Using Mohr's Circle to Find Principal Stresses and Angles - For Dummies

7/25/2019 Using Mohr's Circle to Find Principal Stresses and Angles - For Dummies

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2016. 1. 13. U si ng M ohr 's C ir cl e to Find Pr inci pal Str esses and Angl es - For D um mi es

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Using Mohr's Circle to Find Principal Stresses and AnglesBy James H. Allen, III

Part of the Mechanics of Materials For Dummies Cheat Sheet

Anyone in the mechanical sciences is likely familiar with Mohr's circle a useful graphical technique for finding principal stresses

and strains in materials. Mohr's circle also tells you the principal angles (orientations) of the principal stresses without your having

to plug an angle into stress transformation equations.

Starting with a stress or strain element in the XY plane, construct a grid with a normal stress on the horizontal axis and a shearstress on the vertical. (Positive shear stress plots at the bottom.) Then just follow these steps:

1. Plot the vertical face coordinates V(xx , xy).

2. Plot the horizontal coordinates H(yy, xy).

You use the opposite sign of the shear stress from Step 1 because the shear stresses on the horizontal faces are creating a

couple that balances (or acts in the opposite direction of) the shear stresses on the vertical faces.

3. Draw a diameter line connecting Points V (from Step 1) and H (from Step 2).

4. Sketch the circle around the diameter from Step 3.

The circle should pass through Points V and H as shown here.

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5. Compute the normal stress position for the circle's center point (C).

6. Calculate the radius (R)for the circle.

7. Determine the principal stresses P1and P2.

8. Compute the principal angles P1and P2.

You could also use equations directly (instead of Mohr's circle) to determine transformed stresses at any angle:

To construct a Mohr's circle for strain or to use the transformation equations, substitute xx for xx, yyforyy, and (0.5)xyfor xy

in the preceding equations.

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Using Mohr's Circle to Find Principal Stresses and Angles - For Dummies

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