Using Projects With Turbo

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Using Projects with Turbo/Borland C++

Introduction

Most of this information will apply to using projects with other Borland IDEs. However, the

brief instructions in this document have been tested with Turbo 4.5 and with Borland 4.52running under Windows 95 and under Windows NT. If differences between Windows 95/NT

and Windows 3.1 develop, I will amend this document to reflect the differences.

Borland 5.0 users I've updated sections of the document for those using Borland 5.0 (I've

tested making projects/libraries using Borland 5.02).

Although you may not have thought deeply about it, all programs you've written using

Turbo/Borland compilers have linked in code stored in libraries. Libraries are needed for I/O,

math, graphics, and so on. Normally the IDE (Integrated Development Environment) takes

care of the details of linking in the right libraries for you. When you use AP classes, and other classes that you decide will be useful for students to use (e.g., Dice, Date, etc.) student

projects will need to link the code for these classes into the project. You can do this in one of

two ways:

Include all the source code (*.cpp files) for all classes used in the project. Class

implementations do not have main functions, so you then add a program with a main,

that uses the classes. You build your project, then run it. The word build is used rather

than compile because there are several files that are compiled to create the executable

program. Libraries are linked with the compiled code as well to create the executable.

1.

Create a library of the AP and other class code. Then add this single library to the

project in which the program you write (the file containing main) is located. Build the

executable and run it.

2.

There are at least two distinct advantages to creating a library. The first is that a student

project has only two entries in it (or more if the student herself creates a multi-file project):

the apclass library and the student code. The second is that when the code is put in the

library, only the code that's needed is linked and added to the executable program. This

makes programs smaller.

Creating and Using Projects

In this section we'll discuss the rudiments of creating a new project, adding files to it,

compiling and running. This isn't meant to be a complete introduction to projects, there is

online help for that, but the online help is scattered and some of the information in this

section isn't immediately accessible.

To create a new project follow these steps -- be sure to see the instructions after these if youneed to include AP classes, or other non-system classes that you're using.

Borland 5.01.

ng Projects with Turbo/Borland C++ http://www.cs.duke.edu/~ola/ap/workshop/material/turboproject.html

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The option for 'new project' is found under the File menu, there is a submenu labeled

New, choose Project there. Proceed as with Borland/Turbo 4.5.

Borland/Turbo 4.5

From the Project menu choose New project . When the dialog box pops up, specify

EasyWin[.exe] for the Target Type. You do this by clicking on this label. You shouldn't

have to change either the Platform or the Target Model. The defaults of Windows 3.x(16) for Platform and Large for Target Model will work fine (these are the defaults on

my machine).

To specify the name of the project, either use the topmost text field to type the

complete path-name of the project, or use the Browse button to navigate among disks

and directories, then type the name of the project in the browser dialog.

By convention, projects in Borland/Turbo use .ide as the suffix. You should use this

since it will help the browser find your projects.

You'll get a Project window open at the bottom of the IDE after you create the project.

There will be the main project node (labeled with [.exe] and three sub-nodes used for

the project. The first thing to do is remove the nodes labeled with [.rc] and [.def]

(unless you know how to create these, if so please explain to me).

To remove a node, click on the icon with the right mouse button held down. This will

pop up a little menu with several choices. Choose Delete Node and click on Yes when

the dialog asks for confirmation.

6.

By default, the name of the .cpp file containing main is the same as the name of the

project. If you don't want this, remove the .cpp node. If you do this you'll want to then

add a node to the project. You can only add an existing file, so if you want a new file,

specify new from the File menu, then save the new file, then add a new node to the

project.

To add a node to the project click on the project node. This is the node at the top of the

project window with the [.exe] suffix. Click with the right mouse button, choose add,

then navigate to the file you want to add. If you have only one file in the project, you're

done and you can now compile and run using the options under the Project menu

(compile, make, build) and the Debug menu (run) (or you can use the lightning bolt

shortcut).

7.

If your project uses more than one file, e.g., it uses the class apstring defined in

apstring.cpp, you'll need to add other source files to the project. Click (right mouse

button) on the top, main project node to add additional source files (but see information

on libraries below).

If you've added other source files, or are using include files that are in another directory,you'll need to modify the paths that the IDE uses to find source and header files. Use

the Options menu and choose the Project sub-menu. In the section labeled

Directories, which should be showing when you invoke the Project sub-menu, you'll

8.


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see paths for source, include, and libraries. You'll need to modify the Include

directories to add the directory in which the ap classes are found. Separate different

directories using a semi-colon. On my machine I use the following, you'll need to

modify this for your machine (I'm adding the directory c:\apclasses to the include

path).

e:\tcwin45\include;c:\apclasses

Order matters

If you want the apclasses directory to be included first, then be sure to put it before the

system includes.

If you want to create a style sheet, which you can then attach to any project so that all

projects have the same attributes, then you can use the Style Sheet option from the

Option menu (although this doesn't seem to always work, see below on how to make

all projects inherit the same paths).

Finally, you can make any project have the same attributes as the last project that was

loaded into the IDE. To do this, edit the file tcwin.ini typically found in the Windows

subdirectory of your main drive. In the section labeled [Project] add the line

inherit=1

then each new project inherits the attributes of the last project. Alternatively, you can

also use the same project (this is what I do), and just add a new, main source file.

9.

Creating Libraries

In this section we'll describe briefly how to turn all the ap classes and other classes into a

library that can be linked into all of your programs, and your students' programs. If you have

a network, you can add new classes to this library and students will automatically link the

classes into their projects. This way student projects are kept minimal: typically they have

two entries only: a main source file and the apcs library.

In the instructions below you'll learn how to create a library you can use with all student

projects.

The first step in creating a library is to specify a new project. When the dialog pops up,

specify Static Library (for .exe) [.lib] as the project type. I name the ap library

aplib.lib but you can use another name if you want to. You must specify Static rather

than Dynamic using the radio buttons that become active when you specify static

library as the type of the project --- be sure that you've done this!

Borland 5.0x users

You must specify

1.


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win 3.x(16)

under the platform section when creating the static library. This is because the

easywin.exe project you'll use is NOT win32, but is a 16bit project. On my machine the

default for platform is win32, so be sure to change this or you'll get an error message

when your executable/project is compiled/linked.

You'll now add all the source files for the classes you want to include in the library.This includes at least apstring.cpp. You do NOT need to add any of the templated

classes, e.g., apvector.cpp or apstack.cpp. Adding these won't do you any good since

templated classes must be instantiated before they can be used. For the workshop, I

added apstring.cpp, bigint.cpp, clockt.cpp, dice.cpp, prompt.cpp, rando.cpp,

strutils.cpp, and systimer.cpp --- but you can add as many .cpp class files to the project

as you want to.

Remember to alter the paths to include files using the Options menu if necessary.

2.

Borland 5.0

The first step, adding two key files, is not needed in Borland 5.0x, do NOT add these

files.

Borland/Turbo 4.5

This next step is essential to build a usable library. You must add the following two

files to the project.

mathwl.lib

c0wl.obj

The letter 'l' in each of these stands for the large programming model. If you're using

another model for some reason you'll need to change the 'l' (e.g., to 'm' for medium). I

don't know much about this, I do know that using the large model works. These two

files are found in the lib subdirectory of the Borland/Turbo distribution. To navigate,

use add-node from the project (right click), then find the right drive, and the tcwin45

directory (or bc45, etc.), then the lib subdirectory of this. You'll need to change the

browser to allow it to show .lib and .obj files so you can add these to the project.

3.

When you've added all the class files and the two Borland files, you can build the

library (Project menu). Hopefully it will build successfully and you'll be ready to go.

4.

After you've created the library you'll want to include it in your project. Add it like any other

node. If you need to modify paths to libraries to have the IDE find it, use the Options menu.

From this point on, students only need two entries in their projects: one file that contains a

main function, and the library of all class implementations that you created above.

Owen L. Astrachan

Last modified: Sun Sep 6 13:40:03 EDT 1998


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Using Projects With Turbo

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