants General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: http://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. Download date: 09 May 2018

Transcript of UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Environmental · PDF fileindustrial chemicals...

Page 1: UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Environmental · PDF fileindustrial chemicals notification and assessment scheme NICNAS Full public - ... Mansell JE, ter Laak TL, ... Dekant

UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (http://dare.uva.nl)

UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository)

Environmental fate & effects of new generation flame retardants

Waaijers, S.L.

Link to publication

Citation for published version (APA):Waaijers, S. L. (2014). Environmental fate & effects of new generation flame retardants

General rightsIt is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s),other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons).

Disclaimer/Complaints regulationsIf you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, statingyour reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Askthe Library: http://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam,The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible.

Download date: 09 May 2018

Page 2: UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Environmental · PDF fileindustrial chemicals notification and assessment scheme NICNAS Full public - ... Mansell JE, ter Laak TL, ... Dekant

References

ACD/Labs (2011) ACD/PhysChem Suite. In: Advanced Chemistry Development, Inc.

Toronto, ON, Canada.

Adema DMM (1978) Daphnia-Magna as a Test Animal in Acute and Chronic Toxicity Tests.

Hydrobiologia 59:125-134.

Agerstrand M, Kuester A, Bachmann J, Breitholtz M, Ebert I, Rechenberg B, Ruden C (2011)

Reporting and evaluation criteria as means towards a transparent use of ecotoxicity data for

environmental risk assessment of pharmaceuticals. Environmental Pollution 159:2487-

2492.

Alaee M, Arias P, Sjodin A, Bergman A (2003) An overview of commercially used brominated

flame retardants, their applications, their use patterns in different countries/regions and

possible modes of release. Environment International 29:683-689.

Albemarle corporation (2003a) Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) - Magnifin C Grade Flame

retardants.

Albemarle corporation (2003b) Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) - Magnifin H Grades

Flame Retardants.

Albemarle corporation (2003c) Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) - Magnifin MV Grades

Flame Retardants.

Albemarle corporation (2009) Re: EPA- Industry DecaBDE Phase-Out Initiative. (U.S.

Environmental Protection Agency, ed), p 2 Washington DC, U.S.A.: Albemarle

Corporation.

Alongi J, Carletto RA, Di Blasio A, Carosio F, Bosco F,Malucelli G (2013) DNA: a novel,

green, natural flame retardant and suppressant for cotton. Journal of Materials Chemistry a

1:4779-4785.

AluChem (2003) Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) - Magnesium Hydroxide.

American Chemical Society (ACS) (2013) Scifinder, Chemical Abstracts Service:

Benzenphosphinic acid (CAS RN: 1779-48-2, accessed May 25, 2013); calculated using

Advanced Chemistry Development Inc. software (ACD/Labs), version 11.02; 1994-2013.

194

Page 3: UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Environmental · PDF fileindustrial chemicals notification and assessment scheme NICNAS Full public - ... Mansell JE, ter Laak TL, ... Dekant

References

American Chemistry Council Fire Safety. http://flameretardantsamericanchemistry com/Fire-

Safety#Protective-Benefits 2014, March 12.

American Chemistry Council Flame Retardant Basics. http://flameretardants

americanchemistry com/FAQs/Flame-Retardant-Basics html 2014, March 3.

Andresen JA, Grundmann A,Bester K (2004) Organophosphorus flame retardants and

plasticisers in surface waters. Science of the Total Environment 332:155-166.

Australian Government Regulator of Industrial Chemicals (1994) Flamtard H. In: National

industrial chemicals notification and assessment scheme NICNAS - Full public

reports,(Australian Department of Health and Ageing (administration), ed).

Australian Government Regulator of Industrial Chemicals (2000) Phosphoric acid, (1-

methylethylidene) di-4,1-phenylene tetraphenyl ester (Fyrolflex BDP). In: National

industrial chemicals notification and assessment scheme NICNAS - Full public

reports,(Australian Department of Health and Ageing (administration), ed).

Australian Government Regulator of Industrial Chemicals (2005) Chemical in Exolit OP 1312.

In: National industrial chemicals notification and assessment scheme NICNAS - Full

public reports,(Australian Department of Health and Ageing (administration), ed).

Australian Government Regulator of Industrial Chemicals (2006) Melapur 200 and Polymer in

Exolit OP 1312. In: National industrial chemicals notification and assessment scheme

NICNAS - Full public reports,(Australian Department of Health and Ageing

(administration), ed).

Babrauskas V, Blum A, Daley R, Birnbaum L (2011) Flame retardants in furniture foam:

benefits and risks. Fire Safety Science 10:265-278.

Babrauskas V, Lucas D, Eisenberg D, Singla V, Dedeo M, Blum A (2012) Flame retardants in

building insulation: a case for re-evaluating building codes. Building Research and

Information 40:738-755.

Bacaloni A, Cavaliere C, Foglia P, Nazzari M, Samperi R, Lagana A (2007) Liquid

chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry determination of organophosphorus flame

retardants and plasticizers in drinking and surface waters. Rapid Communications in Mass

Spectrometry 21:1123-1130.

195

Page 4: UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Environmental · PDF fileindustrial chemicals notification and assessment scheme NICNAS Full public - ... Mansell JE, ter Laak TL, ... Dekant

References

Baird DJ, Barber I, Bradley M, Calow P, Soares A (1989) The Daphnia bioassay - a critique.

Hydrobiologia 188:403-406.

Baird DJ, Barber I, Bradley M, Soares AMVM, Calow P (1991) A Comparative-Study of

Genotype Sensitivity to Acute Toxic Stress using Clones of Daphnia-Magna Straus.

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 21:257-265.

Bakker A, (2008) De canon van Amsterdam - voor nieuwe Amsterdammers. pp naar het boek

van Piet de Rooy en Emma Los. Amsterdam: Boom.

Barceloux DG (1999) Zinc. Journal of Toxicology-Clinical Toxicology 37:279-292.

Bauerlein PS, Mansell JE, ter Laak TL, de Voogt P (2012) Sorption Behavior of Charged and

Neutral Polar Organic Compounds on Solid Phase Extraction Materials: Which Functional

Group Governs Sorption? Environmental Science & Technology 46:954-961.

Bedard DL, Van Dort H, Deweerd KA (1998) Brominated biphenyls prime extensive

microbial reductive dehalogenation of Aroclor 1260 in Housatonic River sediment. Applied

Environmental Microbiology 64:1786-1795.

Bengtsson BE, Tarkpea M, Sletten T, Carlberg GE, Kringstad A, Renberg L (1986)

Bioaccumulation and effects of some technical triaryl phosphate products in fish and

Nitocra Spinipes. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 5:853-861.

Bergh C, Torgrip R, Emenius G, Ostman C (2011) Organophosphate and phthalate esters in

air and settled dust - a multi-location indoor study. Indoor Air 21:67-76.

Berthon G (2002) Aluminium speciation in relation to aluminium bioavailability, metabolism

and toxicity. Coordination Chemistry Reviews 228:319-341.

Betts KS (2007) Formulating green flame retardants. Environmental Science & Technology

41:7201-7202.

Bilkei-Gorzo A (1993) Neurotoxic effect of enteral aluminium. Food and Chemical Toxicology

31:357-361.

Bingham E, Cohrssen B, Powell CH (2001) Patty's Toxicology. In: Patty's Toxicology, vol. 1-9,

p V6 967 New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Birnbaum LS, Staskal DF (2004) Brominated flame retardants: Cause for concern?

Environmental Health Perspectives 112:9-17.

196

Page 5: UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Environmental · PDF fileindustrial chemicals notification and assessment scheme NICNAS Full public - ... Mansell JE, ter Laak TL, ... Dekant

References

Boon JP, Lewis WE, Tjoen-A-Choy MR, Allchin CR, Law RJ, de Boer J, ten Hallers-Tjabbes

CC, Zegers BN (2002) Levels of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants

in animals representing different trophic levels of the North Sea food web. Environmental

Science & Technology 36:4025-4032.

Borax (2004) Material Safety Data Sheet - Borogard ZB. Borax Inc.

Bromine Science and Environmental Forum (BSEF) (2014) Which EU legislation currently

regulates the use of brominated flame retardants? 2014, 3 March.

Budenheim (2010) Human Health and Environmental Fact Sheet - Melamine Polyphosphate

(Budit 3141 & Budit 3141 CA). Phosphorus, Inorganic & Nitrogen Flame Retardants

Association (Pinfa).

Burns CW (1969) Relation between filtering rate, temperature, and body size in four species of

Daphnia. Limnology and Oceanography 693-700.

Canadian Environmental Protection Agency (CEPA) (2007) Canadian Substances List;

http://www.ec.gc.ca/substances/ese/eng/esehome.cfm.

Carosio F, Di Blasio A, Cuttica F, Alongi J,Malucelli G (2014) Flame Retardancy of Polyester

and Polyester Cotton Blends Treated with Caseins. Industrial Engineering Chemistry

Research 53:3917-3923.

Centre of Fire Statistics of CTIF, Brushlinsky NN, Sokolov SV, Wagner P,Hall JR (2006)

World Fire Statistics - Presentation.

http://ec.europa.eu/consumers/cons_safe/presentations/21-02/ctif.pdf.

Ceresana Consulting (2014) Market Study Flame Retardants 3rd edition, Brochure.

Chang TC, Wu KH, Wu TR, Chiu YS (1998) Phosphorus, Sulfur and Silicon and the Related

Elements 139:45-56.

ChemEurope (2011) Life-Saving Fire Protection: Ceresana Analyses the Flame Retardant

Market - Press Release; http://www.chemeurope.com/en/news/133607/life-saving-fire-

protection-ceresana-analyses-the-flame-retardant-market.htm 28.07.2011.

Chemtura (2009) Re: DecaBDE Phase-Out Initiative. (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,

ed), p 2 Washington DC, U.S.A.: Chemtura Corporation.

Chen L,Wang Y (2010) A review on flame retardant technology in China. Part 1: development

of flame retardants. Polymers for Advanced Technologies 21:1-26.

197

Page 6: UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Environmental · PDF fileindustrial chemicals notification and assessment scheme NICNAS Full public - ... Mansell JE, ter Laak TL, ... Dekant

References

Chernysh EA, Bugerenk EF, Aksenov VI, Golubtso SA, Ponomare VV (1972)

Organophosphorus Heterocyclic-Compounds .3. Synthesis and Conversion of 10-Chloro-

10-Phospha-9-Oxa-9,10-Dihydrophenanthrene. Zhurnal Obshchei Khimii 42:93-96.

Ciba (2010) Human Health and Environmental Fact Sheet - Melamine Polyphosphate

(Melapur 200). Pinfa.

Clariant (2007) Human Health and Environmental Fact Sheet - Diethylphosphinic acid,

aluminium salt (Depal, Exolit OP 1230, Exolit OP 930, Exolit OP 935 (R)). In: Clariant

International Ltd: Pinfa.

Clariant (2010) Human Health and Environmental Fact Sheet - Ammonium Polyphosphate

(Exolit AP422). In: Clariant International Ltd: Pinfa.

Clariant (2012) Innovation Spotlight Exolit® OP, Flame retardants solve burning problems,

Brochure.

http://www.clariant.com/C12575E4001FB2B8/vwLookupDownloads/Clariant_Story_Ex

olit_E.pdf/$FILE/Clariant_Story_Exolit_E.pdf.

Clean Production Action, Rossi M, Heine L (2007) The Green Screen for Safer Chemicals:

Evaluating Flame Retardants for TV Enclosures. vol. Version 1.0, p 17.

Cole JG, Mackay D (2000) Correlating environmental partitioning properties of organic

compounds: The three solubility approach. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

19:265-270.

Cummings JE, Kovacic JP (2009) The ubiquitous role of zinc in health and disease. Journal of

Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care 19:215-240.

Danish Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Lassen C, Løkk S, Andersen LI, Hansen E

(1999) Brominated Flame Retardants - Substance Flow Analysis and Assessment of

Alternatives. p 227.

Danish EPA, Stuer-Lauridsen F, Havelund S, Birkved M (2000) Alternatives to brominated

flame retardants - Screening for environmental and health data.

Danish EPA, Stuer-Lauridsen F, Cohr K-H, Andersen TT (2007) Health and environmental

assessment of alternatives to deca-BDE in electrical and electronic equipment. (DHI Water

& Environment, ed).

198

Page 7: UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Environmental · PDF fileindustrial chemicals notification and assessment scheme NICNAS Full public - ... Mansell JE, ter Laak TL, ... Dekant

References

Danish EPA (2009) List of Undesirable Substances (LOUS) 2009. Environmental Review No

3 2011 Orientering fra Miljøstyrelsen.

Darnerud PO (2003) Toxic effects of brominated flame retardants in man and in wildlife.

Environment International 29:841-853.

Darnerud PO (2008) Brominated flame retardants as possible endocrine disrupters.

International Journal Andrology 31:152-160.

Dasari A, Yu Z, Cai G,Mai Y (2013) Recent developments in the fire retardancy of polymeric

materials. Progress in Polymer Science 38:1357-1387.

De Schamphelaere KAC, Heijerick DG, Janssen CR (2004) Comparison of the effect of

different pH buffering techniques on the toxicity of copper and zinc to Daphnia magna and

Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. Ecotoxicology 13: 697-705

de Wit CA (2002) An overview of brominated flame retardants in the environment.

Chemosphere 46: 583-624.

Dekant W (2009) Review of the toxicity of red phosphorus and related phosphorus based

flame retardants. Würzburg, Germany: Institut für Toxikologie, Würzburg, Germany.

Dimitrov SD, Dimitrova NC, Walker JD, Veith GD, Mekenyan OG (2002) Predicting

bioconcentration factors of highly hydrophobic chemicals. Effects of molecular size. Pure

and Applied Chemistry 74:1823-1830.

Dobry A, Keller R (1957) Vapor pressures of some phosphate and phosphonate esters. Journal

of Physical Chemistry 61:1448-1449.

D'Silva K, Fernandes A,Rose M (2004) Brominated organic micropollutants - Igniting the

flame retardant issue. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science & Technology 34:141-

207.

ECHA (European Chemicals Agency) (2008a) Guidance on information requirements and

chemical safety assessment Chapter R.6: QSARs and grouping of chemicals.

ECHA (2008b) Substance name: Hexabromocyclododecane and all major diastereoisomers

identified EC number: 247-148-4 and 221-695-9 CAS number: 25637-99-4 and 3194-55-

6 . Candidate List of Substances of Very High Concern (SVHC).

ECHA (2009) Data on Manufacture, Import, Export, Uses & Releases of HBCDD as well as

information on potential alternatives to its use. 108.

199

Page 8: UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Environmental · PDF fileindustrial chemicals notification and assessment scheme NICNAS Full public - ... Mansell JE, ter Laak TL, ... Dekant

References

ECHA (2012) How downstream users can handle exposure scenarios - Practical Guide 13.

http://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13655/du_practical_guide_13_en.pdf.

ECHA Database (original study 1963-May-19) Pentaerythritol - Experimental Supporting

Study Toxicity - Toxicological information.

ECHA Database (original study 1964) Pentaerythritol - Acute Toxicity; Inhalation

(Toxicological information) Experimental Supporting Study 1.

ECHA Database (original study 1964) Pentaerythritol - Acute Toxicity; Oral (Toxicological

information) Experimental Supporting Study 2.

ECHA Database (original study 1978) 2,2',6,6'-tetrabromo-4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol -

Aquatic Toxicity; Short-Term to Aquatic Invertebrates (Ecotoxicological Information)

Experimental Supporting Study 2.

ECHA Database (original study 1979-Feb-08) Pentaerythritol - Biodegradation; In Water

(Environmental Fate and Pathways) Experimental Supporting Study 5.

ECHA Database (original study 1980-Feb-29 & 1981) Pentaerythritol - Biodegradation; In

Water (Environmental Fate and Pathways) Experimental Study 6 Weight of Evidence

(WoE).

ECHA Database (original study 1983) Pentaerythritol - Aquatic Toxicity; To Microorganisms

(Ecotoxicological Information) Experimental Study 2 WoE.

ECHA Database (original study 1985) Pentaerythritol - Biodegradation; In Water

(Environmental Fate and Pathways) Experimental Supporting Study 2.

ECHA Database (original study 1989) diantimony trioxide - Aquatic Toxicity; Short-Term to

Aquatic Invertebrates (Ecotoxicological Information) Experimental NotSpecifiedStudy 8.

ECHA Database (original study 1990-Feb-15) Pentaerythritol - Acute Toxicity; Oral

(Toxicological information) Experimental Key Study 1.

ECHA Database (original study 1990-Sep-24) Pentaerythritol - Biodegradation; In Water

(Environmental Fate and Pathways) Experimental Supporting Study 3.

ECHA Database (original study 1991-Sep-16) Pentaerythritol - Biodegradation; In Water,

Screening (Environmental Fate and Pathways) Experimental Key Study 1.

ECHA Database (original study 1992-May-30) Pentaerythritol - Repeated Dose Toxicity; Oral

(Toxicological information) Experimental Supporting Study 2.

200

Page 9: UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Environmental · PDF fileindustrial chemicals notification and assessment scheme NICNAS Full public - ... Mansell JE, ter Laak TL, ... Dekant

References

ECHA Database (original study 1993-Jan-03) Pentaerythritol - Aquatic Toxicity; Short-term to

Fish (Ecotoxicological Information) Experimental Key Study 1.

ECHA Database (original study 1993-March-01a) Pentaerythritol - Aquatic Toxicity; Long-

term to Aquatic Invertebrates (Ecotoxicological Information) Experimental Key Study 1.

ECHA Database (original study 1993-March-01b) Pentaerythritol - Aquatic Toxicity; Short-

term to Aquatic Invertebrates (Ecotoxicological Information) Experimental Key Study 1.

ECHA Database (original study 1994-Dec-21) Pentaerythritol - Genetic Toxicity; In vitro

(Toxicological information) Experimental Key Study 1.

ECHA Database (original study 1994-Jan-25) Pentaerythritol - Biodegradation; In Water

(Environmental Fate and Pathways) Experimental Supporting Study 4.

ECHA Database (original study 1994-Dec-07) Pentaerythritol - Genetic Toxicity; In Vitro

(Toxicological information) Experimental Key Study 3.

ECHA Database (original study 1996-Jul-25 ) Pentaerythritol - Acute Toxicity; Oral

(Toxicological information) Experimental Supporting Study 4.

ECHA Database (original study 1996-Jul-28) Pentaerythritol - Repeated Dose Study; Oral

(Toxicological information) Experimental Key Study 1.

ECHA Database (original study 1998) diantimony trioxide - Aquatic Toxicity; Short-Term to

Aquatic Invertebrates (Ecotoxicological Information) Experimental NotSpecifiedStudy 7.

ECHA Database (original study 1998a) Aluminium tris(dialkylphosphinate) - Aquatic Toxicity;

Short-Term to Aquatic Invertebrates (Ecotoxicological Information) Experimental Key

Study 1.

ECHA Database (original study 1998b) Aluminium tris(dialkylphosphinate) - Aquatic

Toxicity; Short-term to Fish (Ecotoxicological Information) Experimental Key Study 1.

ECHA Database (original study 1998c) Aluminium tris(dialkylphosphinate) - Aquatic Toxicity;

To Aquatic Algae and Cyanobacteria (Ecotoxicological Information) Experimental Key

Study 1.

ECHA Database (original study 1998d) Aluminium tris(dialkylphosphinate) - Aquatic Toxicity;

To Microorganisms (Ecotoxicological Information) Experimental Key Study 1.

ECHA Database (original study 1998e) Aluminium tris(dialkylphosphinate) - Genetic Toxicity;

In vitro (Toxicological information) Experimental Key Study 1.

201

Page 10: UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Environmental · PDF fileindustrial chemicals notification and assessment scheme NICNAS Full public - ... Mansell JE, ter Laak TL, ... Dekant

References

ECHA Database (original study 1998f) Aluminium tris(dialkylphosphinate) - Genetic Toxicity;

In vitro (Toxicological information) Experimental Key Study 2.

ECHA Database (original study 1998g) Aluminium tris(dialkylphosphinate) - Repeated Dose

Toxicity; Oral (Toxicological information) Experimental Key Study 1.

ECHA Database (original study 1998h) Aluminium tris(dialkylphosphinate) - Acute Toxicity;

Dermal (Toxicological information) Experimental Key Study 1.

ECHA Database (original study 1998i) Aluminium tris(dialkylphosphinate) - Acute Toxicity;

Oral (Toxicological information) Experimental Key Study 1.

ECHA Database (original study 2003) 2,2',6,6'-tetrabromo-4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol -

Aquatic Toxicity; Short-Term to Aquatic Invertebrates (Ecotoxicological Information)

Experimental Key Study 1.

ECHA Database (original study 2003-Mar-17) Tetraphenyl m-phenylene bis(phosphate) -

Water solubility (Physical Chemical Properties) Experimental Key Study 1.

ECHA Database (original study 2005-Apr-13) Aluminium tris(dialkylphosphinate) - Aquatic

Toxicity; Long-Term to Aquatic Invertebrates (Ecotoxicological Information)

Experimental Key Study 1.

ECHA Database (original study 2008a) Aluminium tris(dialkylphosphinate) - Toxicity to

Reproduction (Toxicological information) Experimental Supporting Study 1.

ECHA Database (original study 2008b) Aluminium tris(dialkylphosphinate) - Genetic

Toxicity; In vivo (Toxicological information) Experimental Key Study 1.

ECHA Database (original study 2009a) Aluminium tris(dialkylphosphinate) - Aquatic Toxicity;

Long-Term to Fish (Ecotoxicological Information) Experimental Key Study 1.

ECHA Database (original study 2009b) Aluminium tris(dialkylphosphinate) - Biodegradation;

In Water (Environmental Fate and Pathways) Experimental Key Study 1.

ECHA Database (original study 2009c) Aluminium tris(dialkylphosphinate) - Biodegradation;

In Water (Environmental Fate and Pathways) Experimental Key Study 2.

ECHA Database (original study 2009d) Pentaerythritol - Log Kow (Physical Chemical

Properties) Experimental Key Study 1.

ECHA Database (original study 2009e) Pentaerythritol - Meltingpoint (Physical Chemical

Properties) Experimental Key Study 1.

202

Page 11: UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Environmental · PDF fileindustrial chemicals notification and assessment scheme NICNAS Full public - ... Mansell JE, ter Laak TL, ... Dekant

References

ECHA Database (original study 2009f) Pentaerythritol - Water Solubility (Physical Chemical

Properties) Experimental Key Study 1.

ECHA Database (original study 2010-Jan-31) Pentaerythritol - Vapour Pressure (Physical

Chemical Properties) Calculated Key Study 1.

ECHA Database (original study 2010-April-29 ) Pentaerythritol - Aquatic Toxicity; To

Microorganisms (Ecotoxicological Information) Experimental Key Study 1.

ECHA Database (original study 2010-Aug-2) Pentaerythritol - Stability; Hydrolosis

(Environmental Fate and Pathways) Experimental Study 1 WoE.

ECHA Database (original study 2010-Okt-2) Pentaerythritol - Genetic Toxicity; In vitro

(Toxicological information) Experimental Key Study 2.

ECHA (2013) Legal Notice ECHA website http://echa.europa.eu/legal-notice. March 2014:

ECHA Database (Accessed 2011) Triphenylphosphate - Classification and Labelling; GHS &

DSD – DPD.

ECHA Database (2014) website http://echa.europa.eu/web/guest. March 2014.

ECHA Database (accessed 2014, March) Aluminium Hydroxide - Identification.

Eckert F, Klamt A (2010) COSMOtherm® Vers. C2.1 released 01.10. COSMOlogic GmbH &

Co. KG.

ENFIRO (2009) ENFIRO Webpage, www.enfiro.eu.

ENFIRO partners, Leonards (Project Coordinator) PEG (2008) Life Cycle Assessment of

Environment-Compatible Flame Retardants (Prototypical Case Study) - Project Proposal -

EU Project (KP7-226563). In: ENFIRO, p 72.

Eto M, Hashimoto Y, Ozaki K, Kassai T, Sasaki Y (1975) Fungitoxicity and Insecticide

Synergism of Monothioquinol Phosphate Esters and Related Compounds. Bochu-Kagaku

40:160.

Euler L (1970) A general investigation into the mortality and multiplication of the human

species. Theoretical Population Biology 1: 307-314.

European Chemicals Bureau (1998 (2005 updated)) IUCLID Dataset Pentaerythritol (CAS No.

115-77-5), SIDS Initial Assessment Report for 8th SIAM. France, 28-30 October, 1998.

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Publications, Organisation for

203

Page 12: UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Environmental · PDF fileindustrial chemicals notification and assessment scheme NICNAS Full public - ... Mansell JE, ter Laak TL, ... Dekant

References

Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Screening Information DataSets

(SIDS).

European Chemicals Bureau (2000a) IUCLID Dataset Aluminium trihydroxide (CAS: 21645-

51-2). Brussel, Belgium: Institute of Health and Consumer Protection, Joint Research

Centre, JRC, European Commission.

European Chemicals Bureau (2000b) IUCLID Dataset Boric Acid (CAS: 10043-35-3). Brussel,

Belgium: Institute of Health and Consumer Protection, Joint Research Centre, JRC,

European Commission.

European Chemicals Bureau (2000c) IUCLID Dataset Magnesium Hydroxide (CAS: 1309-42-

8). Brussel, Belgium: Institute of Health and Consumer Protection, Joint Research Centre,

JRC, European Commission.

European Chemicals Bureau (2000d) IUCLID Dataset of Polyphosphoric acids, ammonium

salts (APP) (CAS: 68333-79-9). Brussel, Belgium: Institute of Health and Consumer

Protection, Joint Research Centre, JRC, European Commission.

European Chemicals Bureau (2000e) IUCLID Dataset Pentaerythritol (CAS: 115-77-5).

Brussel, Belgium: Institute of Health and Consumer Protection, Joint Research Centre,

JRC, European Commission.

European Chemicals Bureau (2000f) IUCLID Dataset Triphenyl Phosphate (CAS: 115-86-6).

Brussel, Belgium: Institute of Health and Consumer Protection, Joint Research Centre,

JRC, European Commission.

European Chemicals Bureau (2002) IUCLID Dataset Triphenyl Phosphate (CAS No. 115-86-

6), SIDS Initial Assessment Report for SIAM 15. Boston, Massachusetts, 22-25 October

2002. UNEP, OECD, SIDS.

European Chemicals Bureau (2011) European Chemical Substance Information System

(ESIS),. Joint Research Centre, JRC, European Commission.

European Chemicals Bureau, Pakalin S, Cole T, Steinkellner J, Nicolas R, Tissier C, Munn S,

Eisenreich S (2007) Review on Production Processes of Decabromodiphenyl Ether

(decaBDE) used in Polymeric Applications in Electrical and Electronic Equipment, and

Assessment of the Availability of Potential Alternatives to DecaBDE. Brussel, Belgium:

204

Page 13: UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Environmental · PDF fileindustrial chemicals notification and assessment scheme NICNAS Full public - ... Mansell JE, ter Laak TL, ... Dekant

References

European Chemicals Bureau, Institute of Health and Consumer Protection, Joint Research

Centre, JRC, European Commission.

European Flame Retardants Association (EFRA) (Webpage) Flame Retardants - Technologies

/ Mode of action - Phosphorous flame retardants. Accessed, 2013.

European Flame Retardants Association (EFRA) (2006) Zinc borate Flame retardants fact

sheet: Cefic European Chemical Industry Council.

European Parliament (EP) (2002) Report on the joint text approved by the Conciliation

Committee for a European Parliament and Council directive amending for the 24th time

Council Directive 76/769/EEC relating to restrictions on the marketing and use of certain

dangerous substances and preparations (pentabromodiphenyl ether, octabromodiphenyl

ether)(PE-CONS 3664/2002 – C5-0500/2002 – 2001/0018(COD)). Report A5-

0437/2002.

European Union (1993) Council Regulation No 793/93/EEC of 23 March 1993 on the

evaluation and control of risks of existing substances. (L84/1). (European Parliament and

the Council on the European Union, ed), p 75.

European Union (2006) Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 of the European Parliament and of

the Council concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of

Chemicals (REACH), establishing a European Chemicals Agency. (European Parliament

and the Council on the European Union, ed), p 849.

European Union (2008) Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of

the Council on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures.

(European Parliament and the Council on the European Union, ed), p 1355.

European Union (2008a) Comimission recommendation of 30 May 2008 on risk reduction

measures for the substances sodium chromate, sodium dichromate and 2,2′,6,6′-

tetrabromo-4,4′-isopropylidenediphenol (tetrabromobisphenol A)

(notified under document number C(2008) 2256) (Text with EEA relevance)

(2008/454/EC). 158/62.

European Union (2008b) Communication from the Commission on the results of the risk

evaluation and the risk reduction strategies for the substances: sodium chromate, sodium

205

Page 14: UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Environmental · PDF fileindustrial chemicals notification and assessment scheme NICNAS Full public - ... Mansell JE, ter Laak TL, ... Dekant

References

dichromate and 2,2',6,6'-tetrabromo-4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol (tetrabromobisphenol A)

(Text with EEA relevance) (2008/C 152/02) 152/02.

European Union (2011) Commission decision of 6 June 2011 on establishing the ecological

criteria for the award of the EU Ecolabel for notebook computers (notified under

document C(2011) 3736) (Text with EEA relevance) (2011/330/EU) C(2011) 3736

2011/330/EU.

Fängström B, Strid A, Grandjean P, Weihe P, Bergman Å (2005) A retrospective study of

PBDEs and PCBs in human milk from the Faroe Islands. Environmental Health: A Global

Access Science Source 4:12.

Feo ML, Baron E, Eljarrat E,Barcelo D (2012) Dechlorane Plus and related compounds in

aquatic and terrestrial biota: a review. Analytical Bioanalytical Chemistry 404:2625-2637.

Filella M, Belzile N,Chen Y (2002) Antimony in the environment: a review focused on natural

waters: II. Relevant solution chemistry. Earth-Science Reviews 59:265-285.

Fisher Scientific (1999 (2008 updated)) Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) - Magnesium

Hydroxide (13405). Fisher Scientific.

Flaskos J, McLean WG, Hargreaves AJ (1994) The Toxicity of Organophosphate Compounds

Towards Cultured PC12 Cells. Toxicology letters 70:71-76.

Fosmire GJ (1990) Zinc Toxicity. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 51:225-227.

Gant DB, Eldefrawi ME, Eldefrawi AT (1987) Action of Organophosphates on GABAA

Receptor and Voltage-Dependent Chloride Channels. Fundamental and applied toxicology

9:698-704.

Gardner JR (1988a) Acute oral toxicity to rats of zinc hydroxystannate (ZHS). Huntingdon,

United Kingdom: Huntingdon Research Centre (HRC).

Gardner JR (1988b) Acute oral toxicity to rats of zinc stannate (ZS). Huntingdon, United

Kingdom: Huntingdon Research Centre (HRC).

Gelest (2008) Material Safety Data Sheet of Zinc Stannate - SNZ9760. Gelest, Inc.

German Federal Environmental Agency, Leisewitz A, Kruse H, Schramm E (2001)

Substituting Environmentally Relevant Flame Retardants: Assessment Fundamentals -

Results and summary overview. In: Environmental research plan of the German Federal

206

Page 15: UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Environmental · PDF fileindustrial chemicals notification and assessment scheme NICNAS Full public - ... Mansell JE, ter Laak TL, ... Dekant

References

Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety, p 204: Contractor:

Öko-Recherche. Büro für Umweltforschung und -beratung GmbH, Frankfurt am Main.

Gilman JW (1999) Flammability and thermal stability studies of polymer layered-silicate (clay)

nanocomposites. Applied Clay Science 15:31-49.

Gobas FAPC, Kelly BC, Arnot JA (2003) Quantitative structure activity relationships for

predicting the bioaccumulation of POPs in terrestrial food-webs. QSAR & Combinatorial

Science 22:329-336.

Haanstra L, Doelman P,Voshaar JHO (1985) The use of sigmoidal dose-response curves in

soil ecotoxicological research. Plant Soil 84:293-297.

Hachiya N (1987) Evaluation of chemical genotoxicity by a series of short term tests. Akita

Igaku 14:269-292.

Hanazato T (2001) Pesticide effects on freshwater zooplankton: an ecological perspective.

Environmental Pollution 112:1-10.

Health Canada (2008) Proposed re-evaluation decision 2-Phenylphenol and Salts - PRVD2008-

4. PRVD2008-4.

Helleday T, Tuominen K, Bergman Ã,Jenssen D (1999) Brominated flame retardants induce

intragenic recombination in mammalian cells. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and

Environmental Mutagenesis 439:137-147.

Hem JD, Geological Survey (U.S.), (1985) Study and Interpretation of the Chemical

Characteristics of Natural Water. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey.

Henrich R, Ryan BM, Selby R, Garthwaite S, Morrissey R, Freudenthal RI (2000) Two-

generation oral (diet) reproductive toxicity study of resorcinol bis-diphenylphosphate

(Fyrolflex RDP) in rats. International Journal of Toxicology 19:243-255.

Hilal SH, Karickhoff SW, Carreira LA (2003) Sparc On-line Calculator 4.5 - Predicting Melting

point, Vapour pressure & Henry's law constant - based on "Prediction of the vapor

pressure boiling point, heat of vaporization and diffusion coefficient of organic

compounds". In: QSAR & Combinatorial Science, vol. 22, pp 565-574.

Hilal SH, Karickhoff SW, Carreira LA (2004) Sparc On-line Calculator 4.5 - Predicting Water

solubility & log Kow - based on "Prediction of the solubility, activity coefficient and

207

Page 16: UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Environmental · PDF fileindustrial chemicals notification and assessment scheme NICNAS Full public - ... Mansell JE, ter Laak TL, ... Dekant

References

liquid/liquid partition coefficient of organic compounds". In: QSAR & Combinatorial

Science, vol. 23, pp 709-720.

Hites RA (2004) Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the environment and in people: A meta-

analysis of concentrations. Environmental Science & Technology 38:945-956.

Hoenicke R, Oros DR, Oram JJ, Taberski KM (2007) Adapting an ambient monitoring

program to the challenge of managing emerging pollutants in the San Francisco Estuary.

Environmental Research 105:132-144.

Horicka Z, Stuchlik E, Hudec I, Cerny M,Fott J (2006) Acidification and the structure of

crustacean zooplankton in mountain lakes: The Tatra Mountains (Slovakia, Poland).

Biologia 61:S121-S134.

Hosmer DW, Lemeshow S, (1999) Applied Survival Analysis. Regression Modeling of Time to

Event Data. Wiley-Interscience Publication.

Hubbard CM, Redpath GT, Macdonald TL, VandenBerg SR (1989) Modulatory Effects of

Aluminum, Calcium, Lithium, Magnesium, and Zinc Oons on [3H]MK-801 Binding in

Human Cerebral Cortex. Brain research 486:170-174.

IBM (1989, 2011) IBM SPSS Statistics version 20 release 20.0.0.

ICL (2009) Commitment letter to EPA, Re: Voluntary Phase Out of DecaBDE. (U.S.

Environmental Protection Agency, ed), p 2 Washington DC, U.S.A.: ICL Industrial

Products.

ICL Industrial Products (2011) Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) - Fyrolflex RDP.

IHS Chemical (2011) Flame Retardants.

Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (2007) Report on Alternatives to the Flame

Retardant DecaBDE: Evaluation of Toxicity, Availability, Affordability, and Fire Safety

Issues - A Report to the Governor and the General Assembly. 86.

Inspectie Leefomgeving en Transport, Ministerie van Infrastructuur en Milieu (2014)

http://www.ilent.nl/onderwerpen/transport/gevaarlijke_stoffen/wetenregelgeving/.

(Human Environment and Transport Inspectorate) 2014, March 17.

ITRI (2009) Technical Bulletin - Zinc Stannates and Zinc Hydroxy Stannate. In: ITRI

Technical Bulletin, vol. 2 & 3.

208

Page 17: UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Environmental · PDF fileindustrial chemicals notification and assessment scheme NICNAS Full public - ... Mansell JE, ter Laak TL, ... Dekant

References

Jonker MTO, van der Heijden SA (2007) Bioconcentration factor hydrophobicity cutoff: An

artificial phenomenon reconstructed. Environmental Science & Technology 41:7363-7369.

Joseph Storey & Co. Ltd. (1994) Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) - Storflam ZHS (Zinc

Hydroxy Stannate). Lancaster, England: Joseph Storey & Co. Ltd.

Kang J, Katayama Y,Kondo F (2006) Biodegradation or metabolism of bisphenol A: From

microorganisms to mammals. Toxicology 217:81-90.

Kang JH,Kondo F (2002) Bisphenol a degradation by bacteria isolated from river water. Arch

Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 43:265-269.

Kemmlein S, Herzke D,Law RJ (2009) Brominated flame retardants in the European chemicals

policy of REACH-Regulation and determination in materials. Journal of Chromatography

A 1216:320-333.

Knie vJ, Hälke A, Juhnke I, Schiller W (1983) Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen von chemischen

Stoffen mit vier Biotests. [Results of studies on chemical substances with four biotests].

Deutsche Gewässerkundliche Mitteilungen 27:77-79.

Kucera T, Horakova H, Sonska A (2008) Toxic metal ions in photoautotrophic organisms.

Photosynthetica 46:481-489.

Kuo Ching Chemical Co Ltd. (2009) Specification Sheet - KFR DOPO. In: Kuo Ching

Chemical Co, Ltd.

Law RJ, Herzke D, (2011) Current levels and trends of brominated flame retardants in the

environment. In: Brominated Flame Retardants, (Eljarrat E, Barceló D eds), pp 123-140.

Springer.

LeVan S, (1984) Chemistry of Fire Retardancy, Chapter 14. In: Chemistry of solid wood,

ISBN: 0841207968 edition (Rowell RM ed), pp 44. Washington, D.C., U.S.A.: American

Chemical Society.

Levchik SV,Weil ED (2006) A review of recent progress in phosphorus-based flame

retardants. Journal of Fire Sciences 24:345-364.

Lewis RL (2000) Sr. Sax’s Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, 10th ed. John Wiley &

Sons, Inc.

Liu H, Liu X, Wang X, Wang X,Yu H (2007) Toxicity of BPA and TBBPA to Daphnia magna

and zebrafish Brachydanio rerio. Huan Jing Ke Xue 28:1784-7.

209

Page 18: UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Environmental · PDF fileindustrial chemicals notification and assessment scheme NICNAS Full public - ... Mansell JE, ter Laak TL, ... Dekant

References

Liu YL, Wei WL,Chen WY (2003) Reversibility of hydration and dehydration reactions of a

phosphaphenanthrene oxide (DOPO) pendent group on polyamide. Polymer International

52:1275-1279.

Lotka AJ (1913) A Natural Population Norm. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences

3:241--248.

Lu SY,Hamerton I (2002) Recent developments in the chemistry of halogen-free flame

retardant polymers. Progress in Polymer Science 27:1661-1712.

Maine Department of Environmental Protection, Maine Center for Disease Control &

Prevention (2007) Brominated Flame Retardants: Third annual report to the Maine

Legislature. Maine, United States of America.

MaKuang Chemical Co. Ltd. (2009) Data sheet - MK 68 (DOPO). In: MaKuang Chemical Co,

Ltd Taichung, Taiwan, China.

Maret W, Sandstead HH (2006) Zinc requirements and the risks and benefits of zinc

supplementation. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology 20:3-18.

Marinkovic M, Verweij RA, Nummerdor GA, Jonker MJ, Kraak MHS,Admiraal W (2011) Life

Cycle Responses of the Midge Chironomus riparius to Compounds with Different Modes of

Action. Environmental Science & Technology 45:1645-1651.

Martin Marietta Magnesia Specialties LLC (MMMS), Walter MD, Wajer MT (2010) Overview

of Flame Retardants Including Magnesium Hydroxide. Baltimore, USA: Martin Marietta

Magnesia Specialties LLC.

Martinez CE, Motto HL (2000) Solubility of lead, zinc and copper added to mineral soils.

Environmental Pollution 107:153-158.

Matsukami H, Honda M, Nakamura A, Takasuga T (2010) Analysis of monomeric and

oligomeric phosphate esters in indoor air and house dust by GC-MS and LC-MS. Extended

abstract, Fifth International Worskhop on Brominated Flame Retardants BFR 2010.

Mayer FL, Adams WJ, Finley MT, Michael PR, Mehrle PM, Saeger VW (1981) Phosphate ester

hydraulic fluids: An aquatic environmental assessment of Pydrauls 50E and 115E. In:

Aquatic Toxicology and Hazard Assessment, 4th Conference, vol. STP 737 (Branson, D. R.

and Dickson, K. L., eds), pp 103 – 123 Philadelphia, PA: American Society for Testing and

Materials (ASTM).

210

Page 19: UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Environmental · PDF fileindustrial chemicals notification and assessment scheme NICNAS Full public - ... Mansell JE, ter Laak TL, ... Dekant

References

McDonald SF, Hamilton SJ, Buhl KJ, Heisinger JF (1996) Acute toxicity of fire control

chemicals to Daphnia magna (Straus) and Selenastrum capricornutum (Printz). Ecotoxicology

and Environmental Safety 33:62-72.

McEntee TE (1987) PC-Nomograph-Programs to enhance PC-GEMS estimates of physical

properties for organic chemicals Version 2.0 - EGA/CGA. MS DOS: 1987/12/04. In: The

Mitre Corporation, MSDOS.

McPherson A, Thorpe B, Blake A (2004) Brominated Flame Retardants in Dust on

Computers: The case for safer chemicals and better computer design. In: Clean Protection

Action, p 43.

Meerts I, Letcher RJ, Hoving S, Marsh G, Bergman A, Lemmen JG, van der Burg B, Brouwer

A (2001) In vitro estrogenicity of polybrominated diphenyl ethers, hydroxylated PBDEs,

and polybrominated bisphenol A compounds. Environmental Health Perspectives 109:399-

407.

Merck & Co. Inc. (2001) The Merck Index - 13th edition - Triphenyl Phosphate Darmstadt,

Duitsland: Merck KGaA.

Merck & Co. Inc. (2006) The Merck Index - 14th edition - Triphenyl Phosphate (Monograph

nr:09742). Darmstadt, Duitsland: Merck KGaA.

Merck Chemicals - Product Information (Merck Website) Magnesiumhydroxide 105870 (CAS

1309-42-8); http://www.merck-chemicals.nl/magnesiumhydroxide/MDA_CHEM-

105870/p_uuid. Darmstadt, Duitsland: Merck KGaA.

Merck Chemicals - Product Information (Merck Website) Pentaerythritol 807331 (CAS 115-

77-5); http://www.merck-chemicals.nl/pentaerythritol/MDA_CHEM-807331/p_uuid.

Darmstadt, Duitsland: Merck KGaA.

Merck Chemicals - Product Information (Merck Website) Trifenyl Fosfaat 821197 (CAS 115-

86-6); http://www.merck-chemicals.nl/trifenyl-fosfaat/MDA_CHEM-821197/p_uuid.

Darmstadt, Duitsland: Merck KGaA.

Merck Chemicals - Product Information (MSDS) (2007) Aluminium hydroxide fine powder

pure, hydrargillite 101093 (CAS 21645-51-5).

Meyer JS, Ingersoll CG, Mcdonald LL,Boyce MS (1986) Estimating Uncertainty in Population-

Growth Rates - Jackknife Vs Bootstrap Techniques. Ecology 67:1156-1166.

211

Page 20: UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Environmental · PDF fileindustrial chemicals notification and assessment scheme NICNAS Full public - ... Mansell JE, ter Laak TL, ... Dekant

References

Meyer J, Bester K (2004) Organophosphate flame retardants and plasticisers in wastewater

treatment plants. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 6:599-605.

Meylan WM, Howard PH (1991) Bond Contribution Methods for Estimating Henry's Law

Constants. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 10:1283-1293.

Meylan WM, Howard PH (1995) Atom Fragment Contribution Methods for Estimating

Octanol-Water Partition-Coefficients. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 84:83-92.

Meylan WM, Howard PH, Boethling RS (1996) Improved method for estimating water

solubility from octanol water partition coefficient. Environmental Toxicology and

Chemistry 15:100-106.

Michaud JP, (1991) A Citizens' Guide to Understanding and Monitoring Lakes and -Streams.

(Brooks McAuliffe M ed),Washington: The Department of Ecology Publications.

Minister of Security and Justice (Opstelten IO) (2012) Algemeen Overleg Nationale Veiligheid

d.d. 9 december 2010, Kamerstuk 29 517, nr. 62. https://zoek.

officielebekendmakingen.nl/kst-29517-62.html:gebruik vlamvertragers, use of flame

retardants.

Minister of Security and Justice (Opstelten IO) (2013) Brief van de minister van veiligheid en

justitie, Kamerstuk 29 956 & 29 517, nr. 168. https://zoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl/kst-

26956-168.pdf:kst-26956-168 ISSN 0921 - 7371-gebruik vlamvertragers, use of flame

retardants.

Moermond C, Smit C, van Vlaardingen P, van Leeuwen L, Verbruggen E, Bodar C (2012) Use

of public literature and dossier data in WFD EQS derivation compared to risk limit

derivation in other regulatory frameworks. SETAC Berlin Extended Abstract Platform

Presentation

Morris S, Allchin CR, Zegers BN, Haftka JJH, Boon JP, Belpaire C, Leonards PEG, Van

Leeuwen SPJ,De Boer J (2004) Distributon and fate of HBCD and TBBPA brominated

flame retardants in north sea estuaries and aquatic food webs. Environmental Science &

Technology 38:5497-5504.

Morrison R, Boyd R, (1966) Organic Chemistry. pp 1204. Boston, U.S.A.: Allyn and Bacon,

Inc.

212

Page 21: UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Environmental · PDF fileindustrial chemicals notification and assessment scheme NICNAS Full public - ... Mansell JE, ter Laak TL, ... Dekant

References

Mortelmans K, Zeiger E (2000) The Ames Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity assay.

Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis 455:29-60.

Muir DCG, Yarechewski AL, Grift NP (1989) Biodegradation of 4 triaryl alkyl phophate-esters

in sediment under various temperature and redox conditions. Toxicological and

Environmental Chemistry 18:269-286.

Murphy J (2001) Flame retardants: trends and new developments. Reinforced Plastics 45:42-46.

Nabaltec (2009) Human Health and Environmental Fact Sheet - Magnesium Hydroxide

(Brucite) (Apymag). Pinfa.

Nagajyoti PC, Lee KD, Sreekanth TVM (2010) Heavy metals, occurrence and toxicity for

plants: a review. Environmental Chemistry Letters 8:199-216.

Nakari T,Huhtala S (2008) Comparison of toxicity of congener-153 of PCB, PBB, and PBDE

to Daphnia magna. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 71:514-518.

Nationaal Brandweer Documentatie Centrum (NBDC), Overzicht fatale branden in Nederland

- aantal doden bij brand. http://www nbdc nl/cms/show?id=625544 2014, 12 March.

Nederlands Instituut Fysieke Veiligheid (NIFV) (2013) http://www.infopunt

veiligheid.nl/Publicatie/Rubriek/90/1/wetten-en-regels.html. 2014, March 17.

Neely B, Blau GE (1985) Environmental exposure from chemicals. Boca Ratón: CRS Press

Inc.

Nordin H (2007) Human Health and Environmental Fact Sheet - Melapur 200 70. p 2: Pinfa.

Norén K, Meironyté D (2000) Certain organochlorine and organobromine contaminants in

Swedish human milk in perspective of past 20-30 years. Chemosphere 40:1111-1123.

Nyholm JR, Grabic R, Arp HPH, Moskeland T,Andersson PL (2013) Environmental

occurrence of emerging and legacy brominated flame retardants near suspected sources in

Norway. Science of the Total Environment 443:307-314.

O'Connell S, Whitley A, Brady T, Ching S, Fong A, Bergman R, Burkitt J (2004)

Environmental assessment of halogen-free printed circuit boards, a design for environment

(DfE) project with the high density packaging user group (HDPUG). Washington, DC,

USA: Computer Society Washington.

213

Page 22: UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Environmental · PDF fileindustrial chemicals notification and assessment scheme NICNAS Full public - ... Mansell JE, ter Laak TL, ... Dekant

References

OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) (1992) OECD

Guideline for Testing of Chemicals - Ready Biodegradability 301. In: OECD/OCDE 301,

vol. Section 3: Degradation and Accumulation: OECD.

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (1998) OECD

Guideline for Testing of Chemicals - Daphnia magna, Reproduction Test 211. Section 2:

Effects on Biotic Systems.

OECD (2004) OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals - Daphnia sp., Acute Immobilisation

Test 202. Section 2: Effects on Biotic Systems.

OECD (2006) OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals - CO2 in sealed vessels (Headspace

Test) 310. Section 3: Degradation and Accumulation.

OECD website http://www.oecd.org/env/hazard/qsar. 2014.

OSPAR (2001 (2004 updated)) Certain Brominated Flame Retardants – Polybrominated

Diphenylethers, Polybrominated Biphenyls, Hexabromo Cyclododecane. vol. OSPAR

Priority Substances Series (The Convention for the Protection of the marine Environment

of the North-East Atlantic, ed).

Padilla SS, Grizzle TB, Lyerly D (1987) Triphenyl Phosphite: in vivo and in vitro Inhibition of

Rat Neurotoxic Esterase. Toxicology and applied pharmacology 87:249-256.

Paumen ML, Borgman E, Kraak MHS, van Gestel CAM, Admiraal W (2008) Life cycle

responses of the midge Chironomus riparius to polycyclic aromatic compound exposure.

Environmental Pollution 152:225-232.

Perstorp Specialty Chemicals AB (2008) Material Safety Data Sheet of Pentaerythritol mono,

Pentaerythritol Nitration. In: Perstorp Specialty Chemicals AB.

Peterson HG, Healey FP, Wagemann R (1984) Metal toxicity to algae - a highly pH dependent

phenomenon. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 41:974-979.

Phosphorus, Inorganic and Nitrogren Flame Retardants Association (Pinfa) (2009) Innovative

Flame Retardants in E&E Applications: non-halogenated phosphorus, inorganic and

nitrogen flame retardants.

Pijnenburg AM, Everts JW, de Boer J,Boon JP (1995) Polybrominated biphenyl and

diphenylether flame retardants: analysis, toxicity, and environmental occurrence. Rev

Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 141:1-26.

214

Page 23: UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Environmental · PDF fileindustrial chemicals notification and assessment scheme NICNAS Full public - ... Mansell JE, ter Laak TL, ... Dekant

References

Porter R, (1998) London, a Social History. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP.

Posthuma L, Suter GW, Traas TP, (2001) Species Sensitivity Distributions in Ecotoxicology.

CRC Press.

PR Web (2013) Non-Halogenated Flame Retardant Market for Polymers Is Expected to Reach

USD 2.15 Billion in 2018: Transparency Market Research - Press

Release; http://pubs.rsc.org/en/journals/journalissues/em#!issueid=em014012&type=arc

hive&issnprint=1464-0325.

Quintana JB, Rodil R, Reemtsma T, Garcia-Lopez M,Rodriguez I (2008) Organophosphorus

flame retardants and plasticizers in water and air II. Analytical methodology. Trends in

Analytical Chemistry 27:904-915.

R Core Team (2012) R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Software

version 2.15.1.

Rakotomalala M, Wagner S,Doering M (2010) Recent Developments in Halogen Free Flame

Retardants for Epoxy Resins for Electrical and Electronic Applications. Materials 3:4300-

4327.

Ramos JL, Duque E, Gallegos MT, Godoy P, Ramos-Gonzalez MI, Rojas A, Teran W,Segura

A (2002) Mechanisms of solvent tolerance in gram-negative bacteria. Annual Review of

Microbiology 56:743-768.

Raymond J, Rogers T, Shonnard D,Kline A (2001) A review of structure-based biodegradation

estimation methods. Journal of Hazardous Materials 84:189-215.

Rayne S,Ikonomou MG (2005) Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in an advanced wastewater

treatment plant. Part 1: Concentrations, patterns, and influence of treatment processes.

Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science 4:353-367.

Reemtsma T, Quintana JB, Rodil R, Garcı´a-López M,Rodrı´guez I (2008) Organophosphorus

flame retardants and plasticizers in water and air I. Occurrence and fate. Trends in

Analytical Chemistry 27:727-737.

Riddell N,Wellington Laboratories (2012, 5 March) Bisphenol A Bis(diphenyl phosphate)

BDP.

Riddell N,Wellington Laboratories (2012, 7 March) Resorcinol Bis(diphenyl phosphate) RDP.

Riddell N,Wellington Laboratories (2012, 9 May) Dihydrooxaphosphaphenanthrene DOPO.

215

Page 24: UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Environmental · PDF fileindustrial chemicals notification and assessment scheme NICNAS Full public - ... Mansell JE, ter Laak TL, ... Dekant

References

Rio Tinto Alcan (RTA) (2008a) Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) - Alumina hydrate

(000219)

Rio Tinto Alcan (RTA) (2008b) Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) - Flamtard H (000042)

Zinc Hydroxy Stannate.

Rio Tinto Alcan (RTA) (2008c) Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) - Flamtard S (000038)

Zinc Stannate.

Ritter L, Solomon K, Sibley P, Hall K, Keen P, Mattu G,Linton B (2002) Sources, pathways,

and relative risks of contaminants in surface water and groundwater: A perspective

prepared for the Walkerton inquiry. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part

A 65:1-142.

Robrock KR, Korytar P, Alvarez-Cohen L (2008) Pathways for the anaerobic microbial

debromination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers. Environmental Science & Technology

42:2845-2852.

Rodil R, Quintana JB,Reemtsma T (2005) Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

determination of nonionic organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers in

wastewater samples. Analytical Chemistry 77:3083-3089.

Rostami I,Juhasz AL (2013) Bioaccessibility-based predictions for estimating PAH

biodegradation efficacy - Comparison of model predictions and measured endpoints.

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 85:323-330.

Rout GR, Das P (2003) Effect of metal toxicity on plant growth and metabolism: I. Zinc.

Agronomie 23:3-11.

Ryan BM, Henrich R, Mallett E, Freudenthal RI (2000) Developmental toxicity study of orally

administered resorcinol bis-diphenylphosphate (RDP) in rabbits. International Journal of

Toxicology 19:257-264.

Saeger VW, Hicks O, Kaley RG, Michael PR, Mieure JP, Tucker ES (1979) Environmental

Fate of Selected Phosphate-Esters. Environmental Science & Technology 13:840-844.

Sasaki K, Takeda M, Uchiyama M (1981) Toxicity, Absorption and Elimination of Phosphoric

Acid Triesters by Killifish and Goldfish. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and

Toxicology 27:775-782.

216

Page 25: UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Environmental · PDF fileindustrial chemicals notification and assessment scheme NICNAS Full public - ... Mansell JE, ter Laak TL, ... Dekant

References

Schantz SL, Widholm JJ, Rice DC (2003) Effects of PCB exposure on neuropsychological

function in children. Environmental Health Perspectives 111:357-376.

Schecter A, Harris TR, Brummitt S, Shah N, Paepke O (2008) PBDE and HBCD Brominated

Flame Retardants in the USA, Update 2008: Levels in Human Milk and Blood, Food, and

Environmental Samples. Epidemiology 19:S76-S76.

Schenker U, MacLeod M, Scheringer M, Hungerbuhler K (2005) Improving data quality for

environmental fate models: A least-squares adjustment procedure for harmonizing

physicochemical properties of organic compounds. Environmental Science & Technology

39:8434-8441.

Schnurer Y, Persson P, Nilsson M, Nordgren A,Giesler R (2006) Effects of surface sorption

on microbial degradation of glyphosate. Environmental Science & Technology 40:4145-

4150.

Schulz R, Liess M (1995) Chronic Effects of Low Insecticide Concentrations on Fresh-Water

Caddisfly Larvae. Hydrobiologia 299:103-113.

Schüürmann G, Ebert R-, Nendza M, Dearden JC, Paschke A, Kühne R, (2007) Chapter 9:

Predicting Fate-Related Physicochemical properties. In: Risk Assessment of Chemicals: An

Introduction, Second edition (Leeuwen CJv, Vermeire TG eds), pp 379-382. Springer.

Scientific American,Maron DF (2014) Do we need flame retardants in electronics?

http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/do-we-need-flame-retardants-in-electronics/.

Shaw SD, Blum A, Weber R, Kannan K, Rich D, Lucas D, Koshland CP, Dobraca D, Hanson

S,Birnbaum LS (2010) Halogenated flame retardants: do the fire safety benefits justify the

risks? Reviews on Environmental Health 25:261-305.

Shen Gang, Huang Jun,Yu Gang (2007) Measurement of the free concentrations of alkyl

phenols and bisphenol A to determine their biodegradation kinetics by activated sludge.

Chinese Science Bulletin 52:2766-2770.

Shimizu H, Suzuki Y, Takemura N, Goto S, Matsushita H (1985) The results of microbial

mutation test for forty-three industrial chemicals. Sangyo igaku Japanese journal of

industrial health 27:400-419.

217

Page 26: UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Environmental · PDF fileindustrial chemicals notification and assessment scheme NICNAS Full public - ... Mansell JE, ter Laak TL, ... Dekant

References

Shüürmann G, Ebert R-U, Nendza M, Dearden JC, Paschke A, Kühne R (2007) Chapter 9:

Predicting Fate-Related Physicochemical properties. In: Risk Assessment of Chemicals: An

Introduction (Leeuwen, C. J. v. and Vermeire, T. G., eds), pp 379-382: Springer.

Sijm DTHM, Rikken MGJ, Rorije E, Traas TP, McLachlan MS, Peijnenburg WJGM, (2007)

Chapter 3: Transport, Accumulation and Transformation Processes: 3.3 Bioaccumulation.

In: Risk Assessment of Chemicals: An Introduction, Second edition (Leeuwen CJv,

Vermeire TG eds), pp 73-97. Springer.

Snaidr J, Amann R, Huber I, Ludwig W,Schleifer KH (1997) Phylogenetic analysis and in situ

identification of bacteria in activated sludge. Applied Environmental Microbiology

63:2884-2896.

Snyder R (1990) Nitrogen and Phosphorus Solvents. In: Ethyl Browning's Toxicity and

Metabolism of Industrial Solvents, vol. II, p 491 Amsterdam-New York-Oxford: Elsevier.

Soderstrom G,Marklund S (2002) PBCDD and PBCDF from incineration of waste-containing

brominated flame retardants. Environmental Science & Technology 36:1959-1964.

Spurgeon DJ, Lofts S, Hankard PK, Toal M, McLellan D, Fishwick S, Svendsen C (2006)

Effect of pH on metal speciation and resulting metal uptake and toxicity for earthworms.

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 25:788-796.

SRI Consulting (SRIC) (2004) Worldwide FR consumption and geographical distribution.

Zürich, Switzerland.

Stackelberg P, Furlong E, Meyer M, Zaugg S, Henderson A,Reissman D (2004) Persistence of

pharmaceutical compounds and other organic wastewater contaminants in a conventional

drinking-watertreatment plant. Science of the Total Environment 329:99-113.

State of California USA (2013) Assembly Bill No. 127 Chapter 579, An act to add Section

13108.1 to the Health and Safety Code, relating to fire safety. legislative counsel's digest

http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140AB127.

State of California USA,Department of Consumer Affairs (2013) Bureau of Electronic &

Applicance Repair, Home Furnishings & Thermal Insulation (BEARHFTI), Technical

Bulletin 117-2013, Requirements, Test Procedure and Apparatus for Testing the Smolder

Resistance of Materials Used in Upholstered Furniture TECHNICAL BULLETIN

117-2013 Requirements, Test Procedure and Apparatus for Testing the Smolder

218

Page 27: UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Environmental · PDF fileindustrial chemicals notification and assessment scheme NICNAS Full public - ... Mansell JE, ter Laak TL, ... Dekant

References

Resistance of Materials Used in Upholstered Furniture .

http://www.bhfti.ca.gov/about/laws/attach_11.pdf.

Stevens GC, Mann AH (1999) Risks and benefits in the use of flame retardants in consumer

products. (For the UK Department of Trade and Industry, ed), p 197 Surrey: Polymer

Reserch Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford.

Stumm W, Morgan JJ, (1996) Aquatic chemistry: chemical equilibria and rates in natural waters.

(Stumm W, Morgan JJ eds),New York, U.S.A: John Wiley & Sons.

Sundkvist AM, Olofsson U, Haglund P (2010) Organophosphorus flame retardants and

plasticizers in marine and fresh water biota and in human milk. Journal of Environmental

Monitoring 12:943-951.

Supresta (2006) Material Saftey Data Sheet (MSDS) - Fyrolflex BDP. Product safety

department, Supresta.

Sverko E, Tomy GT, Reiner EJ, Li Y, McCarry BE, Arnot JA, Law RJ,Hites RA (2011)

Dechlorane Plus and Related Compounds in the Environment: A Review. Environmental

Science & Technology 45:5088-5098.

Syracuse Research Corporation (SRC) (2006) An assessment of potential health and

environmental impacts of RDP and BAPP, two phosphate-based alternatives to Deca-

BDE for use in electronics. In: Conducted for the Washington State Departments of

Ecology and Health.

Syracuse Research Corporation (SRC) (2009) SRC Physical Property Database (PHYSPROP,

Pentaerythritol: 115.77.5).

Syracuse Research Corporation (SRC) (2011) Toxic Substance Control Act Test Submission

Database (TSCATS).

Ter Laak TL, Agbo SO, Barendregt A,Hermens JLM (2006) Freely dissolved concentrations of

PAHs in soil pore water: Measurements via solid-phase extraction and consequences for

soil tests. Environmental Science & Technology 40:1307-1313.

The Subcommittee on Flame-Retardant Chemicals CoT, Board on Environmental Studies and

Toxicology, National Research Council (2000) Toxicological Risks of Selected Flame-

Retardant Chemicals. Washington D.C.: National Academy Press.

219

Page 28: UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Environmental · PDF fileindustrial chemicals notification and assessment scheme NICNAS Full public - ... Mansell JE, ter Laak TL, ... Dekant

References

Thompson RC, Swan SH, Moore CJ,vom Saal FS (2009) Our plastic age. Philosophical

Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 364:1973-1976.

U.K. Environment Agency, Brooke DN, Crookes MJ, Burns J, Quarterman P (2009a)

Environmental risk evaluation report: Tetraphenyl resorcinol diphosphate (CAS no. 57583-

54-7). In: SCHO0809BQUL-E-P, p 78 Bristol, U.K.

U.K. Environment Agency, Brooke DN, Crookes MJ, Quarterman P, Burns J (2009b)

Environmental risk assessment report: summary and overview aryl phosphate esters

(Draft). Bristol, U.K.

U.K. Environment Agency, Fisk PR, Girling AE, Wildey RJ (2003) Prioritisation of flame

retardants for environmental risk assessment. p 129.

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic

Substances and Disease Registry (2009) Toxicological Profile for Phosphate Ester Flame

Retardants (Draft).

UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) OECD SIDS (1998; 2005) Pentaerythritol

(CAS No. 115-77-5), SIDS Initial Assessment Report for 8th SIAM. France, 28-30

October, 1998..

UNEP OECD SIDS (2002) Triphenyl Phosphate (CAS No. 115-86-6).

UNEP OECD SIDS (2007) Ammonium Polyphosphate APP (CAS No. 68333-79-9).

UNEP (2008) Guidance on flame-retardant alternatives to pentabromodiphenyl ether

(PentaBDE). In: The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants of the

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Stockholm, Sweden.

UNEP, Stockholm Convention - Press release (8 May 2009) Governments unite to step-up

reduction on global DDT reliance and add nine new chemicals under international treaty.

Geneva.

U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) (1973) Waste Treatment; Upgrading Metal-

Finishing Facilities to Reduce Pollutions. EPA 625/3-73-002:273.

U.S. EPA (2008) Flame retardants in printed circuit boards (Draft). (Design for the

Environment (DfE) Flame Retardant in Printed Circuit Board Partnership, ed), p 273.

220

Page 29: UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Environmental · PDF fileindustrial chemicals notification and assessment scheme NICNAS Full public - ... Mansell JE, ter Laak TL, ... Dekant

References

U.S. EPA (2005) Environmental Profiles of Chemical Flame-Retardant Alternatives for Low-

Density Polyurethane Foam - Volume 1 (Furniture Flame Retardancy Partnership, ed), p

153.

U.S. EPA (2006) Non-confidential 2006 IUR Records by Chemical. Inventory Update

Reporting (IUR). Washington, DC, USA.

U.S. EPA (2008) Flame retardants in printed circuit boards. (Design for the Environment

(DfE) Flame Retardant in Printed Circuit Board Partnership, ed), p 273.

U.S. EPA (2011) Estimation Programs Interface Suite™ for Microsoft® Windows v4.10.

Washington, DC, USA.

U.S. EPA (2012) Ecotox Database. vol. Version 4.

Vainiotalo S, Verkkala E, Savolainen H, Nickels J, Zitting A (1987) Acute Biological Effects of

Commercial Cresyl Diphenyl Phosphate in Rats. Toxicology 44:31-44.

van der Veen I,de Boer J (2012) Phosphorus flame retardants: Properties, production,

environmental occurrence, toxicity and analysis. Chemosphere 88:1119-1153.

van Gestel CAM, van der Waarde JJ, Derksen JGM(, van der Hoek EE, Veul MFXW,

Bouwens S, Rusch B, Kronenburg R,Stokman GNM (2001) The use of acute and chronic

bioassays to determine the ecological risk and bioremediation efficiency of oil-polluted

soils. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 20:1438-1449.

Vazquez-Rodriguez GA, Icela Beltran-Hernandez R, Coronel-Olivares C,Rols J (2011)

Standardization of activated sludge for biodegradation tests. Analytical Bioanalytical

Chemistry 401:1127-1137.

Volkskrant (2001) Spoedoverleg branche over brandbaarheid van kleding (Dutch industry

meets with utmost urgency to discuss flamability of clothing) - press release. Volkskrant

Archief

http://www.volkskrant.nl/vk/nl/2844/Archief/archief/article/detail/596128/2001/01/0

3/Spoedoverleg-branche-over-brandbaarheid-van-kleding.dhtml.

Waaijers SL, Hartmann J, Soeter AM, Helmus R, Kools SAE, de Voogt P, Admiraal W,

Parsons JR,Kraak MHS (2013a) Toxicity of new generation flame retardants to Daphnia

magna. Science of the Total Environment 463:1042-1048

221

Page 30: UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Environmental · PDF fileindustrial chemicals notification and assessment scheme NICNAS Full public - ... Mansell JE, ter Laak TL, ... Dekant

References

Waaijers SL, Kong D, Hendriks HS, Wit CA, Cousins IT, Westerink RHS, Leonards PEG,

Kraak MHS, Admiraal W, de Voogt P, Parsons JR, (2013b) Persistence, Bioaccumulation,

and Toxicity of Halogen-Free Flame Retardants. In: Reviews of Environmental

Contamination and Toxicology, Vol. 222 (Whitacre DM ed), pp 1-71. Springer New York.

Waaijers SL, Brandsma SH, Helmus R, Sellström U, de Wit CA, Kraak MHS, de Voogt P,

Parsons JR, Leonards PEG, Analysis of aromatic organophosphorus flame retardants in

water and STP effluents and determination of their aqueous solubilities, submitted.

Washington State Department of Ecology and Department of Health (2006) Washington State

Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) Chemical Action Plan: Final Plan. p 307

Olympia, WA, USA: Department of Ecology Publication No. 05-07-048, Department of

Health Publication No. 334-079,.

Watanabe I, Sakai S (2003) Environmental release and behavior of brominated flame

retardants. Environment International 29:665-682.

WHO (World Health Organisation) (1991) Triphenyl Phosphate. In: Environmental Healt

Criteria-111, vol. International Program on Chemical Safety Geneva, Switzerland.

WHO (1994) Polybrominated biphenyls. In: Environmental Healt Criteria-152 vol.

International Program on Chemical Safety Geneva, Switzerland.

WHO (1995) Tetrabromobisphenol A and derivatives. International Program on Chemical

Safety:

WHO (1997) Flame retardants: A general introduction. In: Environmental Healt Criteria-192,

vol. International Program on Chemical Safety Geneva, Switzerland.

WHO, UNEP, (2014) Water, health and ecosystems. The Health and Environment Linkages

Initiative (HELI); 2014, March 15:http://www.who.int/heli/risks/water/water/en/#.

William Blythe (2010a) Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) - Flamtard H (Zinc Hydroxy

Stannate). Pinfa.

William Blythe (2010b) Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) - Flamtard S (Zinc Stannate). Pinfa.

Wills JH, Barron K, Groblewski GE, Benitz KF, Johnson MK (1979) Does Triphenyl

Phosphate Produce Delayed Neurotoxic Effects? Toxicology Letters 4:21-24.

Wood JM (1985) Effects of Acidification on the Mobility of Metals and Metalloids - an

Overview. Environmental Health Perspectives 63:115-119.

222

Page 31: UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Environmental · PDF fileindustrial chemicals notification and assessment scheme NICNAS Full public - ... Mansell JE, ter Laak TL, ... Dekant

References

Wren CD,Stephenson GL (1991) The effect of acidification on the accumulation and toxicity

of metals to freshwater invertebrates. Environmental Pollution 71:205-241.

Wu J-P, Luo X-J, Zhang Y, Luo Y, Chen S-J, Mai B-X, Yang Z-Y (2008) Bioaccumulation of

polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in wild

aquatic species from an electronic waste (e-waste) recycling site in South China.

Environment International 34:1109-1113.

Yoon D, Jung HT, Kwon G, Yoon Y, Lee M, Bae I, Joo BJ, Kim M, Lee SA, Lee J, Lee Y,

Cho E, Shin K,Sung BJ (2013) Dynamics and Mechanism of Flame Retardants in Polymer

Matrixes: Experiment and Simulation. J Phys Chem B 117:8571-8578.

Zatta P, Perazzolo M, Facci L, Skaper SD, Corain B, Favarato M (1992) Effects of Aluminum

Speciation on Murine Neuroblastoma Cells. Molecular and chemical neuropathology 16:11-

22.

Zeiger E, Anderson B, Haworth S, Lawlor T, Mortelmans K, Speck W (1988) Salmonella

Mutagenicity Tests: III. Results from the testing of 255 chemicals. Environ Mutagen

11:158.

Zhang J, Delichatsios M, Mckee M, Ukleja S,Pagella C (2011) Experimental study of burning

behaviors of intumescent coatings and nanoparticles applied on flaxboard. Journal of Fire

Sciences 29:519-530.

223