Use of Remote Sensing radar techniques for Oil and Gas (O ... · Possibility to have oil slick...

Use of Remote Sensing radar techniques for Oil and Gas (O&G) facilities survey in offshore domain for Environment and Exploration: Oil slicks detection and interpretation (Seeps and Spill)

V. Miegebielle(1), D. Dubucq12) and S. Angelliaume(2)

(1) TOTAL, France (2) ONERA (The French Aerospace Lab), Electromagnetism and Radar Department, France

Airborne and spaceborne radar remote sensing means are used in an operational context for oil slicks detection. Indeed, the oil layer above the surface of the sea will damped the so-called “capillarity waves“ which are the origin of the sea surface roughness. The objective of this paper is to present Remote Sensing Technologies and methodologies developed within Total to detect and cope oil slicks issues in the off shore domain. , in collaboration with ONERA The works realized in this domain will be presented through ‘field cases’ as well as R&D results, related to the emergence of new techniques, made in collaboration with the ONERA. We work in particular on the evaluation of the most relevant polarimetric parameters for slicks detection and characterization. We are also interested in the use of the various radar frequencies (X, L Bands…) for the detection, characterization and the estimation of relative thickness. Finally, in case of significant leakage, we will present ‘Spill Watch’, the internal procedure, activated to follow and to predict oil slick drift to determine areas where antipollution teams must intercede.

The availability of numerous data images, in particular ESA Sentinel-1 A and Sentinel 1-B satellite data, free access data, open new perspectives in monitoring field.

The need for the oversight of our operations and the surveillance of our installations can be now covered with an important repetitiveness thanks to the high frequency of acquisitions of this new type of data as a complement to commercial data (Cosmo SkyMed, Radarsat, TerraSarX…) programmed and acquired by SAR operators. Today, the possibility of daily satellite acquisition in any defined area of the word thanks to satellite constellations, allows to set up a systematic oil production facilities monitoring for:

- Detecting hydrocarbon leaks and their recurrence (rejecting look alike such as algal blooming wind and current effects…)

- Locate the source of the slick relative to the location of O&G infrastructures - Identify and discriminate possible origins of the slicks : natural seeps, spill linked to oil

facilities, boat emptying of fuel tanks - Evaluate leak magnitude and their evolution with time (drifting)

The teams need constant refinement of these tools because of the importance of the issue and the support for Environment and Exploration domains. A major research program has been initiated to improved reliability of detection methods, discrimination and why not quantification… of oil slicks including SAR and optical technologies and calibration on real data and software development.

Paper No.184419-MS

Use of Remote Sensing Radar Techniques for Oil and Gas (O&G)

Facilities Survey in Offshore Domain for Environment and Exploration: Oil

Slicks Detection and Interpretation (Seeps and Spill)

V. Miegebielle*, C. Taillandier*, D. Dubucq*, S. Angeliaume**, Total*, ONERA**

Context and Objectives

Slide 2

Paper No.184419-MS • Use of Remote Sensing Radar Techniques for Oil and Gas (O&G) Facilities Survey in Offshore

Domain for Environment and Exploration: Oil Slicks Detection and Interpretation (Seeps and Spill) • V. Miegebielle

Present Remote Sensing technologies and methodologies to survey, detect and

interpret hydrocarbon slicks in off shore domain

• For regular monitoring in Exploration and HSE context

• In case of incident occurring on surface /subsurface

• In case of emergency

Oil slicks

Remote Sensing Data

• Optical data (+) numerous satellites

(+) detection/characterization (multi and

hyperspectral)

(+) Very good resolution (below 1 m)

(-) Clouds

(-) Daytime acquisition only

Active Passive

Radar system

E.M. radiation

Optical system

• Radar data

(+) Transparency of the cloud cover

(+) Acquisitions during day and night

(+) Capability of programming satellite for

world wide daily acquisition (day & night)

(+) 24/24h acquisition

(-) Heavier image processing

(-) Image readability harder (Black & White)

(-) Look-alike risks analysis

For slick detection SAR data

Slide 3



Terminology

What do you mean by ‘Slicks’?

Slide 4

Fault or O&G infrastructure

Oil slick : film of oil on the

surface of water. The origine of the

leakage is not precise.

Oil seep : slick of natural origin.

Oil spill : slick related to an

accidental pollution

Modified from FUGRO-NPA 2013 Slick = Seep + Spill



Slicks detection from satellite image

• Oil slicks detection

• Wind effects

Ideal window for oil slicks detection:

2-3 m/s < WindSpeed < 8-9 m/s

2 km

Slightly rough surface

Smooth Surface

Rough Surface

Slide 5



Null to low wind conditions

seeps

seeps

Spill

ENVISAT RADAR IMAGE

Versus Spill Versus Look-Alikes detection Slide 6

Biological films



Oil Spill Detection Versus Oil Seeps Detection

SPILL SEEPS

Location Near Shipping Lane Near off-shore facilities (Pipeline, Platform…)

Anywhere

Morphology

Straight behind boat Extended in case of major pollution

size, shape (curvature,…), repetition pattern (twin seeps…) Relationship between wind and current (direction)

38 km

Boat

3 km 10 km 10 km



Look-alike and false alarms for spill and seep Algae

Rain Cell

Atmospheric phenomena

Island Flow

Non wind area

Slide 8



Multi-temporal & Repeatability

30 km ‘Flower’ structure identification

Historical ENVISAT SAR Data Set

Most discriminating criteria for seep detection : repeatability Slide 9





Slide 10

Off shore facilities monitoring

15th January

13th December

LEGEND

Area of interest

Plateforms, rig,… Location

Oil Spill

Example of two acquisitions on

the same area of interest, one

month time lapse

25 km

25 km



LEGEND

Field

Potential

emission

zone of

recurrent

natural seeps


Leakage

13th December

24 km

Slide 11

Natural seeps




07th January

24 km

D LEGEND

Field

Potential emission

zone of recurrent

natural seeps

Recurrent

Natural seeps

Slide 12

LEGEND

Field

Potential

emission

zone of

recurrent

natural seeps



24 km


15th January

B LEGEND

Field

Potential emission

zone of recurrent

natural seeps

Recurrent

Natural seeps

Slide 13

LEGEND

Field

Potential

emission

zone of

recurrent

natural seeps




A LEGEND

Field

Potential emission

zone of recurrent

natural seeps

?

26th January

24 km No Recurrent Natural seeps

Slide 14

LEGEND

Field

Potential

emission

zone of

recurrent

natural seeps

Off shore hydrocarbon detection Automatic detection based on :

– A empirical radar reflectivity model. Ocean surface SAR response is modeled under the same conditions of incidicence/azimuth as during the acquisition

– Consideration of ocean-weather conditions at the time of acquisition: wind speed and direction from Database or in situ platforms measurements

Slide 15



Off shore hydrocarbon detection

Result image : – ‘Difference’ between satellite and modeled image highlights slicks

Slide 16



17 Paper No.184419-MS • Use of Remote Sensing Radar Techniques for Oil and Gas (O&G) Facilities Survey in Offshore

Domain for Environment and Exploration: Oil Slicks Detection and Interpretation (Seeps and Spill) • V. Miegebielle The service involves three different divisions and their experts in Total: metocean,

remote sensing and environment for oil-slick drift predictions.

• Slick surface extent? • Drift direction? • Impacts to sensitive areas (coastlines, protected areas)?

Inform Management Authorities

Media NGOs

SPILL WATCH

Early alert scheme to support quick response

5-days predictions of slick positions

Satellite Oil spill modelling Metocean

TEC/GEO MTG/TTP HSE/ENV

OIL SPILL

“SPILL WATCH” : an oil spill response strategy Slide 17

Metocean monitoring

Satellite acquisition Metocean model

Possibility to have metocean data (3D currents & winds) with a 5-days forecast in few hours

SPILL WATCH : Metocean Data Slide 18





• Geographical coordinates

• Area : 754 km2

• Length : 70 km

• Width : 6 à 10 km

70 km

.

Possibility to have 2 satellite images per day

December 21st, 09.30 am

SPILL WATCH : Satellite Acquisition Slide 19

Oil Spill Modelling

Oil profile

Spill parameters

Metocean data

Satellite images

Possibility to have oil slick drift over 5 days to be able to adapt quickly the oil spill response

Repositionning slick position, Using satellite images

SPILL WATCH : Oil Spill Modelling Slide 20



Time lapse oil slicks monitoring allows to : Detect hydrocarbon traces and their recurrence

Identify and classify the different possible origins of these slicks

Localize the source of the slick

Evaluate the magnitude of the slick and its evolution with time

Assist the team in charge of the facilities and the antipollution squad

‘Spill Watch’ an integrated approach!

Develop new techniques (R&D) to improve detection, characterization and quantification

Conclusion Slide 21



Thank You / Questions

Slide 22

Use of Remote Sensing radar techniques for Oil and Gas (O ... · Possibility to have oil slick...

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