Using Reader-Oriented Language Chapter 8. Principle 1 USING SPECIFIC AND UNAMBIGUOUS LANGUAGE Using...
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Transcript of Using Reader-Oriented Language Chapter 8. Principle 1 USING SPECIFIC AND UNAMBIGUOUS LANGUAGE Using...
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Using Reader-Oriented Language
Chapter 8
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Principle 1
USING SPECIFIC AND UNAMBIGUOUS LANGUAGE
Using Specific Language
Vague: A computer in one of the labs isn’t working properly.
Specific: The monitor on computer 26 in the College of Science lab is flickering erratically.
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Using Unambiguous Language
Sentences should correctly convey only one meaning.
Ambiguity results from: Misplaced Modifiers Dangling Modifiers Stacked Nouns Faulty word choice
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Misplaced Modifiers
Ambiguous: This appear to modify the wrong referent. To eliminate the ambiguity, place the modifier as close to the intended referent as possible.
EXAMPLE Ambiguous: Our manager suggested to the vice
president that we register for the class in San Francisco. Unambiguous: Our manager suggested to the vice
president in San Francisco that we register for the class.
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DANGLING MODIFIERS
Dangling Modifiers have no referent in the sentence.
DANGLING: Trying to put out the fire (modifier), the fire extinguisher broke (main clause).
In the previous sentence there is no Actor.
Correct: Trying to put out the fire, I broke the fire extinguisher.
Correct: As I was trying to put out the fire, the fire extinguisher broke.
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Switch from Passive to Active
By changing the passive voice construction to the
active voice, you can correct the dangling modifier.
Example:
Dangling: To connect to employees in other organizations, meetings should be organized.
Correct: To connect to employees in other organizations, organize meetings.
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Stacked Nouns
STACKED: The president suggested that a universal committee member evaluation criteria should be selected.
CORRECT: The president suggested that committee members should be selected based on a universal criteria for evaluation.
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Faulty Word Choice
Ambiguous: We were held up at the bank.
Unambiguous: We were delayed at the bank.
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PRINCIPLE 2
ELIMINATE REDUNDANCY:
Please give our proposal your thought and consideration……because it will help and benefit..
Please consider our proposal as it will help…
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Eliminate Unnecessary Words
Write an example of concise sentence.
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USE SIMPLE WORDS
Use simple and familiar words.
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Use Positive Language
Start with a positive statement.
Example: Incorrect: Do not discontinue taking the medicine.
Correct: Continue taking the medicine.
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Use Technical Terminology Consistently and Accurately
Use only when readers have technical knowledge and expertise.
Stick to a technical term consistently.
Manuals Handbooks Software Guide Reference Guides Reports, memos etc.
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Use Nonsexist Language
Sexist: Each employee should maintain his equipment.
Nonsexist: Employees should maintain their equipments.
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Consider your Readers’ Culture
Avoid Idioms
Humor may not be something that you can translate in another language.
Use technical language that international readers will understand.
Avoid localisms – phrases known only to people in a specific area.
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Exercise
Exercises 1-11 on pages 216-218
Finish these exercises. The practice exam would have questions from the practice exercises that you have completed from chap 7 and 8.