Using Planning and Zoning to Promote Healthy Living.
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Transcript of Using Planning and Zoning to Promote Healthy Living.
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Using Planning and Zoningto Promote Healthy Living
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What is Zoning?•Zoning is the process a municipality uses to plan for land use.
• The major types of zoning include: residential, commercial, industrial, agricultural and historic.
• Sub-categories exist within each of the major ones (example: R-1 for residential zoning for single-family homes, C-2 for a mixed use residential zone that also allows certain businesses, etc.)
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The Zoning Ordinance Zoning establishes permitted uses, densities and
dimensional requirements.• Zoning applies to all development.• Zoning must be in accordance with the
comprehensive plan.• Special use permits.• Variances – use and area.• Rezoning: legislative v. spot.• Innovative zoning techniques (incentive, overlay).
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Who Is Responsible for Creating Zoning?• All power and authority in local government begins with the governing (elected) board.
• If a municipality adopts a set of zoning regulations, it must then create a zoning board of appeals (ZBA), which is separate from the governing board.
• The ZBA is made up of 3-5 local residents.
• Its basic function is to hear appeals and grant relief from the strict application of a municipality’s zoning regulations.
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Powers and Duties of theLegislative Body
• Adoption of a comprehensive plan.• Adoption of a zoning ordinance and map,
including special use permit standards.• Adoption of a subdivision ordinance.• Adoption of site plan review standards.• Amendments to any of the above.• Appointment of members to land use and
community interest boards.
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Who has the Advisory Powers on Land Use?(The Planning Board)
• Development and revision of the Comprehensive Plan– Zoning changes– Capital budgets– Recreation studies– Variance requests– Subdivision regulations– Site plan regulations
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Planning Board Overview
• Planning Board Members are Public Officers
• Term of Office: 5 or 7 years– Must file “Oath of Office”
• Qualifications:– Age, Residency, Citizenship
• Removal:– Attendance problems – For cause
Statutory Requirements:Town Law §271Village Law §7-718General City Law §27Planning Commissions:General Municipal Law §234-§239-a
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Regulating Design and Improvements• Lot configurations• Landscaping • Street Lighting• Drainage• Streets and Roads• Sidewalks and Curbs• Street Pattern• Service Access• Utility Installation
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Walking & Biking Tools
• Narrow Streets• Safe Routes to School• Street Trees• Benches• Bike Lanes• Lighting
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Smart Growth = cluster development, bike paths, open space, location of schools and services near residential areas, farmer’s markets, healthy environment.
Dumb Growth = dependency on individual oil related transportation. Large lots with no services nearby, travel many miles to obtain healthy food, many convenience stores offering high fat non-nutritional foods.
Smart Growth v. Dumb Growth
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How Zoning Affects Healthy Living• Most current zoning promotes convenience stores
whose main purpose is to sell beer, soda, chips and cigarettes. They encourage fast food chains with drive-through windows.
• Much current zoning discourages selling fresh fruits and vegetables, local dairy products, as well as creating places for social gatherings.
• Zoning of the past combined the post office with local farm goods, sidewalk connections, places for the public to gather.
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Zoning Tools for Promoting Health
• Make sure your comprehensive plan is up to date.• Eliminate fast food restaurant drive-thru windows in
your community.• Limit the number of parking space and location of
parking.• Require minimum distance between schools and fast
food restaurants and convenience stores.
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Farmers’ Markets and Your Community• Create a sense of
community• Locate near both
schools and residential areas
• Cars not welcome here
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How Local Officials Can Support Healthy Communities
• Adoption of a comprehensive plan and land use zoning.
• Appointing community interest groups to work as a committee.
• Listen to the advice of their planner or community groups
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Other planning tools & strategies
• Promote local greenways and bike trails that connect from neighborhood to neighborhood and town to town.
• Think about upgrading neighborhood parks with equipment that’s not just for the very young, but also for pre-teens, teenagers and even seniors.
• Work on creating local walking/running groups that meet weekly.
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Where Do We Go From Here?• Have an informal round table discussion on issues
that you feel can improve the quality of life for its residents.
• Meet with elected officials.• Attend planning boards and zoning board of
appeals meeting.• Understand the responsibilities of each board.
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Lessons to Take Home
• Never underestimate the power of the citizen.
• Know what makes a healthy community.
• Begin working with the elected officials.
• Attend planning board meetings to understand how site plan reviews are conducted with an eye to improving the health of the community!
• Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world. Indeed, it is the only thing that ever has. Margaret Mead
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Feel free to contact us!
600 BroadwayAlbany, New York 12207
Office: (518) 512-5270Fax: (518) 512-5274http://www.nypf.org
Judy Breselor, AICP, Executive Director: [email protected] Locke, Community Planner: [email protected]