• Use the terms homologous series and functional group.

• Understand the terms hydrocarbon, saturated, unsaturated.

• State that alkanes and cycloalkanes are saturated hydrocarbons.

• Explain the tetrahedral shape around each carbon atom present in an alkane.

• State the names of the first ten members of the alkane homologous series.

Week 13

© Pearson Education Ltd 2008This document may have been altered from the original

Carbon is bonded to four hydrogen atoms in methane

Week 13

© Pearson Education Ltd 2008This document may have been altered from the original

Week 13

© Pearson Education Ltd 2008This document may have been altered from the original

The double bond between the two carbon atoms in ethene counts as two bonds

Week 13

© Pearson Education Ltd 2008This document may have been altered from the original

The –OH group is the functional group, responsible for the reactivity of the molecule

Week 13

© Pearson Education Ltd 2008This document may have been altered from the original

Molecular models of methane, ethane, propane and butane

Week 13

© Pearson Education Ltd 2008This document may have been altered from the original

Aliphatic and alicyclic alkanes

• Understand and be able to use the IUPAC rules of nomenclature for naming hydrocarbons.

Week 13

© Pearson Education Ltd 2008This document may have been altered from the original

Butane

Week 13

© Pearson Education Ltd 2008This document may have been altered from the original

Week 13

© Pearson Education Ltd 2008This document may have been altered from the original

2-Methylpentane

Week 13

© Pearson Education Ltd 2008This document may have been altered from the original

4-Ethyl-3-methylheptane

Week 13

© Pearson Education Ltd 2008This document may have been altered from the original

2,2-dimethylbutane

Week 13

© Pearson Education Ltd 2008This document may have been altered from the original

But-1-ene

• Understand and use the IUPAC rules of nomenclature for naming compounds with functional groups.

Week 13

© Pearson Education Ltd 2008This document may have been altered from the original

1- Chloropropane

Week 13

© Pearson Education Ltd 2008This document may have been altered from the original

Week 13

© Pearson Education Ltd 2008This document may have been altered from the original

Pentan-3-ol

Week 13

© Pearson Education Ltd 2008This document may have been altered from the original

Butanal

Week 13

© Pearson Education Ltd 2008This document may have been altered from the original

2-Bromo-1-chlorobutane

Week 13

© Pearson Education Ltd 2008This document may have been altered from the original

2-Methylpropan-1-ol

Week 13

© Pearson Education Ltd 2008This document may have been altered from the original

1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane

• Understand and use the following terms: empirical formula; molecular formula; general formula; displayed formula.

Week 13

© Pearson Education Ltd 2008This document may have been altered from the original

Butane

Week 13

© Pearson Education Ltd 2008This document may have been altered from the original

Week 13

© Pearson Education Ltd 2008This document may have been altered from the original

Propan-2-ol

• Understand and use the term structural formula.

• Understand and use the term skeletal formula.

Week 13

© Pearson Education Ltd 2008This document may have been altered from the original

Displayed and structural formulae for (a) propane and (b) 1-bromopropane

Week 13

© Pearson Education Ltd 2008This document may have been altered from the original

Week 13

© Pearson Education Ltd 2008This document may have been altered from the original

Displayed and structural formulae for decanoic acid

Week 13

© Pearson Education Ltd 2008This document may have been altered from the original

Displayed and skeletal formulae of hexane

Week 13

© Pearson Education Ltd 2008This document may have been altered from the original

Displayed, structural and skeletal formulae for (a) pentane and (b) 3-methylpentane

Week 13

© Pearson Education Ltd 2008This document may have been altered from the original

Displayed and skeletal formulae for (a) cyclopentane and (b) cyclohexane

Week 13

© Pearson Education Ltd 2008This document may have been altered from the original

Aromatic hydrocarbons

• Draw skeletal formulae for simple molecules containing functional groups.

• Draw and interpret the skeletal formula for complex molecules.

Week 13

© Pearson Education Ltd 2008This document may have been altered from the original

Skeletal formula for pent-2-ene

Week 13

© Pearson Education Ltd 2008This document may have been altered from the original

Week 13

© Pearson Education Ltd 2008This document may have been altered from the original

Skeletal formula for butan-2-ol

Week 13

© Pearson Education Ltd 2008This document may have been altered from the original

Skeletal formula for pentanoic acid

Week 13

© Pearson Education Ltd 2008This document may have been altered from the original

Paracetamol

Week 13

© Pearson Education Ltd 2008This document may have been altered from the original

Retinol, vitamin A

Week 13

© Pearson Education Ltd 2008This document may have been altered from the original

Salbutamol

Week 13

© Pearson Education Ltd 2008This document may have been altered from the original

Week 13

© Pearson Education Ltd 2008This document may have been altered from the original

• Describe structural isomers, stereoisomers and E/Z isomerism, including cis–trans isomerism.

• Determine possible structural formulae and/or stereoisomers from a molecular formula.

Week 13

© Pearson Education Ltd 2008This document may have been altered from the original

Structural isomers of C4H10

Week 13

© Pearson Education Ltd 2008This document may have been altered from the original

Week 13

© Pearson Education Ltd 2008This document may have been altered from the original

Structural isomers of C3H8O

Week 13

© Pearson Education Ltd 2008This document may have been altered from the original

Structural isomers of C3H6O

Week 13

© Pearson Education Ltd 2008This document may have been altered from the original

E and Z isomers of CICH=CHCI

Week 13

© Pearson Education Ltd 2008This document may have been altered from the original

E and Z isomers of but-2-ene

Week 13

© Pearson Education Ltd 2008This document may have been altered from the original

E and Z isomers

• Describe the different types of covalent bond fission – homolytic and heterolytic.

• Define the terms: nucleophile; electrophile; radical; addition; and substitution.

Week 13

© Pearson Education Ltd 2008This document may have been altered from the original

Addition reaction

Week 13

© Pearson Education Ltd 2008This document may have been altered from the original

Week 13

© Pearson Education Ltd 2008This document may have been altered from the original

Substitution reaction

Week 13

© Pearson Education Ltd 2008This document may have been altered from the original

Elimination reaction