Using Lessons from Chronic Pollution Disturbance to Develop … · • UVic, Aaron Eger, Julia...
Transcript of Using Lessons from Chronic Pollution Disturbance to Develop … · • UVic, Aaron Eger, Julia...
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Using Lessons from Chronic Pollution Disturbance to Develop New Marine Ecological Monitoring Tools to Allow
Rapid Assessment under Emergency Spill Response
Dr. Shannon Mala Bard Practice Leader, Biological Risk Assessment & Science and InnovationHemmera, an Ausenco Company
Aaron Eger & Dr. Julia Baum, Department of Biology, University of Victoria
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CSI Coastal Scene Investigation
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Sites selected along pollution gradient
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Pulp and paper pollution
Toxicity
Anoxia
Physical disturbance
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Improvements in Effluent Quality since EEM
Woodfibre, Howe Sound
0
5
10
15
20
25
1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002
Year
ton
/da
y
BOD
TSS
AOX
Port Mellon, Howe Sound
0
5
10
15
20
25
1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002
Year
ton
/da
y
BOD
TSS
AOX
Powell River
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000
Year
ton
/da
y
BOD
TSS
AOX
Prince Rupert
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000
Year
ton
/da
y
BOD
TSS
AOX
Data kindly provided by Environment Canada and Hatfield Consultants, 2004
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Economic shutdowns
• Prince Rupert mill closed 2001• Woodfibre mill closed 2006• Powell River, closure of 1 of 2 historic mills
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Intertidal Quadrat Studies- faunal data
Percent (%) Cover Under-rock Species Diversity
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Questions
2) What species traits are
selected for in polluted vs.
unpolluted sites?
3) Can we assess the condition of a site based on the species present?
1) Were species impacted and how have they
recovered?
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Q1: Initial impact - 1990s
*
**
* P < 0.05
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High Exposure: Port Mellon
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Moderately Exposed Bowen Is. 20
km
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Reference Site
• Calcareous tubeworms • Midshipman fish • Orange sea cucumbers
Redsponge
bryozoan
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Q1: Species recovery post regulations
*
**
* P < 0.05
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Q1: But how are they recovering?
Adapted fromBaselga 2009
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Q1: Species nestedness
Howe Sound*
Powell River+
Prince Rupert
* P < 0.05+ P < 0.1
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Q1: Species turnover
Howe Sound*
Powell River
Prince Rupert*
* P < 0.05
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Q2: Trait assignment
Size (cm) Value
> 21 5
11 - 20 4
3 - 10 3
1 - 2 2
< 1 1
Mobility Value
Mobile 3
Semi-mobile 2
Fixed 1
Community average trait value
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Q2: Which traits thrive?
P < 0.001R2
adj = 0.52
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Q2: Which traits thrive?
P = 0.03R2
adj = 0.05
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Q2: Trait implications
& Assess
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Q3: Indicator species
Site Condition
Presence-Absence of
?
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Q3: Determining indicator species
1) Split data into a)training set & b) test set
2) Build training models predicting condition with different combos of the 15 species as predictors
3) Assess predicted values against independent test data (R2)
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−0.50
−0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
5 7 9 11 13 15
Number of coefficients
R s
qu
are
d (
1:1
)
Q3: How many species?
Most common species coefficients
73 % “accuracy”
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Take Aways
1) Mill pollution reduced species richness
2) Recovery can occur naturally
• Beta diversity provides additional insights
3) Pollution selects for smaller, mobile species
4) It is possible to assess the condition of a site based on a subset of species (with good accuracy)
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Contaminated Sites Applications
• Use of community traits index more informative than presence/absence surveys- insight into community health
• Identify sites which are not recovering naturally, candidates for restoration efforts
• Shoreline Cleanup & Assessment Technique (SCAT)
• Use indicator species survey technique for oil spill response baseline surveys - time restrictive, easily train volunteers
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Acknowledgements
• UVic, Aaron Eger, Julia Baum, Quinn Lowen, Tella Osler• SFU, Katerina Vassilenko, Chris Kennedy, Vicki Marlatt, Fabiola Ukah,
Jeremy Jackson• Eric Chiang, DFO
• NSERC Engage & Discovery Grants• Dalhousie University Fac of Science• Howard Hughes Medical Institute• Stanford University URO • Haas Public Service Fellowship• Morrison Institute for Population and
Resource Studies• Nova Scotia Dept of Economic Dev.• YTV Environment Award• NSERC Engage Grant• MITACS • DFO
All Coastal Scene Investigators 1985 – present
Funding
For more CSI info, go to www.ecotoxicology.ca
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Acknowledgements
Consultation and logistics
• Metlakatla Nation
• Gitxaala Nation
• Lax Kw’alaams Nation
• Kitsumkalum Nation
• Kitselas Nation
• Northwest Community College
• Prince Rupert Port Authority