Using Research to Advance Your Internationalization Goals...Using Research to Advance Your...

NAFSA Conference 2015 Boston: Smithee, Blair, Choudaha1

Using Research to Advance Your Internationalization

GoalsA Presentation for the 2015 NAFSA Conference

Thursday, May 28, 2015: 9:30 AM – 10:30 AM

Michael Smithee, EdDPresident, SmitheeAssociates

Scott Blair, PhDTransnational Learning Consulting, LLC, France

Rahul Choudaha, PhDChief Knowledge Officer & Sr. Director of Strategic Development

World Education Services, New York

NAFSA Conference 2015 Boston: Smithee, Blair, Choudaha2

INTRODUCTION

• FOCUS for Research

• FRAMEWORK for Utilizing Research

• FUNCTION of the International Educator in Research

MINDSET

NAFSA Conference 2015 Boston: Smithee, Blair, Choudaha 3

Using Research to Advance Your International Education Goals



How do we foster research by faculty, staff & students that benefits the entire spectrum of international education; that assesses its learning outcomes; and links the idea of advancing such knowledge to developing effective comprehensive internationalization through publication?

OVERVIEW


LEARNING OBJECTIVES

1. The audience will appreciate the scope of research currently being conducted and published.

2. Gain insight into how to use research in support of international education.

3. Value how research informs the assessment of strategy and learning outcomes.

4. Identify current research needs that support educational goals.



RESEARCHER

POLICY COMMUNITIES

PRACTITIONERSTRATEGIC DECISIONS

Developing a Mindset


PRESENTATIONS


Research as a Focus for Internationalization

within Higher Education

Scott Blair, Ph.D.

Scott G. Blair, PhDAssessment & Evaluation

Transnational Learning Consulting, LLCParis, France

[email protected]

• Mission Statements• Strategic Plans• Formal Assessment

• Reporting Structure• Staff Configurations• Office Configuration

• Gen Ed Requirements• Language Requirement• Co-curricularPrograms• Learning Outcomes

• Hiring Guidelines• Tenure Policies• Promotion policies• Faculty Development

• Study Abroad• International Students

• Joint-degree• Dual/double-degree• Branch Campuses• Offshore Programs

-

Internationalization is achieved by the incorporation of global perspectives into teaching, learning, and research; building international and intercultural competence among students, faculty, and staff; and establishing

relationships and collaborations with people and institutions.(AMERICAN COUNCIL ON EDUCATION, JUNE 2012)

The Origins of Global LearningGlobalization, at its most general level, stresses world-wide interdependence, stretching beyond any national, regional, ethnic, and racial boundaries. Within this context, the internationalization of higher education represents a response to the forces and realities created by globalization and focuses on how culture, policies, practices, and programs at colleges and universities should be viewed to promote and foster a global perspective for all members of the higher education community—students, staff, and faculty.

NAFSA defines internationalization as the “conscious effort to integrate and infuse international, intercultural, and global dimensions into the ethos and outcomes of postsecondary education. To be fully successful, it must involve active and responsible engagement of the academic community in global networks and partnerships.”

Assessment and Evaluation for International Educators.2009 Teaching, Learning, and Scholarship Knowledge Community Task Force on Assessment and Evaluation, © 2012 NAFSA: Association of International Educators.

The Imperative of Global Learning

Educating students for a global future is no longer elective. The Association of American Colleges and Universities (AAC&U) has identified global knowledge, ethical commitments to individual and social responsibility, and intercultural skills as major components of a twenty-first-century liberal education.

Recognizing that their graduates will work and live in an interdependent, highly diverse, fast-changing, and volatile world, an increasing number of colleges and universities are including global learning goals in their mission statements (Meacham and Gaff 2006).

Caryn McTighe Musil, Assessing Global Learning, Matching Good Intentions with Good Practice. Shared Futures Initiative, © 2006 AAC&U, p.1.

Setting Global Learning GoalsAs institutions begin the process of establishing global learning goals, five levels

of goal setting should be kept in mind:

1. Overarching institutional goals2. Divisional and departmental goals3. General education goals4. Individual course goals5. Campus life goals

Each level is vitally important, and each must be linked to the others. All must function synergistically in order to have the most dynamic impact.

Caryn McTighe Musil, Assessing Global Learning, Matching Good Intentions with Good Practice. Shared Futures Initiative, © 2006 AAC&U, p.1.

Global Learning Outcomes: Examples

TYPES OF OUTCOMES RESEARCH IN EA 2011FORUM ON EDUCATION ABROAD DATA COMMITTEE SURVEY (MAY 20 TO AUGUST 3, 2011)

497 INSTITUTIONAL MEMBERS RECEIVED THE SURVEY; 237 COMPLETED IT

ASSESSMENT LOOPAPPLIED TO CURRICULAR AND CO-CURRICULAR LEARNING OUTCOMES

Identify Program & Learning Objectives

Design Curricular & Co-Curricular

Learning Activities to Meet Objectives

Provide & Carry Out Learning Activities

Assess Learning to Identify Revisions to Courses & Programs

Use Assessment Results to Revise & Improve Program & Learning Objectives

How the Use of Research Advances Your Education Goals

Research fosters your professionalism by… Identifying and applying standards of good practice Aligning practice to theory and action to knowledge Focusing on the educational end game: learning outcomes

Research improves your administrative efficiency by… Allocating resources to strategy formation Anchoring decision-making to facts and evidence Providing visibility into one’s institutional performance

Research cultivates your expertise by… Legitimizing mentoring, advocacy or consulting work Certifying advancement through training Remaining current and informed

Research advances your institution and the larger Academy by… Generating new knowledge and theory Disseminating such knowledge and theory through publication Validating sustainable policy, both local and global


Towards Evidence-based Strategies: Case of International Student

Enrollment

Rahul Choudaha, Ph.D.

Framework

© 2015 World Education Services, Inc. All rights reserved. wes.org/RAS

Towards Evidence-based Strategies: Case of International Student EnrollmentRahul Choudaha, Ph.D.Chief Knowledge Officer & Sr. Director of Strategic DevelopmentWorld Education Services, New [email protected] wes.org/ras

May, 2015 | NAFSA Annual Conference, Boston


How many of you have “sufficient” resources to accomplish your goals?How many of you think that we are in a complex world?


The central message

• Challenge: Limited resources Complex choices

• Implication: Information and insights for efficient and effective strategic choices and resource utilization


Big are getting bigger: undergraduate students

Applicants (5% of total)2,788

Admits627

Enrollees142

Applicants (16% of total)14,185

Admits2,505

Enrollees696

409%

UCLA International Freshmen Enrollment Funnel

2008

2014


But what about the diversity?

Texas A&M University

• More than 1 out 3 international graduate students are from China.

• Chinese graduate students more than doubled from 667 in Fall 2004 to 1,555 in Fall 2014.

Michigan State University

• 3 out of 4 international undergraduate students are from China

• Up from 44 to 3,848 between Fall 2004 to Fall 2014


What about student experiences and expectations? Campus climate? Institutional reputation?

27


Deepening the understanding of international student needs, profiles and expectations


NAFSA Research Report

Why undergraduate international students

might leave their institution of first enrollment

before completing their degree?

What are good practices that will help improve

the experience and retention of undergraduate

international students?

Source: Choudaha, Rahul & Schulmann, Paul (2014). Bridging the Gap: Recruitment and Retention to Improve International Student Experiences, NAFSA: Association of International Educators. Retrieved from www.nafsa.org/retentionresearch

http://www.nafsa.org/retentionresearch


Key Findings: Why?

Institutional responses Student responsesTop three reasons by institutions are diverse - transfer to a “better fit

institution”- financial reasons - academic difficulties

Top three reasons relate to financial aspects - access to jobs or internships- affordability - availability of scholarships

Reasons related to academic preparedness were ranked third and fourth

Reasons related to academic preparedness were not among the top five




The Recruitment-Retention Connection

Recruit

Positive Experience

Retain

Positive Engagement




Questions to inform enrollment strategy

Informed Enrollment Strategy

Who?Identifying Segments

Where?Prioritizing Markets

How?Mapping Channels


Understanding student needs, profiles and expectations

Academic Preparedness

Fina

ncia

l Res

ourc

esLo

wH

igh

Low High

STRIVERSAdvancement

HIGHFLIERSPrestige

EXPLORERSExperience

STRUGGLERSImmigration

Source: Choudaha, R., Orosz, K. & Chang, L. (2012). Not All International Students are the Same. wes.org/RAS


Towards Sustainable International Student Enrollment Strategies

Quick-Fix Sustainable

Quantity Quality

Reactive Proactive

Disjointed Integrated

Anecdote Evidence

Source: Choudaha, Rahul (2015). Is your international enrolment strategy sustainable? University World News http://bit.ly/WESframework


Towards evidence-based strategies

“It is better to be vaguely right than precisely wrong”Gupta & Lehmann (2005) “Managing Customers as Investments”

"Measure what you want, not what you can measure.“Fioramonti, Lorenzo (2014) “How Numbers Rule the World, The Use and Abuse of Statistics in Global Politics”

Rahul Choudaha | [email protected] | wes.org/ras


Additional resources

• Bridging the gap: Recruitment and retention to improve international student experiences, NAFSA Research Report

• Bridging the digital divide: Segmenting and recruiting international millennial students, WES Research Report

• Improving the experiences of international students, Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning

• How do we assess the impact of internationalization? University World News• Higher Education Internationalization – What gets measured, gets funded,

University World News

https://www.nafsa.org/retentionresearch

http://wenr.wes.org/2013/09/student-segmentation-for-an-effective-international-enrollment-strategy/

http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00091383.2014.969184

http://www.universityworldnews.com/article.php?story=20141002095714747

http://www.universityworldnews.com/article.php?story=20140702133825465


The Research Function of

International Educators

Michael Smithee, Ed.D.


RESEARCHER

POLICY COMMUNITIES

PRACTITIONERSTRATEGIC DECISIONS

Developing a Mindset


Intelligent Internationalisation: A 21st century imperativeLaura E Rumbley, 17 April 2015, Issue No:363, University World News

It (internationalization) demands a commitment to the training of thoughtful practitioners in the field, working in tandem with researchers, policy-makers and institutional leaders....

“Intelligent internationalisation” demands the development of a thoughtful alliance between the research, practitioner and policy communities.


WHAT DO WE MEAN BY RESEARCH

Utilize

Creating

Investigating

Utilizing

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http://shutterstock.7eer.net/c/13749/42119/1305?u=http://www.shutterstock.com/pic.mhtml?id=170760092&subid1=cat_search&subid2=top&subid3=smallapi&sharedid=photo


Research – 2011-20131. Students and their experiences2. Educational policy 3. Broader concepts of internationalization and

globalization

1. Asia accounted for 24% articles2. English speaking countries, 50% of articles

Douglas Proctor, New hub for international education research, University World News, 03 April 2015 Issue No:361. The International Education Research Network (IERN).

Hot topics can be found at http://www.ieaa.org.au/iern/hot-topics.

http://www.ieaa.org.au/iern/


Research – 2011-2013

Journal articles, book chapters and research reports = 49%

Douglas Proctor, New hub for international education research, University World News, 03 April 2015 Issue No:361. The International Education Research Network (IERN).

Hot topics can be found at http://www.ieaa.org.au/iern/hot-topics.

Quantitative and Qualitative methods

http://www.ieaa.org.au/iern/


CONTENT OF CURRENT RESEARCH

• Mobility (value of study abroad)• Diversity• Student learning• Intercultural Competence• Curriculum• Culture Shock


CONTENT OF CURRENT RESEARCH

• Online courses• Entrepreneurship• Minority enrollment in SA• Program Evaluation• Assessment and Assessment Tools• Measuring internationalization

performance


ON CAMPUS – WHO HAS A POINT OF VIEW ABOUT RESEARCH ON IZA? GROUPS Administrator/Leadership Faculty Consumer Governance and Funders

FUNCTIONS Teaching and Learning Research and Scholarship Service

John K. Hudzik, A Potpourri of Researchable Issues on the Internationalization of Higher Education Institutions, AERA/NAFSA Initiative, 2013. http://www.nafsa.org/_/File/_/potpourri_of_researchable.pdf

Your Role as an International Educator should beSpecifically to prepare yourselves to, Define Conduct Sponsor Support Engage in research

BUT also, to Initiate Inspire/Mentor Collaborate Monitor Ask hard questions Ask researchable questions See that research supports & bolsters opinion where it counts



ENGAGING IN RESEARCH ON YOUR CAMPUS

CAMPUS GOALS

DEVELOP YOUR THOUGHTS

COLLABORATE AS NEEDED

DETERMINE DISSEMINATION

48Michael Smithee for the FAIE 2015 Conference, http://smitheeassociates.com

Journal of Research in International Education

Finding Trends in Research of Internationalization

http://www.ieaa.org.au/iern/home

http://www.ieaa.org.au/iern/home

http://www.ieaa.org.au/

http://www.ieaa.org.au/


Finding Trends in Research of Internationalization: JOURNALS(A Partial List)

Frontiers: Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad

Journal of Studies in International Education International Research and Review Journal of Research in International Education International Journal of Multicultural Education


Finding Trends in Research of Internationalization:General Resources

(A Partial List)

idp Education – database Review of Global Studies Literature: NAFSA EAIE Webshop University World News International Association of Universities WES – Research and Advisory Services IERN – International Education Research Network


ROUNDTABLE DISCUSSIONS


ROUNDTABLE DISCUSSIONSAs a result of the panelist's comments, the audience will discuss at their round tables issues related to research and assessment pertinent to their institutions.1. What are the INHIBITORS to conducting research by

IE professionals in general and/or on your campus?2. What are the FACILITATORS to conducting research by

IE professionals in general and/or on your campus?3. How has research been used on your campus (or on

campuses that you know about) to FOSTER CHANGES in institutional policy?

4. What kind of research and assessment have proven the greatest VALUE to your institution.


WRAP UP


LIST OF RESOURCES• Review of Global Studies Literature

• Promoting Research on the Internationalization of Higher Education

• A Potpourri of Researchable Issues on the Internationalization of Higher Education Institutions

• Reflections on Global Problems of Higher Education: A European Perspective

• The Global Higher Education Market and Its Tensions

• Review of Global Studies Literature, May 15, 2014

http://www.nafsa.org/WorkArea/linkit.aspx?LinkIdentifier=id&ItemID=19338

http://www.nafsa.org/WorkArea/linkit.aspx?LinkIdentifier=id&ItemID=42833

http://www.nafsa.org/_/File/_/potpourri_of_researchable.pdf

http://www.nafsa.org/_/File/_/reflections_on_global.pdf

http://www.nafsa.org/_/File/_/global_higher_ed_market.pdf


• A Potpourri of Researchable Issues on the Internationalization of Higher Education Institutions, John K. Hudzik, AERA/NAFSA Initiative, 2013. http://www.nafsa.org/_/File/_/potpourri_of_researchable.pdf

• Assessing Global Learning, Matching Good Intentions with Good Practice. Caryn McTighe Musil, Shared Futures Initiative, © 2006 AAC&U, p.1.

• Assessment and Evaluation for International Educators.2009 Teaching, Learning, and Scholarship Knowledge Community Task Force on Assessment and Evaluation, © 2012 NAFSA: Association of International Educators.

• Bridging the gap: Recruitment and retention to improve international student experiences, NAFSA Research Report.

• Comprehensive Campus Internationalization , (American Council on Education, June 2012).

• Higher Education Internationalization – What gets measured, gets funded, University World News.

• How do we assess the impact of internationalization? University World News .

• Improving the Experiences of International Students, Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning

• Intelligent Internationalisation: A 21st century imperative, Laura E Rumbley, 17 April 2015 Issue No:363 University World News.

• New hub for international education research, Douglas Proctor, University World News, 03 April 2015 Issue No:361. The International Education Research Network (IERN).

• Research Trends, Needs, and Funding. NAFSA RESOURCE LIBRARY, http://www.nafsa.org/resourcelibrary/default.aspx?catId=308

• Student segmentation for an effective international enrollment strategy, WES Research Report

• Types of Outcomes Research in EA 2011, forum on Education Abroad data Committee Survey (May 20 to August 3, 2011).

REFERENCES


WRAP UP - 11. Identify your research question(s)

2. Look for evidence

3.Look for research partners, as needed

4.Conduct your research

5.Disseminate and/or Publish your

research


WRAP UP - 21. Turn in your Roundtable response sheets2. Complete the evaluation3. Business Cards available

Scott Blair: [email protected] Choudaha: [email protected] Smithee: [email protected]

Or

mailto:[email protected]




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