Using Primary Sources in K-6 Social Studies
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USING PRIMARY SOURCESIn K-6 Social Studies
EDEL 157
3 February 2010
Robin M. Katz
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http://researchguides.uvm.edu/edel157spring2011
Check Out Your Class
Research Guide Online!
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PRIMARY vs. SECONDARY SOURCES
Eye-Witness
Testimonial
Contemporary
Original
Earlier drafts
Raw data
Second-Hand Account
“Pieced together later”
Uses Primary Sources
Interprets creative work
Analyzes Research
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EXAMPLES: PRIMARY SOURCES
Diaries
Letters
Photos
Contemporary Newspapers
Business Reports
Vital Records (birth, death, marriage)
Creative works
Maps
Postcards
Receipts
Oral histories, interviews
Speeches
TV news footage
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EXAMPLES: SECONDARY SOURCES
Books
Journal Articles
Textbooks
Biographies
Later or interpretive newspaper articles
Documentary Films
Art/literary criticism
Analyses of scientific studies
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BENEFITS
• Fun!
• Real perspectives, “history comes alive”
• New information
• New views on old information
• Truth?
• How “history” is made
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CHALLENGES
• Difficult Handwriting
• Old Language (spelling, words)
• Brittle paper, faded ink, holes in text
• Authenticity: Is this real? Trust-worthy?
• Not enough information or context:
who? where?
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ANALYZING PRIMARY SOURCESYOU HAVE TO SUPPLY THE CONTEXT
What is it?
Who created it? What do we know about them? Their perspective/bias?
When is it from? What do we know about the time period?
Where is it from?
What facts are included? Are they accurate?
What opinions are included?
What is implied, conveyed unintentionally, or left out?
What is interesting? Surprising?
What do I not understand?
Adapted from http://www.learnnc.org/lp/editions/nchist-eg/745
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USING PRIMARY SOURCES
Source Topic
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USING PRIMARY SOURCES
Source Topic
*Teachers are more likely to do this
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WHY TEACH with PRIMARY SOURCES?
Class divides in half:
Pros and Cons
Discussion, Report Back
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HOW TO TEACH with PRIMARY SOURCES?
• Teacher support programs (Teaching American History grants, Library of Congress TPS program)
• Teacher kits / guides (American Diary series)
• Best practices, colleagues
• Apply other teaching methods
• Librarians/archivist s may or may not
help with this!
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WHERE TO FIND?
• Cultural Repositories– Libraries (public, university, private)
– Archives (government, organizational, corporate)
– Museums, Historical Societies (educators, kits)
• Online– Subscription databases (through your library)
– Free Sites!
• Private Hands / Collectors– Students, Families
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PHYSICAL (ANALOG) vs. DIGITAL
• Pros and Cons?
– Ease of access?
– Missing information?
– Fun factor?
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USING DIGITIZED MATERIALS
• Read about Primary Sources
– Scout Report: http://scout.wisc.edu/Reports/ScoutReport/Current/
• Search for Primary Sources
– Library Catalog
• Go directly to an online repository to BROWSE