Utility Infrastructure, Energy Generation & Consumption · Energy Generation & Consumption GOAL:...
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Utility Infrastructure, Energy Generation & Consumption
Transcript of Utility Infrastructure, Energy Generation & Consumption · Energy Generation & Consumption GOAL:...
Utility Infrastructure, Energy Generation & Consumption
Energy Generation & Consumption
Gas Purification1
(Scrubbers &Membranes)
• 65% CH4• 30% CO2• 5% Other (H2S, etc)
Pure Methane( ~99.6% CH4)• CO2
• H2S
Impure Gas
To Pipeline
Water Waste
Manure
Food / Water
Solid Waste
Anaerobic Digestion
(~1,000,000 gallons)
Realities of Hog Waste for Energy Production
Heat
Agitation
Energy Generation & ConsumptionRealities of Hog Waste for Energy Production
~100 Miles
Under 1000 / Undisclosed
1,000 – 9,999
10,000 – 39,999
40,000 – 99,999
100,000 and Up
~6,750,000 Hogs in South Coastal Region
Source: 2005 US Agriculture Census
GOAL: Exceed CRED Pledge by 25%• Key focus Areas:
– Building Efficiency– Plant(s) Efficiency– Carbon profile of campus fuel mix– Focus on zero carbon fuels (ie solar)
• Possible Metrics1: – lbs of CO2 / kWh in 10 years– lbs of CO2 / kWh in 25 years2
– lbs of CO2 / kWh in 50 years2
Energy Generation & Consumption
1. CRED pledge is based on a per capital number, this metric promotes the use of CO2 / kWh to simplify calculation and tracking
2. Value in these metric categories should continually decrease
¢/kW
h
Simple cycle Gas
Turbine
Comb. cycle Gas
TurbineCoal Clean
CoalNuclear Wind
Costs for Electricity Generation by Technology in Dollars and CO2
GOAL: Utilize Free Energy FirstKey focus Areas:
– Passive Solar– Active Solar– Natural Ventilation– Geothermal– Daylight
Possible Metric: – Analyze passive and active solar
strategies on all projects– % Provide natural ventilation to all public
spaces and all non hazardous environments
– % Daylight Factor Coverage
Energy Generation & Consumption
GOAL: Provide Energy from Renewable SourcesKey focus Areas:
– Building Efficiency– Domestic hot water– Alternative fuel sources
• Hog waste• Wood biomass• Poultry litter• Solar
Possible Metric: Y / N ???or %
Energy Generation & Consumption
GOAL: Provide highly efficient utility plantsKey Targets:
– Electric Chiller Plants ≤ 0.8 kw / ton– Heat Pump Plants ≤ 0.9 kw / ton– Combined Heat and Power (CHP) 80%– Concentrated Solar Power (CSP)
Possible Metrics: – Electric Chiller Plants kw / ton– Heat Pump Plants kw / ton– CHP Plant: Efficiency %– CSP Plant: Efficiency % or kW
Energy Generation & Consumption
GOAL: Use centralized systems where possible to take advantage of ‘Waste = Food’ concept
Key focus Areas:– Waste of each building “species”– Food requirements of each building
“species”
Possible Metrics: – XX% recovered waste providing YY%
food for campus / precinct
Energy Generation & Consumption
Energy Generation & ConsumptionGOAL: Provide redundancy appropriate to
building program requirements for electricity and thermal utilities
• Key Targets:– Critical-use Buildings (ie RENCI,
Research Labs, etc): Four 9’s1
– Non-critical Buildings: Three 9’s2
– Residential Buildings: Three 9’s2
• Possible Metrics: – # of 9’s
1. Four “9’s” of reliability represents 52.56 minutes of downtime / year2. Three “9’s” of reliability represents 8.76 hours of downtime / year
Energy Generation & ConsumptionGOAL: Provide net energy metering • Key focus Areas:
– Electrical Use (kWh)– Natural Gas Use (ft3)– Steam Use (mmbtu / month)– Water Use (Gallons)– General Material Use (Tons)– General Waste (Tons)
• Possible Metrics: – % of all building ins and outs
Energy Generation & ConsumptionGOAL: Provide local and web accessible display
of energy performance • Key focus Areas:
– Aggregated campus and building level displays
– Analog vs Digital display– Influencing campus users’ actions
• Possible Metrics: – % of buildings have energy performance display
Source: www.greentouchscreen.com
Energy Generation & ConsumptionGOAL: Provide display of energy consumption
for central systems.• Key focus Areas:
– CHP Plant– Chiller Plant– Heat Pump Plant– Other Renewable Energy Systems– CO2 flow
• Possible Metrics: – 100% of systems to have energy display
Energy Generation & ConsumptionGOAL: Provide education / training on central / building
systems for employees and campus users• Key focus Areas:
– CHP Plant– Chiller Plant– Heat Pump Plant– Other Renewable Energy Systems– Distributed systems– MEP systems at each building
• Possible Metrics: – Training provided to of staff (%)– Training provided to 100% of general users (%)– Provide UNC “User Liaison” per building (#)
Energy Generation & ConsumptionMasterplanning Guidelines - Plan for Combined Heat and Power (CHP)- Allow for changing technologies in system design
- Provide shared utility corridors for transportation and utilities.
- Provide back-up power as a centralized utility- Use hot water as distribution source whenever possible to minimize losses
- Locate chiller plants as close as practical to high density cooling loads
- Provide adequate buffer around CHP plants to avoid disturbance of campus and residential occupants
- Locate CHP plant with easy access for fuel deliveries
