Use of solar and wind power for intelligent buildings

8/17/2019 Use of solar and wind power for intelligent buildings

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SOLAR POWER TO MAKE BUILDINGS INTELLIGENT

BY:JYOTI AHLAWATSAJIDA SHAHTSERING


2/41

SOLAR ENERGY IS THE ULTIMATE SOURCE OF ENERGY FROM MILLIONS OF

YEARS AND IT IS A RENEWABLE ENERGY.

THIS ENERGY CONSISTS OF RADIANT LIGHT AND HEAT ENERGY FROM THE

SUN.

OUT OF ALL ENERGY EMITTED BY SUN ONLY A SMALL FRACTION OF ENERGY

IS ABSORBED BY THE EARTH.

JUST THIS TINY FRACTION OF THE SUN’S ENERGY THAT HITS THE EARTH IS

ENOUGH TO MEET ALL OUR POWER NEEDS.

USING PRESENT SOLAR TECHNIQUES SOME OF THE SOLAR ENERGY REACHING

THE EARTH IS UTILIZED FOR GENERATING ELECTRICITY ETC….

EVEN THEN THE ENERGY DEMAND MET BY USING SOLAR ENERGY IS VERY

LESS.

SOLAR ENERGY


3/41

Fossils

FOSSIL

BIO FUEL

HYDRO

BASED

NUCLEAR

SOLAR(0.8

%)

WINDMILL

S

PRESENT SCENARIO


4/41

•DIRECTLY USING PHOTOVOLTAIC(PV)-

PV IS AN ELECTRICAL DEVICE WHICH CONVERT

LIGHT DIRECTLY INTO ELECTRICITY BY THE

PHOTOVOLTAIC EFFECTS IS USED, CALLED SOLAR

CELL . MAINLY CONSTRUCTED WITH-

MONOCRYSTALLINE SILICON POLYCRYSTALLINE

SILICON AMORPHOUS SILICON CADMIUM TELLURIDE

•

CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER (CSP)SYSTEMS GENERATE SOLAR POWER BY USING

MIRRORS OR LENSES TO CONCENTRATE A LARGE

AREA OF SUNLIGHT, OR SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY,

ONTO A SMALL AREA. ELECTRICITY IS GENERATED

WHEN THE CONCENTRATED LIGHT IS CONVERTED TO

HEAT, WHICH DRIVES A HEAT ENGINE (USUALLY A

STEAM TURBINE CONNECTED TO AN ELECTRICAL

POWER GENERATOR.

TECHNOLOGIES USED


5/41

•ONE SOLAR PANEL IS MADE UP OF MANY SMALL

SOLAR CELLS. EACH OF THESE CELLS USES LIGHT

TO MA!E ELECTRONS MOVE.

• THE CELL IS MADE UP OF TWO DIFFERENT

LAYERS THAT ARE STUC! TOGETHER. THE FIRST

LAYER IS LOADED WITH ELECTRONS, SO THE

ELECTRONS ARE READY TO JUMP FROM THIS

LAYER TO THE SECOND LAYER.

•WHEN THE LIGHT HITS AN ELECTRON IN THE

FIRST LAYER, THE ELECTRON JUMPS TO THE

SECOND LAYER.

•THAT ELECTRON MA!ES ANOTHER ELECTRON

MOVE, WHICH MA!ES ANOTHER ELECTRON MOVE,

AND SO ON.

WORKING OF SOLAR PANEL


6/41

•A SOLAR PV POWER PLANT CONVERTS SUNLIGHT INTO ELECTRICITY. IT DOES SO

WITHOUT ANY MOVING PARTS AND WITHOUT GENERATING EITHER NOISE OR

POLLUTION.

•A SOLAR PV SYSTEM CAN BE INSTALLED AT ANY UN-SHADED LOCATION SUCH AS ON

ROOFTOPS OF BUILDINGS, CAR PAR!ING SHEDS, EMPTY LAND, OR EVEN ON TOP OF

CANALS AND ROADS. TYPICAL SYSTEM SIZES RANGE FROM "#$ WATTS TO %$$ MW.

•THERE IS VERY LITTLE DIFFERENCE IN THE TECHNICAL DESIGN BETWEEN SMALL

!W-SIZED PLANTS (TYPICALLY DE-CENTRALIZED, OFF-GRID AND LARGE, MW-SIZED

PLANTS (TYPICALLY CENTRALIZED, GRID-CONNECTED.

•

% !W OF SOLAR PV REQUIRES %$ M" OF SHADOW FREE AREA

ROOFTOP SOLAR PV SYSTEMS


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8/41

ROOFTOP SOLAR PV WITH NET METERING

•SOLAR PV SYSTEMS COULD BE SIZED TO NOT E&CEED THE LOAD DEMAND

DURING THE DAY. IF THEY ARE LARGER, AND SOLAR POWER IS BEING GENERATED

THAT E&CEEDS CONSUMPTION AT THAT POINT IN TIME, WASTAGE CAN BE AVOIDEDBY STORING THE E&CESS POWER. ALTERNATIVELY, E&CESS POWER COULD BE

INJECTED INTO THE GRID. IN THIS CASE, METERING WOULD BE REQUIRED TO

MEASURE ENERGY TRANSACTIONS BETWEEN THE PV SYSTEM AND THE GRID


9/41

•STORAGE IN SOLAR PV SYSTEMS IS REQUIRED TO PROVIDE STABLE BAC!UP POWER

WHEN THE SOLAR ENERGY IS NOT AVAILABLE (AT NIGHT OR NOT ADEQUATE TO

MEET THE ENTIRE LOAD DEMAND.

•BATTERIES CAN BE USED TO STORE SOLAR POWER TO SAFEGUARD AGAINST A

SHORT-TERM FALL IN SOLAR POWER GENERATION. INTERMITTENCY CAN ALSO BE

AVOIDED BY CONNECTED THE SOLAR PV SYSTEM TO THE GRID. IN THIS CASE THE

GRID PROVIDES THE E&TRA ENERGY AT TIMES OF INADEQUATE SUNSHINE.

.

ROOFTOP SOLAR PV WITH STORAGE


10/41

• FIRST SOLAR

• SUNTECH POWER CO.• GT ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES

• TRINA SOLAR

• JIN!O SOLAR • RENASOLA

• YINGLI GREEN• SUN POWER

• CANADIAN SOLAR LNC.• JA SOLAR

•. AMMINI

•. TATA POWER SOLAR SYSTEMS LTD

•. SUNTECH POWER HOLDING•. MOSER BEAR SOLAR LTD

•. PLG POWER LTD

•. SURANA VENTURES LTD

In IndiaIn Word

TOP SUCCESSFUL SOLAR COMPANIES

CONDITIONS FOR


11/41

•EQUIPMENT ON A BUILDING SHOULD BE SITED, SO FAR AS IS PRACTICABLE, TO

MINIMISE THE EFFECT ON THE E!TERNAL APPEARANCE OF THE BUILDING AND THE

AMENITY OF THE AREA.

•WHEN NO LONGER NEEDED EQUIPMENT SHOULD BE REMOVED AS SOON AS

REASONABLY PRACTICABLE.

•PANELS SHOULD NOT "E INSTALLED A"OVE THE HIGHEST PART OF THE ROOF

(E&CLUDING THE CHIMNEY AND SHOULD PRO#ECT NO MORE THAN $%%MM FROM

THE ROOF SLOPE OR WALL SURFACE&

•THE PANELS MUST NOT BE INSTALLED ON A BUILDING THAT IS WITHIN THE GROUNDS

OF A LISTED BUILDING OR ON A SITE DESIGNATED AS A SCHEDULED MONUMENT.

•IF YOUR PROPERTY IS IN A CONSERVATION AREA, OR IN A WORLD HERITAGE SITE,

PANELS MUST NOT BE FITTED TO A WALL WHICH FRONTS A HIGHWAY.

CONDITIONS FOR

INSTALLING SOLAR PANELS


12/41

•SI'E OF THE SYSTEM - THE TYPICAL DOMESTIC INSTALLATION IS A

• &KW SYSTEM, WHICH IS NORMALLY AROUND *$ PANELS. A SMALLER

*KW DOMESTIC SYSTEM IS LI!ELY TO BE ONLY $ PANELS&

• DIRECTION THAT ROOF FACES AND THE ANGLE - FOR OPTIMUM PERFORMANCE,

YOUR PANELS WILL NEED TO BE ON A '-DEGREE ANGLE, FACING SOUTH.

•ROOF THAT IS NOT IN THE SHADE WILL INCREASE THE AMOUNT OF ELECTRICITY

YOU ARE ABLE TO PRODUCE.

• TIME OF YEAR WILL ALSO HAVE AN IMPACT. DURING LONGER DAYLIGHT HOURS IN

THE SUMMER YOU WILL BE ABLE TO PRODUCE PROPORTIONALLY MORE POWER.

FACTORS AFFECTING ELECTRICITY GENERATION

WITH SOLAR PANELS FOR HOME


13/41

FACTORS EFFECTING SYSTEM SI'E


14/41

HOW ROOF SHAPE AND STRUCTURE

EFFECT SYSTEM SI'E

SI'E AND WATTAGE OF SOLAR PANELS


15/41

•LI!E LIGHT BULBS, SOLAR PANELS COME IN DIFFERENT WATTAGES. A COMMON

POWER RATING FOR A HIGH END SOLAR PANEL IS '# WATTS.

•THE SIZE OF THIS PANEL IS ABOUT +*, "Y *, (*&./*%&01) OR ABOUT

*2& S3UARE FEET. THAT MEANS THIS PANEL, AT ITS MA&IMUM, PUTS OUT '#

WATTS FROM SUNLIGHT FALLING ON ITS %).' FT* AREA.

• ANOTHER WAY TO SAY THIS IS, AT ITS MA&IMUM, A WATT SOLAR PANEL

PUTS OUT A MA!IMUM OF A"OUT $% WATTS PER S3UARE FOOT ('# DIVIDED BY

%).' EQUALS ABOUT "$.

SI'E AND WATTAGE OF SOLAR PANELS

!"#"

0""

$"! WATT

SOLAR SYSTEM FOR HOME


16/41

SOLAR SYSTEM FOR HOME

AREA CALCULATION FOR


17/41

AREA CALCULATION FOR

SOLAR PANELS INSTALLATION

•CALCULATE YOUR ENERGY RE3UIREMENTS4

CALCULATE YOUR ENERGY REQUIREMENTS BY CHEC!ING YOUR

MONTHLY ELECTRICITY BILL FOR POWER CONSUMED IN !WHR

AND TA!E AVERAGE OF POWER CONSUMED IN SUMMERS

AND WINTERS.

•CALCULATE THE AVERAGE DAILY CONSUMPTION4 DIVIDE YOUR AVERAGE MONTHLY

CONSUMPTION BY '$, TO GET THE AVERAGE DAILY CONSUMPTION.

SAY IT IS 330/30 = 11 KWHR.

•

Find out the avea!e hou" o# "un$i!ht o avea!edai$% "o$a in"o$ation in %ou aea:

FOR DELHI ITS 5.5 kWh/meters squared/day .

F IND SOLAR

INSOLA T ION


18/41

•CALCULATE THE TOTAL WATTAGE4 NOW, DIVIDE YOUR AVERAGE DAILY

CONSUMPTION BY THE AVERAGE DAILY HOURS OF SUNLIGHT. IN OUR CASE, 11

KWHR/5.5 HOURS = 2 KW OR 2000 WATTS . THIS WILL TELL YOU THE TOTAL WATTAGE OF

THE PANELS YOU REQUIRE TO COVER YOUR ENERGY NEEDS IN IDEAL CONDITIONS

THAT IS WHEN THERE ARE NO ENERGY LOSSES.

•&on"ide the ene!% $o""e": MULTIPLY THE FIGURE YOU OBTAINED IN EARLIER

STEP BY %.# TO COVER UP THE LOSSES DUE TO INEFFICIENCIES LI!E ENERGY

CONVERSION LOSSES AND HEAT LOSSES. WE GET 2000 WATTS X 1.4 = 2800 WATTS . THIS

WILL BE THE TOTAL WATTAGE OF THE PANEL YOU REQUIRE TO MEET YOUR ENERGY

NEEDS.

•CALCULATE THE SHADOW FREE AREA4 FIND OUT THE SHADOW

FREE AREA OF YOUR ROOF TOP BY MULTIPLYING ITS LENGTH

AND BREATH. LET US ASSUME THAT THE SHADOW FREE AREA

OF THE ROOF IS, 20 FEET BY 11 FEET,

220 SQUARE FEET.(20.4 M SQ)


19/41

•FIND OUT THE GENERAL DIMENSIONS OF THE SOLAR PANELS

OF DIFFERENT WATTAGE4

•THESE DIMENSIONS CAN BE OBTAINED FROM THE

PHYSICAL DATA SHEETS

•AVAILABLE IN THE SOLAR COMPANY WEBSITE.

•FOR ROOF TOP INSTALLATION SOLAR PANELS ARE USUALLY

•COME IN SIZES OF %$ WATTS, %) WATTS, "$$ WATTS,

"$ WATTS AND '$$ WATTS.•SOME OF THE DIMENSIONS ARE AS FOLLOWS+

•


20/41

•CALCULATE THE TOTAL AREA RE3UIRED "Y THE SOLAR PANELS4

THE TOTAL WATTAGE OF PANELS REQUIRED, TO COVER YOUR DAILY ENERGY NEEDS,

IS 2800 WATTS . HERE WE WILL CALCULATE THE TOTAL AREA COVERED BY THE

PANELS OF DIFFERENT WATTAGE.

IF THE TOTAL AREA OF THE SOLAR PANELS IS LESS THAN THE SHADOW FREE AREA,""$ SQUARE FEET, THEN WE WILL CONSIDER IT FOR INSTALLATION OTHERWISE

REJECT THAT WATTAGE OF SOLAR PANEL.

•NO OF PANELS RE3UIRED-$5%%6*2 7 *+ NOS&•TOTAL AREA OF SI&TEEN PANELS WOULD BE % NOS & %).) "'." SQ.FT.

•IT IS ADVISABLE TO LEAVE SOME GAP BETWEEN TWO PANELS, SO THAT AIR CAN

PASS THROUGH AND !EEP THE PANELS COOL IN SUMMERS. INCREASE THE TOTAL

AREA OF THE PANELS BY "./, WE GET.

•FINAL AREA RE3UIRED-$.%& S3& FT&


21/41

POWER O"TAINED "Y HARNESSING THE ENERGY OF THE WIND

WIND POWER

WIND ENERGY


22/41

•WIND IS A FORM OF SOLAR ENERGY.

• WINDS ARE CAUSED BY THE UNEVEN HEATING

OF THE ATMOSPHERE BY THE SUN, THE

IRREGULARITIES OF THE EARTH0S SURFACE, AND

ROTATION OF THE EARTH.

•THIS WIND FLOW, OR MOTION ENERGY, WHEN 1HARVESTED1 BY MODERN WIND

TUR"INES, CAN BE USED TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY I&E WIND POWER&

•WIND FLOW PATTERNS ARE MODIFIED BY +

EARTH0S TERRAINBODIES OF WATER VEGETATIVE COVER

WIND ENERGY

WHY WIND POWER


23/41

•IN THE CASE OF WIND, IF CONVENTIONAL ON SHORE WIND TURBINES WITH $-M

TOWERS WERE INSTALLED ON %'/ OF THE EARTH’S SURFACE, THE ESTIMATED WIND

POWER THAT COULD BE COMMERCIALLY VIABLE IS 2$ TERAWATT (TW)&

•THAT AMOUNTS TO ALMOST FIVE TIMES THE GLOBAL POWER CONSUMPTION IN ALL

FORMS, WHICH CURRENTLY AVERAGES ABOUT % TW.

MAIN PRO"LEMS4

%. COST

". AVAILABILITY

WHY WIND POWER

HOW WIND POWER IS GENERATED


24/41

•THE WIND0S !INETIC ENERGY CAN BE HARNESSED BY A WIND TURBINE, A DEVICE

THAT LOO!S LI!E AN E&TREMELY TALL, S!INNY FAN.

•WIND POWER AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO FOSSIL FUELS IS PLENTIFUL, RENEWABLE,

WIDELY DISTRIBUTED, CLEAN, PRODUCES NO GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS

DURING OPERATION, AND USES LITTLE LAND.

HOW WIND POWER IS GENERATED

COMPONENTS OF WIND TUR"INE


25/41


• WIND TURBINES CONSIST OF A FOUNDATION8 A TOWER8 A NACELLE AND A ROTOR&



26/41

•WIND TURBINES START OPERATING AT WIND SPEEDS OF

TO METRES PER SECOND AND REACH MA!IMUM POWER

OUTPUT AT AROUND * METRES6SECOND&&

•A MODERN WIND TURBINE PRODUCES ELECTRICITY )$-/

OF THE TIME, BUT IT GENERATES DIFFERENT OUTPUTS

DEPENDING ON THE WIND SPEED.

•OVER THE COURSE OF A YEAR, IT WILL

TYPICALLY GENERATE ABOUT "#/ OF THETHEORETICAL MA&IMUM OUTPUT (#%/

OFFSHORE. THIS IS !NOWN AS ITS

CAPACITY FACTOR.

PREFERED LOCATIONS


27/41

•AT *%% FEET (% METERS) OR MORE A"OVE GROUND, THEY CAN TA!E ADVANTAGE

OF FASTER AND LESS TURBULENT WIND.

•TURBINES WOR! AT THE BEST WHEN ON HIGH, E&POSED SITES. COASTAL SITES

ARE ESPECIALLY GOOD&

•TOWN CENTRES AND HIGHLY POPULATED RESIDENTIAL AREAS ARE USUALLY

NOT SUITA"LE SITES FOR WIND TURBINES.

PREFERED LOCATIONS

SI'ES OF WIND TUR"INES


28/41

•THE AVERAGE SIZE OF ON SHORE

TURBINES BEING MANUFACTURED

TODAY IS AROUND ".-' MW, WITH

BLADES OF ABOUT % METRES

LENGTH&

•AN AVERAGE OFFSHORE WIND

TURBINE OF '. MW CAN POWER MORE

THAN ','%" AVERAGE HOUSEHOLDS.

•IN "$%", THE AVERAGE SIZE IS

". MW WITH ROTOR DIAMETERS

OF %$$ METRES.

). MW TURBINES ARE THE

LARGEST TODAY WITH BLADES

ABOUT $ METRES LONG.

SI'ES OF WIND TUR"INES

MATERIAL USED


29/41

•THE TOWERS ARE MOSTLY TUBULAR AND MADE OF STEEL OR CONCRETE,

GENERALLY PAINTED LIGHT GREY.

•THE "LADES ARE MADE OF FI"REGLASS8 REINFORCED POLYESTER OR WOOD-

EPO!Y

•

. THEY ARE LIGHT GREY BECAUSE IT IS INCONSPICUOUS UNDER MOST LIGHTINGCONDITIONS.

•THE FINISH IS MATT, TO REDUCE REFLECTED LIGHT.

•WIND TURBINES CAN CARRY ON GENERATING ELECTRICITY FOR "$-" YEARS.•OVER THEIR LIFETIME THEY WILL BE RUNNING CONTINUOUSLY FOR AS MUCH AS

%"$,$$$ HOURS.

MATERIAL USED

SI'E RANGES


30/41

RESIDENTIAL4

"ELOW % KW

CHOOSE A SIZE

BASED ON ELECTRICAL

LOAD

SI'E RANGES

MEDIUM4

% - %% KW

MAY BE SIZEDTO A LOAD.

TYPICALLY USED WHENTHERE IS A LARGE

ELECTRICAL LOAD.

COMMERCIAL SCALE4

%% KW - $ MW

USUALLY FED INTO

THE GRID, NOT SIZED TO A SINGLE LOAD

RESIDENTIA

L

MEDIUM COMMERCIAL

DIAMETER(&) '$ $'$0 "'#0

HEIGHT(&) 8'$ $!'!0 !0'80

OWER(*WH+YEAR) ,0-000 00-000 "-000-000

WIND FARM CONFIGURATIONS


31/41

• IDEALLY, THE AREA SHOULD BE AS WIDE AND OPEN AS POSSIBLE IN THE

PREVAILING WIND DIRECTION, WITH FEW OBSTACLES.

•ITS VISUAL INFLUENCE NEEDS TO BE CONSIDERED 2 FEW, LARGER TURBINES ARE

USUALLY BETTER THAN MANY SMALLER ONES.

•THE TURBINES NEED TO BE EASILY ACCESSIBLE FOR MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR

WOR! WHEN NEEDED.

• NOISE LEVELS CAN BE CALCULATED SO THE FARM IS COMPATIBLE WITH THE

LEVELS OF SOUND STIPULATED IN NATIONAL LEGISLATION.

WIND FARM CONFIGURATIONS


32/41

•THE TURBINE SUPPLIER DEFINES THE MINIMUM TURBINE SPACING, TA!ING INTO

ACCOUNT THE EFFECT ONE TURBINE CAN HAVE ON OTHERS NEARBY 2 THE 0WA!E

EFFECT0.

•THE RIS! OF E&TREME EVENTS SUCH AS EARTHQUA!ES, HOW EASY IT IS TO

TRANSPORT THE TURBINES TO THE SITE AND THE LOCAL AVAILABILITY OF CRANES.

•IN A WIND FARM THE TURBINES THEMSELVES TA!E UP LESS THAN %/ OF THE

LAND AREA. E&ISTING ACTIVITIES LI!E FARMING AND TOURISM CAN TA!E PLACE

AROUND THEM AND ANIMALS LI!E COWS AND SHEEP ARE NOT DISTURBED.

SCENARIO IN INDIA


33/41

•WIND IN INDIA ARE INFLUENCED BY THE STRONG

SOUTH-WEST SUMMER MONSOON, WHICH STARTS IN

MAY-JUNE, WHEN COOL, HUMID AIR MOVES TOWARDS

•DURING THE PERIOD MARCH TO AUGUST, THE WINDS

ARE UNIFORMLY STRONG OVER THE WHOLE INDIAN

PENINSULA, E&CEPT THE EASTERN PENINSULAR

COAST.

•WIND SPEEDS DURING THE PERIOD NOVEMBER TO MARCH

ARE RELATIVELY WEA!, THOUGH HIGHER WINDS ARE

AVAILABLE DURING A PART OF THE PERIOD ON THE TAMIL

NADU COASTLINE.

•THE LAND AND THE WEA!ER NORTH-EAST WINTER

MONSOON, WHICH STARTS IN OCTOBER, WHEN COOL, DRY

AIR MOVES TOWARDS THE OCEAN.

SCENARIO IN INDIA

WIND POWER GENERATION CAPACITY IN INDIA


34/41

•THE WIND POWER GENERATION CAPACITY IN INDIA IS .8*% MW AS PER THE

OFFICIAL ESTIMATES IN THE INDIAN WIND ATLAS ("$%$ .

•THE POTENTIAL IS CALCULATED WITH RESPECT TO $ PER CENT LAND AVAILA"ILITY

AT WINDY LOCATIONS AND PERTAINS TO A % METER HU" HEIGHT LEVEL OF THE

WIND TUR"INES&

•PRESENTLY LARGE WIND TURBINES WITH HIGHER HUB HEIGHT IN THE RANGE OF 5%-

*%% METER WITH LARGE ROTOR DIAMETERS UP TO %"$ M ARE AVAILABLE IN THE

INDIAN MAR!ET.

•CONCEDING TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT AND HIGHER WIND SPEEDS AT HIGHER

HUB HEIGHTS, THE POTENTIAL OF .8*% MW AT $ METER LEVEL IF E&TRAPOLATED

•THE CAPITAL COST RANGES "ETWEEN & CRORES TO +&5 CRORES PER MW8

DEPENDING UP ON THE TYPE OF TURBINE, TECHNOLOGY, SIZE AND LOCATION.

WIND POWER GENERATION CAPACITY IN INDIA


35/41

PLANNING IMPLICATIONS


36/41

•MUNICIPAL CONSULTATIONS

E&PERIENCED WIND ENERGY DEVELOPERS TA!E THE TIME TO TAL! WITH THE

PEOPLE IN THE COMMUNITY THAT MAY BE IMPACTED DIRECTLY AND INDIRECTLY,

AND ENGAGE THEM EARLY IN THE PLANNING PROCESS AND !EEPING AN OPEN

DIALOGUE THROUGHOUT THE DEVELOPMENT AND OPERATIONAL PHASES.

•WIND ASSESSMENT.

SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS USE METEOROLOGICAL MASTS TO MEASURE WIND

SPEED AND OTHER CLIMATIC CONDITIONS. THIS DATA IS THEN USED TO ESTIMATE

HOW MUCH ENERGY A POTENTIAL WIND FARM COULD PRODUCE.

•WIND FARM DESIGN

WIND DATA IS COMBINED WITH TOPOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION TO DESIGN THE

WIND FARM. ENGINEERS MODEL WIND FLOW, TURBINE PERFORMANCE, SOUND

LEVELS AND OTHER PARAMETERS TO OPTIMIZE THE LOCATION OF WIND

TURBINES.

•ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY

ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENTS IDENTIFY AND TO MITIGATE POTENTIAL IMPACTS

ON COMMUNITY RESIDENTS, LANDSCAPE, PLANTS AND WILDLIFE, SOIL AND

WATER, LAND USE OR OTHER ACTIVITIES SUCH AS AVIATION AND

TELECOMMUNICATIONS

PLANNING IMPLICATIONS


37/41

.

•PERMITTING AND PU"LIC CONSULTATION

AS WITH ANY OTHER MAJOR POWER PROJECT, DEVELOPERS SEE! MUNICIPAL,

PROVINCIAL AND FEDERAL PERMITS BEFORE THE PROJECT CAN GO AHEAD.

•ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS

.THEY WOR! TO ESTIMATE THE COST OF TURBINES AND THEIR INSTALLATION, ASWELL AS THE COSTS OF ACCESS ROADS, ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS, OPERATIONS AND

MAINTENANCE..

•MANUFACTURING

WIND TURBINE COMPONENT PARTS ARE MANUFACTURED AND PRE-ASSEMBLED AT

THE FACTORY, THEN SHIPPED TO THE WIND FARM SITE WHERE THE FINAL ASSEMBLYTA!ES PLACE.

•SITE PREPARATION AND CONSTRUCTION

WOR! CREWS PREPARE TURBINE SITES BY BUILDING ACCESS ROADS, PREPARING

TURBINE FOUNDATIONS AND REASSEMBLING TURBINE COMPONENTS. A CRANE IS

USED TO ERECT TURBINE TOWERS AND INSTALL THE NACELLES .

•OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

ACTIVITIES THAT ARE PERFORMED ON A REGULAR BASIS THROUGHOUT THE PROJECT

LIFE INCLUDE MONITORING AND ANALYZING PERFORMANCE, CONDUCTING

ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEYS AND PERFORMING PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE ON THE

TURBINES AND OTHER COMPONENTS OF THE FACILITY

TERMINOLOGY AND FORMULAS


38/41

THE POWER PRODUCED BY A WIND TURBINE DEPENDS ON THE

• TUR"INE9S SI'E AND

• THE WIND SPEED THROUGH THE ROTOR

•THE RANGE OF WIND SPEEDS THAT ARE USABLE BY A PARTICULARWIND TURBINE FOR ELECTRICITY GENERATION IS

CALLED PRODUCTIVE WIND SPEED&

•PRODUCTIVE WIND SPEEDS WILL RANGE BETWEEN M6SEC TO M6SEC. THE

MINIMUM PRESCRIBED SPEED FOR OPTIMAL PERFORMANCE OF LARGE SCALE

WIND FARMS IS ABOUT M3S.

•THE POWER AVAILABLE FROM WIND IS PROPORTIONAL TO CUBE OF THE WIND0S

SPEED.

P7(WIND SPEED)

USUALLY, WIND RESOURCE ASSESSMENT IS DONE PRIOR TO A WIND SYSTEM’SCONSTRUCTION.

THE POWER (ENERGY6SECOND) AVAILA"LE IN THE WIND WILL "E GIVEN "Y

THE FORMULA POWER

$. & ROTOR SWEPT AREA (M" & WIND DENSITY (!G3M' & VELOCITY' (M3S

TERMINOLOGY AND FORMULAS

CALCULATIONS


39/41

CALCULATIONS

•CALCULATE YOUR ENERGY RE3UIREMENTS4

CALCULATE YOUR ENERGY REQUIREMENTS BY CHEC!ING YOUR MONTHLY

ELECTRICITY BILL FOR POWER CONSUMED IN !WHR

•CALCULATE THE AVERAGE DAILY CONSUMPTION4 DIVIDE YOUR AVERAGE

MONTHLY CONSUMPTION BY '$, TO GET THE AVERAGE DAILY CONSUMPTION.

SAY IT IS 330/30 = 11 KWHR=0.011MW

•FI! THE A"ERA#E "E$O%ITY OF SITE AREA&

THIS VALUE CAN BE TA!EN FROM TABLE GIVEN BY IS CODES.

FOR DELHI ITS ##M3S.

THE POWER (ENERGY6SECOND) AVAILA"LE IN THE WIND&

$. & ROTOR SWEPT AREA (M" & WIND DENSITY (!G3M' & VELOCITY' (M3S

CALCULATING THE ROTOR SWEPT AREA4

P7%&/R/:ind d;n/?;o0i=>

**7%&/R/*&$/

R7**6(%&/*&$/)

R7%&*1$


40/41


41/41

R7%&*1$

R7 r$ 7 (@i; /radi< oB :ind =rin;)$

%&*7&*r$

r7

%&*%r7%&+17+01

WIND TUR"INE TO "E USED4

POWER$.$%%MW

DIAMETRE )"CM

HUB HEIGHT BELOW %M

Use of solar and wind power for intelligent buildings

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