use of whey in controlling calf diarrhoea

8/7/2019 use of whey in controlling calf diarrhoea

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EFFICACY OF WHEYEFFICACY OF WHEY FOR PREVENTIONFOR PREVENTION

OF DIARRHOEA IN CALFOF DIARRHOEA IN CALFAmirAmir SadaulaSadaula(01)(01)BishwoBishwo BandhuBandhu PokharelPokharel(04)(04)

GaneshGanesh K.C.(05)K.C.(05)

GitaGita PandeyPandey(06)(06)

KrishnaKrishna DattDatt Bhatt(07)Bhatt(07)

MitramaniMitramani AcharyaAcharya(14)(14)

SalunaSaluna PokhrelPokhrel(22)(22)

SurajSuraj SubediSubedi(29)(29)

UtsavUtsav PrakashPrakash TiwariTiwari(30)(30)

KshitizKshitiz ShresthaShrestha(32)(32)1


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What is Whey?What is Whey?

Whey is the major by-product obtained duringthe preparation of dairy products such as

cheese, Chenna, Paneer, and Shrikhand

Whey is a slightly acidic, yellow-green liquid Has high organic matter content

Whey obtained during Paneer and Cheese

production is divided into: paneer whey (acid) and rennet whey

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Rennet whey is obtained afterseparation of casein, affected

predominantly by rennet

enzyme

Acid whey is obtained by

separation of casein, affectedpredominantly by acid

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Nutritional AspectNutritional Aspect

y The nutrient composition of whey is based onthe nutrient composition of milk from which it is

derived

y The dry matter content of whey is very low (6.0to 7.5%).

y Lactose, the major component of whey, is

probably the least valuable component and mostdifficult to utilise. Lactose comprises about 70%

of the total solids of whey (Jelen, 1992)

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y Whey protein is the name for a mixture of

proteins 12 to 13%

y Biological value (BV), of 100, which is higher than

the value for casein, soya protein, beef, or wheat

gluten and have a high content of sulfur-

containing amino acids such as cystein,tryptophan and methionine.

y Also contains lactic acid in variable quantity (0.5

to 10%), citric acid (about 1%) and somenonprotein nitrogen (0.5 to 0.8%)

y Mineral salts (7 to 11%)

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yWhey proteins consist of-

lactoalbumin,-lactoglobulin,immunoglobulins, serum albumin,

lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase, and

other minor proteins and peptides.y-lactoglobulin, serum albumin and

lactoferrin are rich sources of

cysteine and glutamylcysteine, thusproviding the precursors for the

synthesis of glutathione.

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CalfCalf DiarrhoeaDiarrhoea / Scours/ Scours

y Calf scours are a complex disease problemsince they can be caused by several types of

bacteria, viruses, and protozoan parasites

y Most scours outbreaks are caused by morethan 1 pathogenic agent, oftentimes a

combination of viruses, bacteria, and/or

parasitic agents

y Poor nutrition and management make calves

more susceptible to infectious agents that

cause scours

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Common causes are:Common causes are:y Escherichia coli: This is the most common

bacterial organism associated with calf scours.Since the K99 strain can adhere to the intestinal

mucosal surface causes a hypersecretory

diarrhea only diarrhea that occurs within first3 days of life, often in first day

y Salmonella sp.: There are several types of

Salmonella and many types can cause scours.

Salmonella typhimurium is the most common

Salmonella bacteria associated with scours

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y Coronavirus: Adult cows shed the virus in

feces and contaminate calving areas.y Rotavirus: There is more than one serotype of

Rotavirus this virus is hardy and survive for

months in moist, cool conditions

y Virus kills cells of intestinal villi, leading to

malabsorbtion diarrhea

y Cryptosporidia

y Coccidial (Eimeria sp.)

y Clostridium perfringens type B,C

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Applications of whey in calf forApplications of whey in calf for

diarrhoeadiarrhoea treatmenttreatment

y Remsey and Demigne in 1985 studied the

use of supplemented whey with

electrolytes and glucose for treatment of

diarrhoea in calves. They found that oral

rehydration solution based on whey was

effective in controlling diarrhoea in calves.

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y Navetal et al. (1987) reported the use ofsupplemented whey for treating chalky

diarrhoea of calves. They supplemented whey

with sodium propionate, sodium chloride,

potassium chloride, magnesium chloride,

calcium chloride, and coconut oil. The whey

treatment was effective in combating the

diarrhoea and in improving the nutrition of thecalf.

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How whey prevent CalfHow whey prevent Calf DiarrhoeaDiarrhoea

1. Competitive reduction of the pathogenic

bacteria by the favorable micro-

organisms

2. Lactoferrin, Lactoperoxidase etc. present

in milk has inhibitory effect in the

pathogenic organisms growth.

3. Provide essential ions which are lost bydiarrhoea

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How Whey prevent against Calf diarrhea?How Whey prevent against Calf diarrhea?

y

The major sugar, lactose, is a suitable substrate foracidophilic flora (e.g. lactobacilli) in the intestine

that may inhibit the growth of putrefying

microorganisms and promote a healthy intestinal

flora (Lifran et al., 2000). Lactose and its derivativeshave the ability to increase retention of Ca, Mg, P,

and Zn ions

y Sialic acid is another whey derived carbohydratecomponent with prebiotic activity (Naidu et al.,

1999)

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y Whey consist of Organic acid like acetic acid

lactic acid and citric acid which having

antimicrobial property against E coli (Sinha, 1986)

y The general hypothesis is that these acid may be

useful in the colon to promote water and

electrolyte absorption, just as glucose does in thesmall intestine (Desjeux, 2000) a situation

required for diarrhea treatment

y

The low pH of these products helps in thesecretion of bile juices, absorption of nutrients

and may reduce the concentration of pathogenic

micro flora in gut.21


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y Whey contains several unique components with broad

antibacterial properties including immunoglobulin (Igs),

lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase (Lp) etc.

y Lactoferrin has exhibited immune-modulating and

antimicrobial activity through both bacteriostatic and

bactericidal property

y Bacteriostatic properties is by depriving the pathogenic

gastro-intestinal flora from iron, results in decreased

growth of these specific bacteria. This has been

documented for species asEsc

heriacoli, Salmonellatyphimurium, Shigella dysenteriae, Listeria Monocytogenes

and Streptococcus mutans (Pakkanen, 1997).

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yDirect bactericidal effect unrelated to iron

binding. This is mediated by binding to thesurfaces of susceptible organisms (Arnold et

al, 1982). The interaction between

lactoferrin and gram-negative bacteriareleases lipopolysaccharides. This reduces

outer membrane permeability and increases

bacterial susceptibility to other

antimicrobial factors.

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y Lactoperoxidase catalyzes the oxidation of

number of inorganic and organic substrate

y Formation of Oxidized intermediates inside

Bacteria

Potent bactericidal effect

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y Whey has some distinct advantages in the

treatment of diarrhea due to the presence of

amino acids and vitamins as well.

y It has the potential to be processed into an

electrolyte beverage for the replacement of the

lost minerals in case of diarrhea(Olson, 2003)

y Minerals like Ca, P, K, Na and Mg are all present

as constituent of whey which are essential in GI

disorder.y Zinc present in whey is essential for normal

restoration of intestinal villa.

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welcomed.27

use of whey in controlling calf diarrhoea

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