Using freshwater KBAs for informing conservation and development ...

Using freshwater KBAs for informing conservation and

development policy and action in Kerala and Tamil Nadu

Results from the ‘Refining and validating freshwater Key Biodiversity

Areas (KBAs) for Kerala and Tamil Nadu’ workshops

IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature)

May 2014 (workshops: 3-14 March 2014, Keystone Foundation, Kotagiri, Tamil Nadu)

Funded by the Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF) www.cepf.net

The Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF) is a joint initiative of l’Agence Française de Développement, Conservation

International, the European Union, the Global Environment Facility, the Government of Japan, the MacArthur Foundation

and the World Bank. A fundamental goal is to ensure civil society is engaged in biodiversity conservation.

http://www.cepf.net/

http://www.iucn.org

http://www.zooreach.org

http://www.cepf.net

Contents 1. Key terms in regional languages ......................................................................................................... 3

2. Background ......................................................................................................................................... 6

3. Participants ......................................................................................................................................... 8

4. What is a Key Biodiversity Area (KBA)? ............................................................................................... 9

5. Results of KBA delineation and validation workshops ........................................................................ 9

6. KBA data informing policy and action ............................................................................................... 15

7. Recommendations for future work .................................................................................................. 16

8. KBA data availability .......................................................................................................................... 16

9. References: ....................................................................................................................................... 22

Annex I. Example of KBA data sheet – Periyar KBA .............................................................................. 23

Annex II. KBA trigger species................................................................................................................. 28

Molluscs ............................................................................................................................................ 28

Odonata ............................................................................................................................................ 28

Shrimps ............................................................................................................................................. 28

CRABS ................................................................................................................................................ 29

Plants ................................................................................................................................................. 29

Fishes ................................................................................................................................................ 30

Annex III. KBA potential site champions and stakeholders .................................................................. 31

Annex IV. Non KBA specific stakeholders ............................................................................................. 34

Annex V. a) Conservation projects; b) Development projects relevant for KBA data .......................... 37

Citation: IUCN. 2014. Using freshwater KBAs for informing conservation and development policy and

action in Kerala and Tamil Nadu. Results from the ‘Refining and validating freshwater Key

Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) for Kerala and Tamil Nadu’ workshops, May 2014. IUCN, Cambridge, UK.

Photo on cover page: Pykara Water Falls, Tamil Nadu (in the Moyar KBA)

If you have any questions regarding the data and outputs presented in this report, please contact

the IUCN Freshwater Biodiversity Unit ([email protected])

1. Key terms in regional languages Translators:

Malayalam - Sreedhar Vijayakrishan; Tamil - P. Jeganathan; Kannada - Sanjay Gubbi; Hindi - Sameer Kumar Pati.

Kerala (Malayalam)

Tamil Nadu (Tamil)

Karnataka (Kannada)

Hindi

Biodiversity fÃªÀªÉÊ«zsÀå

Aquatic plants ൾ ¤Ãj£À°è É̈¼ÉAiÀÄÄªÀ

VqÀUÀ¼ÀÄ

Freshwater fish ൾ

¹»¤Ãj£À «ÄÃ£ÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ

Molluscs ªÀÄÈzÀéAVUÀ¼ÀÄ

Odonata (dragonflies & damselflies)

MqÉÆ£Ál (KgÉÆÃ¥ÉèÃ£ï

amÉÖ & qÁªÀiï¸É¯ïì) –

Shrimps ൻ ¹ÃUÀr

Crabs Kr

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species

LAiÀÄÄ¹J£ï PÉA¥ÀÄ

¥ÀnÖAiÀÄ°ègÀÄªÀ

C¥ÁAiÀÄPÉÆÌ¼ÀUÁzÀ

¥Àæ s̈ÉÃzÀUÀ¼ÀÄ

Critically Endangered (IUCN Red List Category)

ർ

wÃªÀæªÁV

C½«£ÀAa£À°ègÀÄªÀªÀÅUÀ¼ÀÄ

(LAiÀÄÄ¹J£ï PÉA¥ÀÄ

¥ÀnÖ ªÀUÀð)

Endangered (IUCN Red List Category)

C½«£ÀAa£À°ègÀÄªÀªÀÅUÀ¼ÀÄ


¥ÀnÖ ªÀUÀð)

Vulnerable (IUCN Red List Category)

C¥ÁAiÀÄPÉÌqÉAiÀiÁUÀ§®èAx

Á


¥ÀnÖ ªÀUÀð)

Data Deficient (IUCN Red List Category)

ªÀiÁ»w PÉÆgÀvÉ


¥ÀnÖ ªÀUÀð)

Freshwater Key Biodiversity Areas (KBA)

ജല ൾ

¹»¤Ãj£À ªÀÄÄRå

fÃªÀªÉÊ«zsÀå ¥ÀæzÉÃ±ÀUÀ¼ÀÄ

(PÉ©J)

(

Kerala (Malayalam)

Tamil Nadu (Tamil)

Karnataka (Kannada)

Hindi

KBA Criteria KBA

PÉ©J ¤zsÁðgÀPÀ CA±À

KBA Criteria Criterion 1: A site is known or thought to hold a significant number of one or more globally threatened species or other species of conservation concern.

ൽ


¤zsÁðgÀPÀ CA±À 1:

MAzÀÄ CxÀªÁ ºÉaÑ£À

¸ÀASÉåAiÀÄ°è

¥Àæ¥ÀAZÀzÁzÀåAvÀ

C¥ÁAiÀÄPÉÆÌ¼ÀUÁzÀ

CxÀªÁ ¸ÀAgÀPÀëuÁ

zÀÈ¶Ö¬ÄAzÀ ªÀÄºÀvÀéªÁzÀ

¥Àæ s̈ÉÃzÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß

ºÉÆA¢gÀÄªÀ CxÀªÁ

ºÉÆAzÀ§ºÀÄzÁzÀ ¸ÀÜ¼À

KBA Criteria Criterion 2: A site is known or thought to hold non-trivial numbers of one or more species (or infraspecific taxa as appropriate) of restricted range.

ൽ

ൾ

/


¤zsÁðgÀPÀ CA±À 2:

GvÀÛªÀÄ ¸ÀASÉåAiÀÄ°è

MAzÀÄ CxÀªÁ ºÉaÑ£À

(CxÀªÁ ¥Àæ s̈ÉÃzÀQÌAvÀ

PÉ¼ÀªÀÄlÖzÀ ¸ÀÆPÀÛ

ªÀVÃðPÀgÀt) ¤§ðA¢üvÀ

ªÀ®AiÀÄzÀ ¥Àæ s̈ÉÃzÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß

ºÉÆA¢gÀÄªÀAxÁ CxÀªÁ


KBA Criteria Criterion 3: A site is known or thought to hold a significant component of the group of species that are confined to an appropriate biogeographic unit or units.

ൽ

ഉൽ


¤zsÁðgÀPÀ CA±À 3: ¸ÀÆPÀÛ

fÃªÀ s̈ËUÉÆÃ½PÀ WÀlPÀ

CxÀªÁ WÀlPÀUÀ½UÉ

«ÄwUÉÆAqÀ ¥Àæ s̈ÉÃzÀUÀ¼À

UÀÄgÀÄvÀgÀ s̈ÁUÀzÀ

UÀÄA¥À£ÀÄß

ºÉÆA¢gÀÄªÀAxÁ CxÀªÁ


KBA Focal Areas ൾ

PÉ©J PÉÃA¢æÃPÀÈvÀ

¥ÀæzÉÃ±ÀUÀ¼ÀÄ

KBA Trigger species

PÉ©J PÁAiÀÄð ¥ÉæÃjvÀ

¥Àæ s̈ÉÃzÀUÀ¼ÀÄ

Kerala (Malayalam)

Tamil Nadu (Tamil)

Karnataka (Kannada)

Hindi

Conservation actions ൾ

¸ÀAgÀPÀëuÁ PÁAiÀÄðUÀ¼ÀÄ

Threats ൾ C¥ÁAiÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ

Stakeholders കർ ൾ s̈ÁVÃzÁgÀgÀÄ

2. Background In 2013, CEPF funded IUCN to build upon the IUCN Red List Assessments of freshwater biodiversity

(published in 2011, see Molur et al. 2011) by working with relevant stakeholders to identify and

validate Key Biodiversity Areas for Kerala and Tamil Nadu (see Figure 1 for the project region). The

aim of this project was to better inform conservation and development activities in the region by

providing reliable and accurate data on important sites for freshwater biodiversity, and to identify

policy (and conservation action) relevant opportunities.

To engage with relevant stakeholders and experts three workshops were ran in March, 2014 at the

Keystone Foundation in Kotagiri, Tamil Nadu (details below in Table 1.). The first two workshops

(‘KBA delineation & validation’ - one for Kerala and one for Tamil Nadu), focused on delineating the

KBA boundaries and identifying the threats, conservation needs and ‘site champions’ (stakeholders)

for the KBA sites. The resulting freshwater KBA’s of Kerala and Tamil Nadu were then reviewed at

the ‘end use and application’ workshop, where opportunities for incorporating the KBA data into

existing conservation and development planning activities, policy and other processes were

discussed.

Table 1. Workshops

Workshop

KBA delineation & validation Kerala

KBA delineation & validation Tamil Nadu

KBA end use & data application

Dates Mon 3rd – Wed 5th

(3 days)

Fri 7th – Sun 9th

(3 days)

Thu 13th – Fri 14th

(2 days)

KBA delineation and validation workshop for Kerala © Kevin Smith

Figure 1. The KBA project region, defined by catchments delineated by the HydroBASINS sub-catchment

layer (Lehner and Grill 2013)

3. Participants

KBA delineation & validation - Kerala Left – right: Emma Brooks (IUCN); Sanjay Molur [back] (Zoo Outreach Organisation & IUCN SSC South Asian Invertebrate SG); Rajeev Raghavan [front] (Conservation Research Group & IUCN SSC Freshwater Fish Specialist Group); Anvar Ali (Kerala State Fisheries Department & Conservation Research Group), K.A. Subbramanian (Zoological Survey of India); Latha Anatha (River Research Centre); K.H. Amitha Bachan (Western Ghats Hornbill Foundation); T.R. Vinod (Centre for Environment and Development); K.V. Jayachandran [front] (Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies); [back] P.O. Nameer (College of Forestry, Kerala Agricultural University); Neelesh Dahanukar (Indian Institute of Science Education and Research). Not in photograph: Kevin Smith (IUCN)

KBA delineation & validation - Tamil Nadu Left –

right: Emma Brooks (IUCN); Priyanka Iyer (Zoo Outreach Organisation); Emma Steigerwald (Zoo Outreach Organisation); Keerthi Krutha [front] (Zoo Outreach Organisation); Neelesh Dahanukar [back] (Indian Institute of Science Education and Research); Sanjay Molur [front] (Zoo Outreach Organisation & IUCN SSC South Asian Invertebrate SG); Rajeev Raghavan [back] (Conservation Research Group & IUCN Freshwater Fish Specialist Group); Kevin Smith (IUCN); Unmesh Katwate (Bombay Natural History Society); K.V. Jayachandran (Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies); Varaprasadam Irudayaraj [front] (St. Xavier's College); K.G. Sivaramakrishnan [back] (Travancore Natural History Society) ; Sameer Kumar Pati (Zoological Survey of India); Not in photograph: Shiny Rehel (Key Stone Foundation); A. Pragatheesh (EIA Resource and Response Centre)

KBA end use & data application Left – right:

Antonia Cermak-Terzian [back] (CEPF); Emma Brooks [front] (IUCN); Priyanka Iyer (Zoo Outreach Organisation); Neelesh Dahanukar (Indian Institute of Science Education and Research); Sanjay Molur (Zoo Outreach Organisation & IUCN SSC South Asian Invertebrate SG); Rajeev Raghavan (Conservation Research Group & IUCN Freshwater Fish Specialist Group); Jack Tordoff (CEPF); Rohit George (French Institute, Pondicherry); A. Pragatheesh (EIA Resource and Response Centre); Sumin George [front] (Keystone Foundation); P. Jeganathan (Nature Conservation Foundation); S. Bharatidasan (Arulagam); Unmesh Katwate (Bombay Natural History Society); K. Mohanraj (Save Coimbatore Wetlands); Kevin Smith (IUCN); R. Prabahkar (Strand Life Sciences) Not in photograph: Bhaskar Acharya (Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment)

4. What is a Key Biodiversity Area (KBA)? The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ is widely recognized as the most comprehensive,

objective global approach for evaluating the conservation status of plant and animal species. It uses

a quantitative threshold based approach to assessing extinction risk of species (IUCN 2012). KBAs

arose through the need to similarly identify sites of global significance for biodiversity. Initially for

birds (Important Bird Areas) and plants (Important Plant Areas) a set of standardised criteria and

thresholds were developed to identify sites in a justifiable and transparent way. The criteria used to

identify KBAs are based on Vulnerability of a site (which is the probability that the site will be lost in

the future), and irreplaceability of the site (that is the spatial option available – in other words if it is

lost from here where else could it be preserved), see below for a summary of the KBA criteria and

thresholds for freshwater taxa (for more detail on the criteria, thresholds and methods used to see

Holland et al. (2012)). So we see the most extreme example of these in sites such as those that

qualify as an Alliance for Zero Extinction (AZE) site, these are single sites which contain an

Endangered or Critically Endangered species that occur nowhere else on earth.

Criteria used to identify a freshwater KBA (Holland et al. 2012)

Criterion 1: A site is known or thought to hold a significant number of one or more globally threatened species or other species of conservation concern. Threshold: The presence of one or more CR, EN or VU species will trigger the site as a potential freshwater KBA. Criterion 2: A site is known or thought to hold non-trivial numbers of one or more species (or infraspecific taxa as appropriate) of restricted range. Threshold: A threshold value of 20,000 km2 should be applied for crabs, fish and molluscs and a threshold value of 50,000 km2 applied for odonates. Criterion 3: A site is known or thought to hold a significant component of the group of species that are confined to an appropriate biogeographic unit or units. Threshold: To trigger qualification at least 25% of the total species from a specific taxonomic group must be restricted to the freshwater ecoregion in which the catchment is located.

5. Results of KBA delineation and validation workshops Before the stakeholder workshops, potential freshwater KBAs were identified by applying the KBA

criteria with the IUCN Red List assessment data for freshwater fishes, crabs, shrimps, molluscs,

dragonflies and damselflies, and selected families of aquatic plants (Molur 2011, IUCN 2013) using

individual sub-catchments as the default ‘sites’ (sub-catchments defined by HydroBASINS, which is

the most accurate global sub-catchment layer currently available, see Lehner 2012, and Lehner and

Grill 2013). The results of this were used as the base data for the KBA Delineation and Validation

workshops.

During the KBA Delineation and Validation workshops the following was discussed for each KBA, and

recorded in a standardised data sheet.

• Site boundary delineation - to determine if the KBA should be delineated as the single sub-catchment or merged with adjacent catchments to from a more logical management unit

• Name the KBA site – based on major rivers or lakes in the KBA catchment • General site text description • Identify and delineate Focal Areas (if needed) – A Focal Area is an area (e.g. lakes,

headwater streams or springs) within a freshwater KBA that is of particular importance for one or more of the KBA trigger species. For example it may contain all or the majority of one or more trigger species populations, or the only known spawning area or migratory route. It may be an area more suited to site scale protection than the wider KBA where catchment management could be required.

• Confirm presence of KBA “trigger” species – A trigger species is a species that qualifies under the KBA criteria triggering the site/sub-catchment to qualify as a KBA

• Protected Area overlap with KBA - Confirm/complete list of KBA overlap with existing protected areas and their management focus (is freshwater biodiversity adequately protected within PAs)

• Identify threats - Identify main threats to freshwater biodiversity in the KBA • Identify habitats - Identify main freshwater habitats in the KBA • Identify conservation actions - Identify conservation actions in place, and propose new

actions • Food security provided - Identify level of food security provided by aquatic resources in the

KBA • Identify KBA stakeholders - Propose organisations to be “site champions” for each KBA (i.e.

those who can undertake conservation actions) or those who are have an interest or impacting the KBA

In total 34 KBAs were identified, delineated and validated for Kerala and Tamil Nadu during the two

workshops (see Table 2 and Figure 1), and an example of the KBA data sheet can be seen in Annex I.

The resulting KBA network incorporates the ranges for 235 KBA trigger species (110 of which are

threatened with extinction, 196 are restricted range, 10 are biome restricted) and can be seen in

Annex II. In addition, a total of 132 potential site champions and stakeholders were recommended

for the various KBAs (see Annex III).

All but one (Chennai Wetland Complex) of the freshwater KBAs overlap with the Western Ghats

hotspot, however many have little or no coverage from protected areas (Figure 2). A number of the

KBA focal areas particularly those in the upper reaches of catchments have some degree of coverage

with protected areas, but others including all focal areas on the coastal areas of Kerala have no

protected area coverage at all (Figure 2). The KBAs with the highest number of trigger species (>39)

are the Upper Cauvery River (52 trigger species), Kabini River (48), and the Bhavani River (47) all of

which are in the upper reaches of the Cauvery River catchment. However the Periyar KBA, contains

the highest number of AZE species (Alliance for Zero Extinction) meaning they are Endangered or

Critically Endangered under IUCN Red List criteria and are restricted to a single site (Figure 3). Figure

4 shows the overlap of with existing (terrestrial) KBAs, showing significant overlap with the

freshwater KBAs and focal areas in the upper reaches of the catchments.

Table 2. Key Biodiversity Areas for the catchments of Kerala and Tamil Nadu, showing the number of KBA

trigger species, Alliance for Zero Extinction (AZE) species and KBA Focal Areas for each KBA.

Key Biodiversity Area State* Trigger species

AZE species

Focal Areas

Arkavati River TN 1 Nelligudda Reservoir and upper catchment

Ashambu Hills KL 21

Bhavani River KL/TN 47

Chalakkudi River KL/TN 38

Chaliyar River KL/TN 38 New Amarambalam

Chandragiri & Payaswini Rivers

KL/KN 11

Chennai Wetland Complex TN 12

Ithikkara River KL 14

Kabini River TN 48 Kuruva Islands Pookoda Lake

Kadalundi Wetland KL 9 2 Kadalundi Wetlands

Kaladi KL/KN/TN 12 1

Kalladayar KL 28 Kulathapuzha River Sasthamkotta and Ashtamudi Lakes Shenduruney Wildife Sanctuary streams

Kallai Coastal Marshes KL 6 1 Kallai Coastal Marshes

Kavvayi Wetlands KL 10 1 Kavvayi Wetlands

Kodaiyar & Pazhayar Rivers TN 16

Kole Wetlands KL 12 Enamavu Wetlands Maranchery Wetlands Thommana Wetlands

Kunthi River KL 27

Kuttiyadi River KL 20

Madayi Laterite Plateau KL 12 1

Moyar River TN/KN 39 Mudumalai Tiger Reserve streams

Nila River KL/TN 29 1

Noyil River TN 13 Anaikatty River Siruvani River

Pamba River KL 31

Pambar River KL/TN 24 Upper Pambar River

Periyar KL 36 4 Periyar Lake and Stream System Periyar River in Idukki District

Pooyamkutty KL/TN 33 Pooyamkutty

Santhampara KL 24 2 Panniyar Stream

Thamirabarani River TN 9 1 Kalakkad River

Upper Cauvery River KN 52

Upper Vaigai River TN 10 Meghamalai rivers

Upper Vaippur River TN 8 Sivagiri Hill streams

Valapattanam River KL/KN 14 Aralam and Brahmagiri streams Kallar Stream

Vamanapuram River KL 20

Vembanad Lake & Catchment

KL 30 1 Vembanad Lake

*State – KL = Kerala, TN = Tamil Nadu, KN = Karnataka

Figure 2. Freshwater KBAs delineated and validated during the Kerala and Tamil Nadu workshops

Figure 3. Freshwater KBAs showing the number of KBA trigger species and AZE sites

Figure 4. Freshwater KBAs showing the overlap with existing (terrestrial) KBAs

6. KBA data informing policy and action The aim of the KBA data end use and application workshop was primarily to identify policy and

conservation opportunities for the KBA information and to develop specific actions (commitments)

from stakeholders at the workshop.

During the KBA end use & data application workshop, the KBA data was reviewed and edited where

necessary. Additional stakeholders (government, NGO and private sector) who were not specifically

linked to an individual KBA were identified along with a non-exhaustive list of conservation and

development projects that could benefit or be better informed with the KBA data (see Annexes IV

and V). Also key policies that affect (either positively or negatively) freshwater biodiversity in Kerala

and Tamil Nadu were discussed.

It is critical to note that the information gathered through these workshops, and presented here

(and made accessible through the various data sources – see below) relies heavily upon the

stakeholders involved in these workshops using the data in the ways agreed to below. In addition to

the specific activities agreed, all workshop stakeholders who attended the KBA workshops have

committed to use the freshwater KBAs to inform their work (where appropriate) and to engage with

KBA Site Champions, other stakeholders and conservation and development projects where they

can.

Specific policy and conservation opportunities and actions for using the KBA data were discussed

after all the information presented above were identified. The actions agreed upon were a

culmination of discussions to identify the most achievable activities considering the limited time and

resources available to workshop stakeholders. The activities are grouped in to four groups; Local

action; Environmental Impact Assessments; National level policy change; Mainstreaming KBAs into

State and local policies (see Table 3).

Discussing freshwater KBAs for Kerala

7. Recommendations for future work In addition to the work identified to inform policy and conservation using the KBAs validated

through this project (see Section 6, and Table 3), a key recommendation was to expand the

freshwater KBA identification process for the whole of India, this will make the freshwater KBA

concept and data more relevant and influential for national (and State) policy, and legislative

processes. In addition, at the workshop it was recognised that the species Red List assessments

which underpin the KBA network needs to be kept up-to-date (re-assessment of species, assessment

of newly identified species), so that the KBAs reflect the findings of new research which is

increasingly providing new records of species, identification of new species, and the local

extirpations of species from sites. Funding to undertake all of this work needs to be identified.

8. KBA data availability All the KBA data (including the KBA and focal area GIS shapefiles, and individual KBA data sheets) will

be made freely available through a number of different online sources, including:

- India Biodiversity & Western Ghats data portals (http://indiabiodiversity.org &

http://thewesternghats.indiabiodiversity.org) - Integrated Biodiversity Assessment Tool (https://www.ibat-alliance.org/ibat-

conservation/login) – KBA data will be made available when the database is next updated

- World Biodiversity Database, Freshwater KBA datazone – currently under development, but

a link to this new resource will be available on the IUCN FBU site when it is published

(www.iucn.org/species/freshwater)

- Zoo Outreach Organisation (http://www.zooreach.org) – contact them for data - IUCN (Global Species Programme, Freshwater Biodiversity Unit)

(www.iucn.org/species/freshwater) – contact them for data

http://indiabiodiversity.org/

http://thewesternghats.indiabiodiversity.org/

https://www.ibat-alliance.org/ibat-conservation/login

https://www.ibat-alliance.org/ibat-conservation/login

http://www.iucn.org/species/freshwater

http://www.zooreach.org/

http://www.iucn.org/

Table 3. Activities agreed by workshop stakeholders

A) LOCAL ACTION

Result 1 - Empowered local communities participating in freshwater biodiversity conservation at select KBAs (focal areas/AZE sites)

LOCAL ACTION 1 - Strategy/actions Who are actors (incl. workshop stakeholders)

Audience Format

1. Awareness raising of local communities and stakeholders

Zoo Outreach Organisation (for AZE sites) along with local organisations; Keystone; River Research Centre; Hornbill Foundation

Panchayats Workshops (multi stakeholder) & breaking down technical KBA data into local language education materials (e.g. manuals, guides, posters)


Local NGOs As above


Civil society / community As above

Zoo Outreach Organisation (for AZE sites), Keystone; River Research Centre; Hornbill Foundation & ATREE/India Biodiversity Portal along with local organisations

Schools As above - additional of projects, field exercises related to freshwater biodiversity etc. KBA data would form a baseline for monitoring, and general education material

Zoo Outreach Organisation (for AZE sites) along with local organisations

Other private or state stakeholders (where relevant) e.g. forest departments

Depends upon stakeholder, includes multi stakeholder workshops - e.g. Forest Department KBA information would be presented in a more technical way

2. Capacity building of stakeholder groups (understanding what they have, monitoring) and setting up of Peoples biodiversity registers (as mandated by the Biological Diversity Act 2002).


Identify select representatives from above stakeholders (e.g. youth clubs, women’s and self-help groups)

KBA data used to build training workshops in basic taxonomy, ecology & monitoring; also used to identify possible conservation actions

3. Setting up of the Biodiversity Monitoring Committees (every Panchayat needs to have a BMC as under the Biological Diversity Act 2002, but not many exist). They are the bodies responsible for identifying and taking action on the ground or giving permissions to others (e.g. local NGOs to act), and they are the bodies that channel state money (via Panchayats)


Panchayats (primarily) plus other stakeholders as per guidelines

KBA data would be used to select Panchayats to set up BMC, also used to identify possible conservation actions

B) ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTS (EIA)

Result 1 - Amendment to EIA Notification that states that any EIA needs to refer to freshwater KBA dataset (e.g. for the 'Form 1')

EIA 1 - Strategy/actions Who are actors Audience Format

1. If data available for whole WGs - produce report on freshwater KBA data set - taken to MoEF to ask if they will amend EIA notifications to include the need to refer to KBA freshwater dataset. This process would take years

EIA Resource and Response Centre (with Zoo Outreach Organisation)

MoEF Meetings and report based on KBA data (ERC would just need access to maps and datasheets online)

2. If this doesn't happen - take report to National Green Tribunal

EIA Resource and Response Centre (with Zoo Outreach Organisation)

National Green Tribunal File petition using KBA data (ERC would just need access to maps and datasheets online)

Result 2 - EIA companies using freshwater KBA data (as baseline) for EIAs when developments take place within freshwater KBAs


1. Make data easily freely available on line India Biodiversity Portal EIA consultants Want primary data (shape files - species lists) - link species lists to IUCN Red List.

2. Make KBA data available through published sources - through ZOOs Print (e.g. one KBA per issues)

Zoo Outreach Organisation Scientists, plus other interested stakeholders

KBA maps and data sheet - with additional expert inputs to develop publications

3. Provide information to Quality Council of India (who licence EIA consultants) on KBA data, encouraging them to recommend its use.

EIA Resource and Response Centre (with India Biodiversity Portal & Zoo Outreach Organisation)

Quality Council of India Letter/summary of KBA data

4. Email to all Indian EIA consultants regarding KBA data and why they should use it.

EIA Resource and Response Centre (with India Biodiversity Portal & Zoo Outreach Organisation)

EIA consultants Email/summary of KBA data

Result 3 - Ensure that developments that occur within KBAs (especially AZE sites and focal areas) are legally challenged based on freshwater KBA data (where

appropriate)


1. Challenge at the National Green Tribunal - project proponent based on inaccuracy of EIA (Form 1)

EIA Resource and Response Centre National Green Tribunal Access KBA basins and associated data sheets from India Biodiversity Portal/IBAT/SACON (ENVIS)

2. Challenge at the National Green Tribunal - Expert Appraisal Committee decision (where they have approved a development - even if EIA did include KBA data)

EIA Resource and Response Centre National Green Tribunal Access KBA basins and associated data sheets from India Biodiversity Portal/IBAT/SACON (ENVIS)

C) NATIONAL LEVEL POLICY CHANGE

Result 1 - National level policy change - Wetland conservation act implementation (focused on KBA data)

NATIONAL POLICY 1 - Strategy/actions Who are actors Audience Format

1. Output analysis- What is a KBA? Breakdown of coverage of KBA network within a) PAs, b) Forest Land (under management of Forestry Department), c) Revenue Land (under management of Revenue Department)

Zoo Outreach Organisation, Kalpa Vriksh, ATREE (Dr. Aravind), BNHS, WWF Rivers for Life, IUCN India, Madras Crocodile Bank Trust, Wetlands International

1. MoEF, 2. Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries (Ministry of Agriculture), Ministry of Tourism, other related government bodies

Policy Brief - restrict to 2 sides



Power point presentation - 5/6/7 slides including links



Article into internal IAS public policy governmental journal - write on behalf of someone within government who could publish it on your behalf




Posters

2. Incorporate information into existing websites: Output analysis- What is a KBA? Breakdown of coverage of KBA network within a) PAs, b) Forest Land (under management of Forestry Department), c) Revenue Land (under management of Revenue Department)

SACON (ENVIS), Zoo Outreach Organisation etc.

1. MoEF, 2. Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries (Ministry of Agriculture), Ministry of Tourism, other related government bodies. Also accessible to all stakeholders

Website - expand their website to act as a platform for information, with increased credibility

Result 2 - Extend Wetland Conservation & Management Act 2010 to incorporate flowing waters


1. Analysis - What proportion of KBAs are rivers/other wetlands type?

Zoo Outreach Organisation etc. Include a sentence within policy brief

Produce a slide or two that can be used in presentations

2. Analysis - network of PAs over KBAs, proportion incorporating Freshwater management

Zoo Outreach Organisation etc. Include a sentence within policy brief

Produce a slide or two that can be used in presentations

D) MAINSTREAMING KBA’S TO STATE AND LOCAL POLICY

Result 1 - Mainstreaming KBA to local land authorities

STATE/LOCAL POLICY 1 - Strategy/actions Who are actors Audience Format

1. Awareness of freshwater richness - Presentaions, posters etc

ZOO, Local NGOs, etc (stakeholders captured in 1st session), conservation research institutions

Forest Department, Individual Wildlife Wardens, Indigenous fishing communities, Local Panchayats

Map, with data sheet in editable format (e.g. Word, csv, html)

2. Training for monitoring ZOO, Local NGOs, etc (stakeholders captured in 1st session), conservation research institutions


Editable data to incorporate into materials, (e.g. can we ask Western Ghats portal to host it in an editable format? Remaining compatible with iBAT etc)

3. Incorporate information into management plan of KBAs

ZOO, Local NGOs, etc (stakeholders captured in 1st session), conservation research institutions


Editable data to support training materials, (e.g. can we ask Western Ghats portal to host it in an editable format? Remaining compatible with iBAT etc)

Result 2 - Management planning cell within the forestry department to incorporate KBA information within management and working plans


1. Translating KBA results into appropriate formats for state and local policy. E.g. Conversation with Jayshree (Care Earth) to find what format is needed for TN.

IUCN, ZOO, Care Earth (TN), CED (Kerala), ATREE for Karnataka?, Sanjay Gubbi (NCF) (for Karnataka?)

Management planning cell within the forestry department

State specific report - same as high level analyses

Result 3 - Engage with research units, e.g. NTCA within each project tiger area


1. Translating KBA results into appropriate format

NTCA, at regional level Similar to above

9. References: Holland, R.A., Darwall, W.R.T. and Smith, K.G. 2012. Conservation priorities for freshwater

biodiversity: The Key Biodiversity Area approach refined and tested for continental Africa. Biological

Conservation 148(1):167-179

IUCN. (2012). IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition. Gland, Switzerland

and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iv + 32pp. http://jr.iucnredlist.org/documents/redlist_cats_crit_en.pdf

IUCN. 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2 www.iucnredlist.org

Lehner, B. 2012. HydroBASINS v1b. Global watershed boundaries and sub-basin delineation

derived from HydroSHEDS data at 15 second resolution. Technical documentation.

Lehner, B. and Grill, G. 2013. Global river hydrography and network routing: baseline data and new

approaches to study the world’s large river systems. Hydrological Processes 27:2171–2186.

Molur, S., Smith, K.G., Daniel, B.A. and Darwall, W.R.T. (Compilers). 2011. The Status and Distribution

of Freshwater Biodiversity in the Western Ghats, India. Cambridge, UK and Gland, Switzerland: IUCN,

and Coimbatore, India: Zoo Outreach Organisation. https://portals.iucn.org/library/efiles/edocs/RL-

540-001.pdf

http://jr.iucnredlist.org/documents/redlist_cats_crit_en.pdf

http://www.iucnredlist.org/

https://portals.iucn.org/library/efiles/edocs/RL-540-001.pdf

https://portals.iucn.org/library/efiles/edocs/RL-540-001.pdf

Annex I. Example of KBA data sheet – Periyar KBA

KBA PROFILE

National Site Name Periyar

KBA delineation Catchment

Focal area delineation Periyar lake and inflowing stream system (PLSS) for fishes; Periyar River in Idukki District for the plant species.

Site description An AZE site that is composed of hill streams with associated reservoirs, surrounded mostly by primary forest and also secondary forest and spice plantations. The site is impacted by reduced flows from Periyar Dam and alien invasive fishes.

Management required at catchment scale

Yes

Management required at focal area within catchment

Yes

KBA TRIGGER SPECIES

Group Species Crit. 1 (Thr. spp)

Crit. 2 (Range km2)

Crit. 3 (Biome rest.)

Notes

Crabs Vela virupa NA 2521 Yes

Fishes Crossocheilus periyarensis

EN 4495 NA AZE species - Periyar lake and stream system

Fishes Garra hughi EN 12172 NA

Fishes Garra periyarensis VU 4495 NA

Fishes Garra surendranathanii EN 10294 NA

Fishes Hypselobarbus kurali NA 6105 NA

Fishes Hypselobarbus periyarensis

EN 2760 NA AZE species - Periyar lake and stream system

Fishes Lepidopygopsis typus EN 4495 NA AZE species - Periyar lake and stream system

Fishes Nemacheilus keralensis VU 13129 NA

Fishes Nemacheilus menoni VU 4495 NA

Fishes Nemacheilus periyarensis VU 4495 NA

Fishes Puntius ophicephalus EN 11935 NA

Fishes Travancoria elongata EN 6355 NA

Fishes Travancoria jonesi EN 11679 NA

Molluscs Iravadia funerea NA 9683 NA

Odonata Esme mudiensis NA 21199 NA

Odonata Euphaea cardinalis NA 22114 NA

Odonata Idionyx minima NA 17442 NA

Odonata Idionyx saffronata NA 24819 NA

Odonata Idionyx travancorensis NA 12146 NA

Odonata Macromia flavocolorata NA 21648 NA

Group Species Crit. 1 (Thr. spp)

Crit. 2 (Range km2)

Crit. 3 (Biome rest.)

Notes

Odonata Merogomphus longistigma

NA 26458 NA

Odonata Onychogomphus nilgiriensis

NA 27739 NA

Odonata Platysticta deccanensis VU 29167 NA

Odonata Protosticta antelopoides NA 17066 NA

Odonata Protosticta davenporti NA 17361 NA

Odonata Protosticta hearseyi NA 40533 NA

Plants Anaphalis beddomei VU NA NA

Plants Anaphalis leptophylla VU NA NA

Plants Anaphalis wightiana VU NA NA

Plants Cyathea crinita EN NA NA

Plants Dimeria hohenackeri EN NA NA

Plants Farmeria indica EN NA NA

Plants Fimbristylis dauciformis EN NA NA

Plants Podostemum munnarense

EN 5893 NA AZE species - Periyar river in Idukki District

Plants Rotala ritchiei EN 10243 NA

PROTECTED AREAS OVERLAP WITH KBA

Name Designation Desig. Type Status PA management focus

Periyar Sanctuary National Designated No freshwater biodiversity management

Idukki Sanctuary National Designated No freshwater biodiversity management

Western Ghats

World Heritage Site

International Inscribed No freshwater biodiversity management

Megamalai Sanctuary National Proposed No freshwater biodiversity management

Periyar National Park National Designated No freshwater biodiversity management

KBA SITE CHAMPIONS

Kerala Forest Department

Tamil Nadu Forest Department

Periyar Foundation

Indian AZE

Conservation Research Group (CRG)

Zoo Outreach Organisation

Center For Environment and Development

KBA FRESHWATER HABITATS

Habitats (IUCN Classification Scheme)

5.1 Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks(includes waterfalls)

5.2 Seasonal/Intermittent/Irregular Rivers/Streams/Creeks

5.7 Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools(under 8ha)

15.1 Water Storage Areas (over 8ha)

THREATS TO KBA

Threats (IUCN Classification Scheme) Notes

1.RESIDENTIAL & COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT 1.1 Housing & urban areas 1.3 Tourism & recreation areas

2 AGRICULTURE & AQUACULTURE 2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops 2.4 Marine & freshwater aquaculture

Tea plantation In ponds that escape into natural system, and stock in reservoirs

3 ENERGY PRODUCTION & MINING 3.2 Mining & quarrying

Granite quarries

6 HUMAN INTRUSION & DISTURBANCE 6.1 Recreational activities

7 NATURAL SYSTEM MODIFICATION 7.2 Dams & water management/use 7.3 Other ecosystem modifications

River diversions

8 INVASIVE & OTHER PROBELMATIC SPECIES 8.1 Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases

Fishes

9 POLLUTION 9.1 Domestic & urban waste water 9.3 Agricultural & forestry effluents 9.4 Garbage & solid waste

CONSERVATION ACTIONS FOR KBA

Conservation actions (IUCN Classification Scheme)

In place Needed Notes

1 LAND/WATER PROTECTION

1.1 Site/area protection yes yes Site protection that exists is not focused on freshwater species. The AZE plant species also requires site protection

1.2 Resource & habitat protection

yes Stream flow restoration below Periyar dam and Idukki dam. The AZE plant species also requires site protection

2 LAND/WATER MANAGEMENT

2.1 Site/area management yes Periyar PA needs focus on freshwater

Conservation actions (IUCN Classification Scheme)

In place Needed Notes

species. Stream flow restoration below Periyar dam and Idukki dam

2.2 Invasive/problematic species control

yes for fishes

2.3 Habitat & natural process restoration

yes Stream flow restoration below Periyar dam and Idukki dam.

3 SPECIES MANAGEMENT

3.1 Species management yes For AZE species

3.2 Species recovery yes For AZE species

4 EDUCATION & AWARENESS

4.1 Formal education yes For all stakeholders

4.2 Training yes On species identification, harvest management and habitat restoration

4.3 Awareness & communications

yes yes

5 LAW & POLICY

5.1 Legislation yes

5.2 Policies and regulations yes

5.3 Private sector standards & codes

yes Implementation of Wetland (Conservation and Management) Act 2010 & Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1974.

6 LIVELIHOOD, ECONOMIC & OTHER INCENTIVES

6.1 Linked enterprises & livelihood alternatives

yes

FOOD SECURITY

Used for food security Score 0 - None; 1-Low; 3 - High

Notes

1. Subsistence

Optional/alternative 1

Essential staple 2

Emergency 0 Unknown

2. Commercial

Local 3

Regional 1

National 0

3.Migrant fishers 0

Notes Fishes only harvested

OTHER

Other biodiversity 15 species of Western Ghats endemic birds (out of 16) are found here, incl. 12 threatened species of birds.

Protected areas overview

The Periyar PA is also an IBA

References 1. Arun, L.K. 1997. Pattern and processess of fish assemblages in Periyar Lake – valley system of Southern Western Ghats. Kerala Forest Research Institute Peechi.; 2. Arun, L.K. 2001. Fish assemblage structure in Periyar Lake stream system. KFRI report.; 3. Bahir, M.M. and Yeo, D.C.J. 2007. The Gecarcinucid freshwater crabs of southern India (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura). The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 16:309-354.; 4. Nair S.C. 1994. The high ranges. Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage (INTACH), New Delhi.; 5. Radhakrishnan and Kurup, 2010. Ichthyodiversity of Periyar Tiger Reserve. Journal of Threatened Taxa.; 6. Rahmani, A.R. and Zafar-ul Islam, M. 2004. Important Bird Areas in India. Birdlife International and BNHS.; 7. River Research Centre. 2013. Report on Monitoring of Fish Diversity of Rivers in Kerala. Kerala State Biodiversity Board, Thiruvananthapuram. 98 pp.;

Acknowledgments Ali, A., Amitha Bachan, K.H., Anatha, L., Dahanukar, N., Jayachandran, K.V., Molur, S., Nameer, P.O., Raghavan, R., Subbramanian, K.A., Rehel, S.M. and Vinod, T.R.

Annex II. KBA trigger species KBA Criteria: Thr. = Criterion 1 (Threatened species); RR = Criterion 2 (Restricted Range); Biome =

Criterion 3 (Biome restricted)

Molluscs Trigger species KBA Criteria Trigger species KBA Criteria

Iravadia funerea (RR) Paludomus sulcatus (RR)

Paludomus annandalei (RR) Paracrostoma tigrinus (RR)

Odonata Trigger species KBA Criteria Trigger species KBA Criteria

Acrogomphus fraseri (RR) Lestes dorothea (RR)

Burmagomphus cauvericus (RR) Macrogomphus wynaadicus (RR)

Burmagomphus laidlawi (RR) Macromia bellicosa (RR)

Caconeura gomphoides (RR) Macromia cingulata (RR)

Chlorogomphus campioni (RR) Macromia ellisoni (RR)

Chlorogomphus xanthoptera (Thr., RR) Macromia flavocolorata (RR)

Disparoneura apicalis (Thr., RR) Macromia ida (RR)

Elattoneura souteri (RR) Macromia indica (RR)

Elattoneura tetrica (RR) Macromia irata (RR)

Epithemis mariae (RR) Macromidia donaldi (RR)

Esme cyaneovittata (RR) Megalogomphus hannyngtoni (RR)

Esme longistyla (RR) Megalogomphus superbus (RR)

Esme mudiensis (RR) Melanoneura bilineata (RR)

Euphaea cardinalis (RR) Merogomphus longistigma (RR)

Euphaea dispar (RR) Microgomphus souteri (RR)

Gomphidia fletcheri (RR) Onychogomphus acinaces (RR)

Heliogomphus kalarensis (RR) Onychogomphus malabarensis (RR)

Idionyx corona (RR) Onychogomphus nilgiriensis (RR)

Idionyx galeata (Thr., RR) Onychogomphus striatus (RR)

Idionyx minima (RR) Phylloneura westermanni (RR)

Idionyx nadganiensis (RR) Platysticta deccanensis (Thr., RR)

Idionyx nilgiriensis (RR) Protosticta antelopoides (RR)

Idionyx periyashola (RR) Protosticta davenporti (RR)

Idionyx rhinoceroides (RR) Protosticta hearseyi (RR)

Idionyx saffronata (RR) Protosticta rufostigma (RR)

Idionyx travancorensis (RR) Protosticta sanguinostigma (Thr., RR)

Indolestes pulcherrimus (RR)

Shrimps Trigger species KBA Criteria Trigger species KBA Criteria

Caridina gurneyi (RR) Macrobrachium canarae (RR, Biome)

Caridina carli (RR) Macrobrachium elatum (RR)

Caridina chauhani (RR) Macrobrachium gurudeve (Thr., RR)

Caridina jalihali (RR, Biome) Macrobrachium indicum (RR)

Caridina mathiassi (RR) Macrobrachium jayasreei (RR, Biome)

Caridina natarajani (RR) Macrobrachium kunjuramani (RR, Biome)

Caridina shenoyi (RR) Macrobrachium madhusoodani (RR, Biome)

Caridina vithuraensis (RR, Biome) Macrobrachium prabhakarani (RR, Biome)

Leptocarpus fluminicola (RR) Macrobrachium striatum (RR)

Leptocarpus kempi (RR) Macrobrachium veliense (RR)

CRABS

Trigger species KBA Criteria Trigger species KBA Criteria

Baratha peena (RR, Biome) Travancoriana pollicaris (RR)

Baratha pushta (RR) Vanni ashini (RR)

Cylindrothelphusa steniops (RR) Vanni deepta (RR, Biome)

Gubernatoriana escheri (RR) Vanni giri (RR)

Oziothelphusa biloba (Thr., RR) Vanni malabarica (RR)

Oziothelphusa kerala (RR) Vanni nilgiriensis (RR)

Oziothelphusa wagrakarowensis (Thr., RR) Vanni pusilla (RR)

Pilarta anuka (RR) Vanni travancorica (RR)

Snaha aruna (RR) Vela carli (RR)

Snaha escheri (RR) Vela pulvinata (RR)

Travancoriana charu (RR) Vela virupa (RR, Biome)

Travancoriana kuleera (RR)

Plants Trigger species KBA Criteria Trigger species KBA Criteria

Anaphalis beddomei (Thr.) Lipocarpha raynaleana (RR)

Anaphalis leptophylla (Thr.) Murdannia esculenta (RR)

Anaphalis wightiana (Thr.) Murdannia lanceolata (Thr., RR)

Aponogeton undulatus (RR) Myristica magnifica (Thr.)

Brachiaria eruciformis (RR) Myristica malabarica (Thr.)

Chara hydropitys (RR) Nitella mucronata (RR)

Chara setosa (RR) Nitella oligospira (RR)

Cyathea crinita (Thr.) Nitella pseudoflabellata (RR)

Dimeria hohenackeri (Thr.) Nitella tenuissima (RR)

Eriocaulon dalzellii (Thr.) Nitella terrestris (RR)

Eriocaulon sivarajanii (Thr., RR) Notonia shevaroyensis (Thr.)

Farmeria indica (Thr.) Nymphoides krishnakesara (Thr.)

Farmeria metzgerioides (Thr.) Nymphoides macrospermum (Thr., RR)

Fimbristylis crystallina (Thr.) Nymphoides sivarajanii (Thr., RR)

Fimbristylis dauciformis (Thr.) Oreogrammitis austroindica (RR)

Fimbristylis hirsutifolia (Thr.) Podostemum munnarense (Thr., RR)

Fuirena swamyi (Thr., RR) Polypleurum filifolium (Thr.)

Hydrocotyle conferta (Thr.) Rotala cookii (Thr., RR)

Indotristicha tirunelveliana (RR) Rotala malabarica (Thr., RR)

Ischaemum jayachandranii (Thr., RR) Rotala ritchiei (Thr., RR)

Ischaemum vembanadense (Thr., RR) Scleria mikawana (RR)

Limnopoa meeboldii (Thr.) Utricularia cecilii (Thr., RR)

Lindernia manilaliana (Thr., RR) Utricularia wightiana (Thr.)

Lindernia minima (Thr., RR) Willisia selaginoides (Thr., RR)

Fishes Trigger species KBA Criteria Trigger species KBA Criteria

Balitora mysorensis (Thr.) Mesonoemacheilus herrei (Thr., RR)

Barbodes bovanicus (Thr.) Mesonoemacheilus pambarensis (Thr., RR)

Barbodes wynaadensis (Thr., RR) Mesonoemacheilus remadevii (RR)

Batasio travancoria (Thr., RR) Monopterus digressus (RR)

Carinotetraodon travancoricus (Thr.) Monopterus eapeni (RR)

Channa diplogramma (Thr.) Monopterus fossorius (Thr., RR)

Crossocheilus periyarensis (Thr., RR) Monopterus roseni (RR)

Devario neilgherriensis (Thr., RR) Nemacheilus keralensis (Thr., RR)

Etroplus canarensis (Thr., RR) Nemacheilus kodaguensis (Thr., RR)

Garra hughi (Thr., RR) Nemacheilus menoni (Thr., RR)

Garra kalakadensis (Thr., RR) Nemacheilus monilis (RR)

Garra menoni (Thr., RR) Nemacheilus nilgiriensis (RR)

Garra periyarensis (Thr., RR) Nemacheilus periyarensis (Thr., RR)

Garra surendranathanii (Thr., RR) Nemacheilus petrubanarescui (Thr., RR)

Glyptothorax anamalaiensis (Thr., RR) Nemacheilus pulchellus (Thr.)

Glyptothorax davissinghi (Thr., RR) Osteochilichthys brevidorsalis (RR)

Glyptothorax housei (Thr., RR) Osteochilus longidorsalis (Thr.)

Glyptothorax madraspatanus (Thr.) Pangio goaensis (RR)

Glyptothorax malabarensis (RR) Pseudeutropius mitchelli (Thr., RR)

Hemibagrus punctatus (Thr., RR) Pseudolaguvia austrina (RR)

Homaloptera menoni (RR) Pseudosphromenus dayi (Thr., RR)

Homaloptera montana (Thr., RR) Pterocryptis wynaadensis (Thr.)

Homaloptera pillaii (RR) Puntius arenatus (Thr., RR)

Homaloptera santhamparaiensis (Thr., RR) Puntius arulius (Thr.)

Horabagrus brachysoma (Thr.) Puntius assimilis (Thr.)

Horabagrus nigricollaris (Thr., RR) Puntius cauveriensis (Thr.)

Horaglanis alikunhii (RR) Puntius chalakkudiensis (Thr., RR)

Horaglanis krishnai (RR) Puntius denisonii (Thr., RR)

Horalabiosa arunachalami (Thr., RR) Puntius exclamatio (Thr.)

Horalabiosa joshuai (Thr., RR) Puntius kannikattiensis (RR)

Horalabiosa palaniensis (Thr., RR) Puntius mahecola (RR)

Hyporhamphus xanthopterus (Thr., RR) Puntius mudumalaiensis (Thr., RR)

Hypselobarbus curmuca (Thr.) Puntius muvattupuzhaensis (RR)

Hypselobarbus dubius (Thr.) Puntius ophicephalus (Thr., RR)

Hypselobarbus kurali (RR) Puntius pookodensis (Thr., RR)

Hypselobarbus lithopidos (RR) Puntius rohani (Thr., RR)

Hypselobarbus micropogon (Thr., RR) Puntius sharmai (Thr., RR)

Hypselobarbus periyarensis (Thr., RR) Puntius tambraparniei (Thr., RR)

Hypselobarbus thomassi (Thr.) Salmophasia belachi (Thr., RR)

Labeo dussumieri (RR) Salmophasia horai (Thr., RR)

Labeo potail (Thr.) Tor khudree (Thr.)

Laubuca fasciata (Thr., RR) Tor malabaricus (Thr.)

Lepidopygopsis typus (Thr., RR) Travancoria elongata (Thr., RR)

Longischistura striatus (Thr.) Travancoria jonesi (Thr., RR)

Annex III. KBA potential site

champions and stakeholders

Arkavati River

Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment

Bangalore Irrigation Department

Bangalore Water and State Sewage Board

Zoological Survey of India, Southern Regional Station

Ashambu Hills

Center for Environment and Development Department of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, University of

Kerala


River Research Centre

Travancore Natural History Society

Vamanapuram Samrakshana Samithi

Zoological Survey of India, Western Ghats Regional Centre

Bhavani River

Arulagam

Department of Wildlife, Government Arts College, Ooty

EIA Resource and Response Centre

Keystone Foundation

Mr. Godwin Vasant Bosco

Nilgiri Natural History Society

Nilgiri Wildlife and Environment Association


Wildlife Trust of India

WWF India


Chalakkudi River

Chalakudi River Protection Forum

Chalakudipuzha Samrakshana Samithi


Nature Conservation Foundation


Western Ghats Hornbill Foundation


Chaliyar River

Chaliyar Samrakshan Samithi


Indian AZE

Indian Bird Conservation Network


Kerala Forest Research Institute

Keystone Foundation

RASTA



Chandragiri and Payaswini Rivers

Coorg Wildlife Society

Karnataka Forest Department

Malabar Natural History Society


Society for Environmental Education in Kerala


Chennai wetland complex

Care Earth Trust

Chennai Snake Park

Environmentalist Foundation of India

Irrigation Department of Tamil Nadu

Madras Crocodile Bank Trust

Madras Naturalists Society

MS Swaminathan Research Foundation

Pitchandikulam Forest Consultants

Public Works Department of Tamil Nadu

State Pollution Control Board

Tamil Nadu State Biodiversity Board

Water Resources Department of Tamil Nadu

Youth for Conservation


Ithikkara River

Department of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, University of Kerala

Fatima Matha National College, Kollam

Kerala State Biodiversity Board

M G College, Thiruvananthapuram


SN College, Kollam


Kabini River

Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science



Ferns

Foundation for Revitalisation of Local Health Traditions

Gurukula Botanical Sanctuary

Indian AZE

Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research

Jungle Lodges & Resorts (Tamil Nadu Forest Department)


Karnataka State Biodiveristy Board


Kerala State Biodiversity Board




Wayanad Prakrithi Samrakshan Samithi




Kadalundi wetland

Calicut University, Botany Department

Center for Environment and Development

Devagiri College, Calicut

Guruvayoorapan College, Calicut

Kerala Natural History Society



Kaladi

Alwaye River Protection Forum

Periyar Malinikarana Virudha Samithi (Peryar Protection Forum)


Kalladayar


Centre for Wildlife Studies, Kerala Agricultural University FERAL Foundation for Ecological Research Advocacy and

Learning





Kallai coastal marshes

Calicut University, Botany Department


Devagiri College, Calicut

Guruvayoorapan College, Calicut

Kerala Natural History Society



Kavvayi Wetlands



Devcharan Jathanna

Habour Engineering Department, Government of Kerala




Kodaiyar and Pazhayar rivers

Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment Department of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, University of

Kerala

Dileep Daniels


Robert Grubh SPKCES Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Environmental Science,

MS University, Alwarkurichi



Kole Wetlands

CWS, Kerala Agricultural University

Kerala Agriculture Department

Kerala Fisheries Department


Kole Karshaga Sangham

Kole Land Development Corporation


Kunthi River

Bharathapuzha Samrakshana Samithi



Wildlife Research and Conservation Trust


Kuttiyadi River



Madayi laterite plateau

Indian Naval Academy




Moyar River

Accord

Arulagam

Care Earth Trust

Department of Wildlife, Government Arts College, Ooty

Forestry College of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University

Jungle Scapes

Karunya University

Keystone Foundation



Tamil Nadu State Electricity Board

The Shola Trust


WWF India


Nila River

Bharathapuzha Samrakshana Samithi


French Institure of Pondicherry

Indian AZE


Maithri






WWF India



Noyil River

Arulagam


Care Trust

EIA Resource and Response Centre

Environmentalist Foundation of India

Karunya University

Noyil River Conservation Committtee

Osai (NGO)

Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History

Siruthuli (NGO)

Tamil Nadu Agricultural University


Tamil Nadu State Biodiversity Board



Pamba River


Conservation Research Group (CRG) Kerala Agricultural University Dept of Wildlife College of

Forestry


Manimalayar Samrakshana Samithi

Meera Anna Oommen

Pamba Parirakshana Samithi

Periyar Foundation


Pambar River

ACT India Foundation

Anglad Institute of Natural History

Kestrel Adventures

Kodai International School

Palni Hills Conservation Council Periyakulam Forestry College, Tamil Nadu Agricultural

University


Toxic Link

Vattakanal Conservation Trust

Wildlife Information Liaison and Development Society



Periyar



Indian AZE


Periyar Foundation




Pooyamkutty




Pooyamkutty Samrakshana Samithi




Santhampara


Highrange Wildlife and Environment Preservation Association

Indian AZE

Kannan Devan Hill Produce Company




Thamirabarani River


Conservation Research Group (CRG) FERAL Foundation for Ecological Research Advocacy and

Learning

Indian AZE SPKCES Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Environmental Science,

MS University, Alwarkurichi




Upper Cauvery River



Forestry College, Ponnampet

Jungle Lodges & Resorts (Tamil Nadu Forest Department)


Karnataka State Biodiveristy Board

National Centre for Biological Sciences

Nityata Foundation

Wildife Conservation Society

Wildlife Association of South India



Upper Vaigai River

Periyakulam Horticulture College, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University

Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History


Wildlife Association of Rajapalayam

Wildlife Information Liaison and Development Society

Woodbriar Group


Upper Vaippur River

Anja College

Ayyanadar Janakiammal College

Covenant Centre for Development FERAL Foundation for Ecological Research Advocacy and

Learning


Periyar Foundation


Wildlife Association of Rajapalayam


Valapattanam River


Center for Water Resources Development and Management







Vamanapuram River

Center for Environment and Development Department of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, University of

Kerala

Environmental Resources Research Center




Vamanapuram Samrakshana Samithi


Vembanad Lake and catchment



Kerala Agricultural University

Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies

Kottayam Nature Society

Meenachal Samrakshana Samithi


Muvattupuzha Samrakshana Samithi

Vembanad Nature Club


Annex IV. Non KBA specific stakeholders a) Stakeholders (non KBA specific)

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Biodiversity and Rural Livelihoods Improvement Project

X X X Central Govt (MoEF) implemented project (World Bank funded). Models for PA management and community engagement in buffer zones - national project with some sites

Biodiversity Monitoring Committees X X X Set up and administered by National Biodiversity Authority, liaising with local Panchayats to monitor local biodiversity and maintaining people's biodiversity registers.

Botanical Survey of India X X Research into Botanical surveys across India (no conservation mandate, just work on inventories)

Centre for Environmental Education X X X Autonomous - Biodiversity conservation into school curriculum

Coffee Board X X X X Work with coffee plantations, and own some smaller plantations themselves

Conservation India X Social networking site

Enviro Legal Defence Firm X X Not-for-profit organisation providing legal support to local activists challenging EIAs

Environmental consultancies X X Conduct EIAs (need licenses from QCI)

Federation of Industries X X X Industrial lobby, influence policy and private sector (e.g. Federation of Indian Mineral Industries)

Freshwater Fish Specialist Group X X X

Geological Survey of India X X Research into geological/hydrology surveys across India (no conservation mandate, just work on inventories)

India Bird Conservation Network X X Network of people and organisations that monitor IBAs

Indian Council for Agriculture Research X X X Through government institutions carry out research on fisheries

Indian Organic Certification (Indocert) X X X X Provide audits and certification for many agricultural products (mainly tea/coffee etc.) for export markets

Indian Water Portal X X

Institute for Market Ecology X X X Certification of agriculture and ecological products

International Crane Foundation X Wetland related research, genetic plains

IUCN India X X X

Kalpa Vriksh X X X Advocacy - 1st set up National Biodiversity Strategy

Keystone - Nilgiri Water Portal X X

LIFE/ERC X X X Reviewing EIA and forestry processes, training of NGOs on environmental clearance processes

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Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries, Central Govt.

X X Set policies for State Fisheries Boards to follow - fish, molluscs, crustaceans

Ministry of Earth Sciences X X X X Set up to develop policies and fund research related to weather and climate change, hydrology etc.

Ministry of Environment and Forests X X X X State Ministry set up to control forest and wildlife services of state governments, and other programmes (e.g. NPCAE) and implement Acts (e.g. Wildlife Protection Act, Biodiversity Act etc.)

Ministry of Health X X X X Develop policy and implement actions of aquatic borne diseases

Ministry of Mining X X Set policy for mining investment

Ministry of Power X X X Hydroelectric projects

Ministry of Renewable Energy X X Including mini hydro powered projects

Ministry of Road Transport and Highways X X Roads built directly through wetlands, not around, with massive potential impacts

Ministry of Tourism X X Set up to develop policy related to tourism development

Ministry of Water Resources X X X Manage water disputes between States, and develop policy

Ministry of Commerce (MPEDA - Marine Products Export Development Authority)

X X Mandate to promote export of aquatic biodiversity. Work with ornamental fish trade of native species through wild collections only.

National Biodiversity Authority (Part of MoEF)

X X X Work toward achieving equitable sharing of forest produce, and conservation of species. The Biological Diversity Act 2002 set them up, and they work through the State Biodiversity Boards. Related to human resource use.

National Environmental Appraisal Committee (part of MoEF)

X X Regulatory role - Review EIAs

National Green Corps X X Outreach body set up by MoEF that reaches schools on environmental issues

National Green Tribunal X X X Court to hear environmental challenges on procedural grounds - provide a legal redress

National Programme for Conservation of Aquatic Ecosystems (NPCAE)

X X Part of MoEF, in formation. Two programmes - National Wetlands Conservation Programme & National Lake Conservation Plan.

National River Conservation Directorate (part of MoEF)

X X X Develop policy related to water pollution and users - currently focused on Ganges

National Tiger Conservation Authority X X X Actions and activities within Tiger Reserves

National Wildlife Board X X Develop policy on wildlife, conservation focus, not resource use.

Quality Council of India (QCI) X X Issues EIA licenses

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Save the Western Ghats Movement X X Network of Western Ghats conservation biologists

Spice Board X X X X Work with spice plantations, and own some smaller plantations themselves

State Biodiversity Boards (Kerala, Tamil Nadu & Karnataka)

X X X Implementation of policies from The Biological Diversity Act 2002

State Fisheries Boards (Kerala, Tamil Nadu & Karnataka)

X X Stock non-natives aquatic biodiversity (no native species stocked by them)

State Forest Departments X X Manage protected and non-protected areas. Develop and implement management and working plans for forests

State Pollution Control Boards (Kerala, Tamil Nadu & Karnataka)

X X Licence pollution release, and monitor pollution.. Have a role in the environmental clearance process for developments. Mandated to restoration of water (based on Water Act).

State Public Works Departments (Kerala, Tamil Nadu & Karnataka)

X X X Building and maintenance of public infrastructure

State Wildlife Boards X X Translate policy into action - Act on National Wildlife Board at State level, including working at community level

Sustainable Agriculture Network India X X Certification - facilitate plantation companies to get certification and audits, and set local indicators

Tamil Nadu Biodiversity Conservation and Greening Project

X X Capacity building (of Forest Department) and tree planting outside forest areas (Japan International Co-operation Agency Funded)

Tamil Nadu Irrigated Agricultural Modernisation and Water Bodies Restoration and Management Project (TN-IAMWARM)

X X X State Govt. implemented project (World Bank Funded). Working with farmers to improve productivity and irrigation etc.

UPASI (United Planters Association of Southern India)

X X Lobby Org. Actions associated with plantation management

UTZ - Coffee, cocoa and tea certification X X X X Provide audits and certification for many agricultural products (mainly tea/coffee etc.) for national markets

Water and Drainage Board X X X Monitor water quality and build infrastructure (incl. dams) related to water

Wetlands International X X X

Wildlife Institute of India X X X Build capacity in Forest Departments about environment including structured education

WWF India X X X

Zoological Survey of India X X Research into Zoology surveys across India (no conservation mandate, just work on inventories)

Annex V. a) Conservation projects; b) Development projects relevant for KBA data a) Conservation projects Project outline Stakeholder with contacts

to project? Specific KBA linked?

Notes

Biodiversity and Rural Livelihoods Improvement Project

Central Govt. (MoEF) implemented project (World Bank funded). Models for PA management and community engagement in buffer zones – a national project with some sites

Tamil Nadu Biodiversity Conservation and Greening Project

Capacity building (of Forest Daprtment) and tree planting outside forest areas (Japan International Co-orperation Agency Funded)

Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF) projects

CEPF are a multi partnership fund committed to enabling nongovernmental and private sector organizations to help protect vital ecosystems. Fund a number of projects in India (Western Ghats Hotspot).

ATREE - All CEPF projects will be made aware of these KBAs through the portal

Linking Scales Working with TN government to mainstream biodiversity across all sectors, and facilitate biodiversity action plans.

Care Earth Thamirabarani River (and also wider Tamil Nadu)

Ecosystem Alliance projects Projects run in Eastern and Western Ghats, and Central India, focused on impacts of development (especially mining) on biodiversity. Funded by IUCN

Keystone Foundation, Wetlands International and IUCN Netherlands

Indian Alliance for Zero Extinction The Alliance’s approach is to identify and conserve the places where extinctions are most likely to occur.

Members of Indian Alliance for Zero Extinction

River Research Centre Projects Runs projects to restore rivers, and influence policy. River Research Centre

Molecular phylogeny of freshwater fishes of Western Ghats and its implication for conservation

Neelesh Dahanukar (Indian Institute of Science Education and Research)

Freshwater Biodiversity Disease Project Zoo Outreach Organisation

b) Development project Project outline Stakeholder with contacts to project? Specific KBA linked?

Athirapali Hydropower Project Dam development Chalakkudi River

Tamil Nadu Irrigated Agricultural Modernisation and Water Bodies Restoration and Management Project (TN-IAMWARM)

State Govt. implemented project (World Bank Funded). Working with farmers to improve productivity and irrigation etc.

Micro hydro power projects Micro hydro power projects - over 200 in Karnatika alone EIA Resource and Response Centre

Other dam projects River Research Centre

Mullai-Periyar water transfer Cross basin water transfer EIA Resource and Response Centre / River Research Centre

Periyar to Upper Vaigai

Achankovil to Upper Vaippur EIA Resource and Response Centre / River Research Centre

Pamba to Upper Vaippur

Sillahilla Hydro Project Dam proposed in Nilgiris EIA Resource and Response Centre / River Research Centre

Bhavani

Hill Area Development Programme (HADP) Cross sector government funded programme for Nilgiri district Keystone Foundation Moyar, Bhavani

Neutrino Observatory Underground observatory Convention Centres for Development (CCD)

Upper Vaigai River

Sterling Biotech Ltd Manufacturing gelatine from cattle bone EIA Resource and Response Centre Moyar

Cordite factory near Aruvankadu Ammunitions factory Keystone Foundation Bhavani

Nitin Gelatine Ltd Production of ossein EIA Resource and Response Centre / River Research Centre

Chalakkudi River

Using freshwater KBAs for informing conservation and development ...

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