Utah School of Computing Preliminaries I CS5540 HCI Rich Riesenfeld Fall 2009 Lecture Set 1.
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Transcript of Utah School of Computing Preliminaries I CS5540 HCI Rich Riesenfeld Fall 2009 Lecture Set 1.
![Page 1: Utah School of Computing Preliminaries I CS5540 HCI Rich Riesenfeld Fall 2009 Lecture Set 1.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0e5503460f949e3da1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Utah School of Computing
Preliminaries I
CS5540 HCIRich Riesenfeld
Fall 2009
Lect
ure
Set
1
![Page 2: Utah School of Computing Preliminaries I CS5540 HCI Rich Riesenfeld Fall 2009 Lecture Set 1.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0e5503460f949e3da1/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 2Fall 2009
What is the HCI Issue?
• Is the interface the concern?• Is the issue a matter of accomplishing
work, some set of tasks?• Are we focusing on wrong thing?• Do we often discuss telephone
interfaces?
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 3Fall 2009
What is the HCI Issue?
• Is the interface the concern?• Is the issue a matter of accomplishing
work, sbome set of tasks?• Are we focusing on wrong thing?• Do we often discuss telephone
interfaces?
![Page 4: Utah School of Computing Preliminaries I CS5540 HCI Rich Riesenfeld Fall 2009 Lecture Set 1.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0e5503460f949e3da1/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 4Fall 2009
Is Interface Point of Disc ? - 2
• Do we often discuss telephone interfaces?
• Does dancer look at his/her feet?• Does guitar player look at string?• Does driver look at pedals?• Does …?
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 5Fall 2009
“Doing Work” View
• Need to understand the user and human behavior
• How does an architect approach a custom home design for a new client?
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 6
Ex: Architecture’s Bubble Diagram ͋ - 1
_____________͋͋ Succeeding Bubble Diagram section based on Flickr post . . , (Aug 2009) by Harrison Architects
• Tool architects use in initial design phase
• Assists in capturing living dynamics & flow
• Helps to drive suitable layout
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 7
Ex: Architecture’s Bubble Diagram ͋ - 2
• Quick way of diagramming basic relationships
between rooms
• Exposes functions in building
• Heavier lines imply stronger connections
• Need not translate directly to a floor plan- Helps clarify where rooms ought to be
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 8
Ex: Architecture’s Bubble Diagram ͋ - 3
• Legend:
• Dining Room (DR) • Kitchen (K)• Mud Room/Laundry
(MR)• Living (LR) • Great Room (GR)
• Study Nook (S)• Away Room (AR) • Toilet (WC) • Bathing Rooms (BR)
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 9
Ex: Architecture’s Bubble Diagram ͋ - 4
Next is 1st bubble diag of main floor (More) Affordable Green Home:
• S connected to LR• AR connected to LR
- not connected as directly- AR intended to be “away”
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 10
Ex: Architecture’s Bubble Diagram ͋ - 5
Next is 1st bubble diag of main floor (More) Affordable Green Home:
• WC & BR need to be near MR & AR- not connected as directly – - intended to be “away”- AR will function as an occasional BR
![Page 11: Utah School of Computing Preliminaries I CS5540 HCI Rich Riesenfeld Fall 2009 Lecture Set 1.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0e5503460f949e3da1/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 11
Ex: Architecture’s Bubble Diagram ͋ - 5
Next is 1st bubble diag of main floor (More) Affordable Green Home:
• WC & BR need to be near MR & AR- not connected as directly – - intended to be “away”- AR will function as an occasional BR
![Page 12: Utah School of Computing Preliminaries I CS5540 HCI Rich Riesenfeld Fall 2009 Lecture Set 1.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0e5503460f949e3da1/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 12
Ex: Architecture’s Bubble Diagram ͋ - 6
1st Diagram capturing flows
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 13
Ex: Architecture’s Bubble Diagram ͋ - 7
2nd Diagram rearranges blobs into a vague shape
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 14
Ex: Architecture’s Bubble Diagram ͋ - 8
3rd Diagram attempts metric space allocation; looks at effects of arrangement on quality
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 15
Ex: Architecture’s Bubble Diagram ͋ - 9
4rd Diagram further tries to resolve conflicts bet building and owner lot. Some dimensions do not work
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 16
Ex: Architecture’s Bubble Diagram ͋ - 10
5th Diagram involves a whack at second floor
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 17
Ex: Architecture’s Bubble Diagram ͋ - 11
6th Diagram becomes increasing realistic;
Many calculations to establich feasibility,
satisfaction of constraints, determine what spec’s to relax
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Fall 2009
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 19Fall 2009
• Effective to use• Interesting, pleasing, attractive, inviting• Intuitive à la Alan Kay’s children• Organized, hierarchically structured,
clean
What good interface principles - 1do we already know ?
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 20Fall 2009
• Help functions, Search, etc• Consistent form (aka “design integrity”)• Automatic assistance
- Completions- Spelling
What good interface principles - 2do we already know?
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 21Fall 2009
• Lead the user- Prompts- Indicate nature of any problem
No indication Vague, misleading indication Wrong indication (Latex)
- Specific communication• Navigational aids: navi sys’s often huge
What good interface principles - 3do we already know?
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 22Fall 2009
• Meaningful error msgs- Don’t send you elsewhere- Give useful data- Area of inadequate traditions
• Multiple paths to a function• Keep it simple
What good interface principles - 4do we already know?
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 23Fall 2009
• Gain user’s trust• Bottom up is probably most comfortable • Simple tasks should be simple• WYSIWYG – easy to get started
- piano v violin
What good interface principles - 5do we already know?
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 24Fall 2009
Our history hurts us… - 1
• Developed poor communications habits
• Natural language terribly ambiguous
- Meaning: “Mary had a little lamb”
• Resources used 2B scarce
• Other priorities, historically
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 25Fall 2009
Our history hurts us… - 2
• Error Messages- Early computing: “Compiler error”- Even now: Sys Error EM732851- “Check Engine”- Error from wrong module: Latex
• Confusing directions- 400 S HOV Interchange on I15
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 26Fall 2009
Our history hurts us… - 2
• Small road signs <example>
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 27Fall 2009
Our history hurts us: KE007 - 3
KE007 1 Sep 1983
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 28Fall 2009
Our history hurts us… KE007 - 4
• Korean Airlines Flight 007• 269 onboard, veered over Soviet
airspace in Pacific, and was shot down• Pilot/Navigator keyed in numerical
coordinates by hand for flight plan!
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 29Fall 2009
Our history hurts us… KE007 - 5
How about:• Automatic download?• Picking from a menu?• Symbolic names?• Confirmation playback?
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 30Fall 2009
Our history hurts us… KE007 - 6
How about:• Context check (like type-checking…)?
- Pilot, run, time, plane, schedules, assignments, etc
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 31Fall 2009
Our history hurts us… KE007 - 7
• How about:• Monitors, Alarms, Inhibitors?• Confirmation message?
- Aviation tower communications- Telephone technical conversations
• Parity checks?
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 32Fall 2009
Audi• Cars took off from a standing position• Driver error, claimed Audi…• Whose error was it?
Our history hurts us… - 8
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 33Fall 2009
Our history hurts us… - 9
NASA’s Mars Orbiter space probe
NASA’s Polar Lander Mars space probe
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 34Fall 2009
Our history hurts us… - 10
• NASA space probe• Lost major mission over units mistake• JPL group worked in SI units• Colorado group worked in English units• Combining results led to bad numbers• Type checking issues?
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Fall 2009
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 36Fall 2009
What does this sign
mean?
Culture -1
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 37Fall 2009
What does this sign
mean?
Culture-2
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 38Fall 2009
Culture - 3
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 39Fall 2009
Culture - 3
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 40Fall 2009
Culture - 3
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 41Fall 2009
• Up is better than down- Religion, Dante, …
• When we refer to ourselves- We point to our noses?- Our chests?
• Point with index finger or hand ?
Culture - 4
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 42Fall 2009
Critical Interfaces
• Nuclear power plants: 1961 SL1 nuclear disaster - Interface had better be clear and foolproof
• Airplane cockpit- Computer graphics has simplified controls,
information
• Power saw, laser indicator• TMI
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 43Fall 2009
Accessibility of Controls
• Where is the interface?
• Where is the emergency “Off” ?
• Access causes:- Exposure to danger
- Confusion
- Loss of critical time
- Distraction (John Denver’s plane crash)
- Disorientation
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 44Fall 2009
Parameter Overload
• Too many choices
• What does a parameter (widget) do?
• Which is the most important at this time?
• Examples
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 45Fall 2009
Effect of Function: Examples
• Water faucets in a sink• Manual gear shift: 4 on the floor• Chords on a guitar: hard!• Interface is dictated (confused) by
needed function
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 46Fall 2009
Other Historical Examples
• Books are essentially linear• Stories or communications needs are not• Hyper-text
- Breaks the shackles of linear text stream- Digress as needed, desired
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 47Fall 2009
HCI is a Design Problem
• Design is old subject• Well studied, rich traditions• Apply design methodologies to build
better interfaces• We will look at this viewpoint
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 48Fall 2009
Important Operational Issues
• Reliability
• Availability
• Security
• Data integrity
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 49Fall 2009
Important Basics
• Standardization across app’s- Apple did this first
• Integration of packages and tools- Unix does this well
• Consistency in actions, design style, terms, menus, color, fonts, etc
• Portability across platforms- Less than advertised (Quicken, eg)
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 50Fall 2009
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 51
Inconsistent Placement
Fall 2009
Full Cup Button
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 52Fall 2009
Palm Desktop Calendar
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 53Fall 2009
Palm Handheld Calendar
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 54Fall 2009
Important Stats -1
• Time to learn• Speed of performance
- How much coffee can one drink?• Rate of errors by users
- “The user is always right!”
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 55Fall 2009
Important Stats -2
• Retention over time- Do you have to start at square 1?
• Subjective satisfaction- Do you like it (no explanation needed!)- Can you develop attachment for it?
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 56Fall 2009
Dramatically Different Needs - 1
• Life-critical systems- Air traffic; nuclear reactors; cockpits; power
utilities; emergency, military, medical, operations
• Commercial- Banks, resv’s, inventory, point-of-sales
(Hertz, Fedex,..), registration,..
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 57Fall 2009
Dramatically Different Needs - 2
• Home, office, entertainment- Obvious needs
• Exploratory, creative, cooperative systems- Bad interface (computer or otherwise) can
destroy the process
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 58Fall 2009
Human Diversity
• Ergonomics, anthropometry- Are you “average?”
• Physical consideration- Height, stiffness, posture, shape, size of
working area- IPD, head size, light sensitivity- Left-handedness
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 59Fall 2009
• Short-term memory• Long-term memory• (Over 40 year old users…)• Problem solving• Decision making
- Armageddon situations
Cognitive Processes- 1
(from Engineering Abstracts)
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 60Fall 2009
• Attention and set (scope of concern)- ADHD, Ritalin population (5%)…
• Search and scanning
• Time perception
Cognitive Processes (fr Eng Abs)- 2
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 61Fall 2009
• Arousal and vigilance• Fatigue• Perceptual (mental) load• Knowledge of results• Monotony and boredom
Perceptual & Motor Performance Factors (ibid)- 1
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 62Fall 2009
• Sensory deprivation• Sleep deprivation
- New driving regulations- Medical interns/residents
• Anxiety and fear• Isolation
Perceptual and Motor- 2
Performance Factors (ibid)
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 63
• Aging
• Drugs and alcohol
• Circadian rhythms
Fall 2009
Perceptual and Motor- 3
Performance Factors (ibid)
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 64Fall 2009
Gender Differences
• Males and Females are different!- Aggressiveness comparisons- Learning environments
Positive v. Negative Reinforcement- Sensitivities
• Much has been observed• Firm principles are scarce
- Some research at Stanford
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 65Fall 2009
• Extrovert v Introvert- Extroverts like action
• Sensing v Intuition- Routine v (Discovering New)
Carl Jung’s- 1
Personality Differences
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 66Fall 2009
• Perceptive v Judging- New situations v planning
• Feeling v Thinking - Sensitive v logical
Carl Jung’s Personality Differences - 2
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 67Fall 2009
Recent Study Result …
• Multi-tasking does not work!• Ergo, one should not:
- Drive a car- Talk on a mobile phone
• Q: Is driving a car a single task??• Q: Is playing piano a single task??• Q: Is speaking a foreign language??
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 68Fall 2009
Cultural & International Diversity - 1
• Characters, numerals, special characters, diacriticals
• Left-to-right v (right-to-left or vertical reading)
• Date and time formats - International standards
• Numeric and currency formats
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 69Fall 2009
Cultural & International Diversity - 2
• Weights and measures• Telephones and addresses
- Fixed v variable length• Names and titles
- Mr., Ms., Mme, M., Dr.• SSNs, national IDs, • Capitalization and punctuation
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 70Fall 2009
Cultural & International Diversity - 3
• Sorting sequences- Different alphabets
• Icons, buttons, colors• Pluralization, grammar, spelling• Etiquette, policies, tone, formality,
metaphors
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 71Fall 2009
Users with Disabilities
• Can truly open doors
- Man with ALS who uses head to type
• Doing it well requires good client model
• Designer challenges
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 72Fall 2009
Evaluating Interfaces - 1
• Understanding of a practical problem• Lucid statement of a testable hypothesis• Manipulation of small number of
independent variables• Measurement of specific dependent
variables
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 73Fall 2009
Evaluating Interfaces - 2
• Careful selection and assignment of subjects
• Control for bias in subjects, procedures, and materials
• Application of statistical tests• Interpretation of results, refinement of
theory, and guidance for experimenters
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 74Fall 2009
Possible Research Directions - 1
• Reduced anxiety of computers• Graceful evolution of systems• Specification and implementation of
interaction• Direct manipulation
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 75Fall 2009
Possible Research Directions - 2
• Input devices• Online assistance• Information exploration• Applications across platforms
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Utah School of Computing
End of Lecture Set 1 Preliminaries
End
Lec
Set
1
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 77Fall 2009
Our history hurts us… - 2a
• Small road signs <example>• CircuitCalculator <example error msg>
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Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide 78
Our history hurts us: KE007 - 3a
from Wikipedia article:"Korean Airlines Flight 007"