USDA’s Global Crop and Livestock Estimation Systemmovers Goals of USDA’s Outlook Information...

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Seth Meyer Chairman – World Agricultural Outlook Board Office of the Chief Economist US Department of Agriculture WASDE USDA’s Global Crop and Livestock Estimation System

Transcript of USDA’s Global Crop and Livestock Estimation Systemmovers Goals of USDA’s Outlook Information...

Page 1: USDA’s Global Crop and Livestock Estimation Systemmovers Goals of USDA’s Outlook Information System •Objectivity –Provide unbiased information •Reliability –Based on sound

Seth MeyerChairman – World Agricultural Outlook Board

Office of the Chief EconomistUS Department of Agriculture

WASDEUSDA’s Global Crop and Livestock 

Estimation System

Page 2: USDA’s Global Crop and Livestock Estimation Systemmovers Goals of USDA’s Outlook Information System •Objectivity –Provide unbiased information •Reliability –Based on sound

World Agricultural Outlook Board

• Focal point for USDA market outlook• Interagency Commodity Estimates Committees (ICECs) include analysts from across USDA

• Information for monthly World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE) developed from multiple data sources

• WASDE releases are market movers

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WASDE and Crop Production and area products are market 

movers

Page 4: USDA’s Global Crop and Livestock Estimation Systemmovers Goals of USDA’s Outlook Information System •Objectivity –Provide unbiased information •Reliability –Based on sound

Goals of USDA’s Outlook Information System

• Objectivity–Provide unbiased information

• Reliability–Based on sound data and analysis

• Timeliness– Fast flow to users

Page 5: USDA’s Global Crop and Livestock Estimation Systemmovers Goals of USDA’s Outlook Information System •Objectivity –Provide unbiased information •Reliability –Based on sound

ICECs (Interagency Commodity Estimates Committees)

• World Agricultural Outlook Board, Chair• Agricultural Marketing Service• Economic Research Service• Farm Service Agency• Foreign Agricultural Service• Grain Inspection, Packers and

Stockyards Administration

ICECs include analysts from:

WheatRiceFeed GrainsOilseedsCottonSugarMeat AnimalsPoultryDairy

Nine ICEC committees:

Page 6: USDA’s Global Crop and Livestock Estimation Systemmovers Goals of USDA’s Outlook Information System •Objectivity –Provide unbiased information •Reliability –Based on sound

U.S. Crop Production Forecastsvs.

Foreign Crop Production Estimates

• U.S. crop production forecasts based on monthly surveys of farmers and crops. NASS provides a constant update on past conditions

• Foreign crop production estimates involve greater judgment; most are not survey‐based

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USDA-NASS10-12-17

Page 8: USDA’s Global Crop and Livestock Estimation Systemmovers Goals of USDA’s Outlook Information System •Objectivity –Provide unbiased information •Reliability –Based on sound

Grain Stocks• Grain Stocks are measured quarterly (including the end of the marketing year)

• Changes in grain stocks ‘reveal’ use over the quarter. – Feed Use (and residual)

– Food, Seed, Industrial – Other demands

Page 9: USDA’s Global Crop and Livestock Estimation Systemmovers Goals of USDA’s Outlook Information System •Objectivity –Provide unbiased information •Reliability –Based on sound

Crop Forecast TimelineCorn and Soybean Example

Late February, Ag Outlook Forum first look at coming year’s balance sheetEnd March, Prospective Plantings from NASS

May, first WASDE full world balance sheetEnd June, Acreage from NASS

August, First NASS Yield & Area Estimates in Crop Production

NASS yield & area estimates

F M A M J J A S O N D J

Satellite imagery on world crop condition

Enhanced data on world weather

Data on Demand and Trade (stocks, use, exports, imports)

Page 10: USDA’s Global Crop and Livestock Estimation Systemmovers Goals of USDA’s Outlook Information System •Objectivity –Provide unbiased information •Reliability –Based on sound

Interagency Commodity Estimates Committee (ICEC)WASDE ProcessWorld Agricultural Outlook Board Office of the Chief Economist

Page 11: USDA’s Global Crop and Livestock Estimation Systemmovers Goals of USDA’s Outlook Information System •Objectivity –Provide unbiased information •Reliability –Based on sound

October 12, 2017

Page 12: USDA’s Global Crop and Livestock Estimation Systemmovers Goals of USDA’s Outlook Information System •Objectivity –Provide unbiased information •Reliability –Based on sound

Pre‐Planting

Percent of Normal RainfallFeb – Mar – Apr (2017)

Following last year’s soaking rains, near‐ to above‐normal rainfall just prior to planting kept the soil moisture profile full in most areas.

October 12, 2017

Page 13: USDA’s Global Crop and Livestock Estimation Systemmovers Goals of USDA’s Outlook Information System •Objectivity –Provide unbiased information •Reliability –Based on sound

Vegetation Health Index (VIIRS) – October 7, 2017

Source:  NOAA/NESDIS/STAR

Poor to Very Poor

Fair to Good

RecentImprovement

October 12, 2017

Page 14: USDA’s Global Crop and Livestock Estimation Systemmovers Goals of USDA’s Outlook Information System •Objectivity –Provide unbiased information •Reliability –Based on sound

June 1 – August 31, 2017

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14.0”

2.0”

2017 4.0”

8.0”

6.0”

10.0”

30y Avg

2016

12.0”

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Temp/Pcp Critical

Temp/Pcp Critical*Based on Mean Planting Date

Page 17: USDA’s Global Crop and Livestock Estimation Systemmovers Goals of USDA’s Outlook Information System •Objectivity –Provide unbiased information •Reliability –Based on sound

2017Silk

2016Silk

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Heat Sensitive

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As the crop was flowering (north) to filling (south), the VHI supported excellent – perhaps even record‐setting – winter 

wheat yields for a second consecutive year.

July 12, 2017

Central

Southern

N. Caucasus

Volga

Russia

Ukraine

Winter Wheat

Page 20: USDA’s Global Crop and Livestock Estimation Systemmovers Goals of USDA’s Outlook Information System •Objectivity –Provide unbiased information •Reliability –Based on sound

Foreign Agricultural ServiceOffice of Global AnalysisIPA Division

Source: USGS EarthExplorer; Landsat 8

Feb 5, 2015Feb 5, 2015Feb 2, 2014Feb 2, 2014

Thailand:  North Central Plains Region ‐ Chainat Province Landsat Imagery ComparisonThailand:  North Central Plains Region ‐ Chainat Province Landsat Imagery Comparison

March 10, 2015

Page 21: USDA’s Global Crop and Livestock Estimation Systemmovers Goals of USDA’s Outlook Information System •Objectivity –Provide unbiased information •Reliability –Based on sound

April pictures courtesy ofMohamed Fardaoussi, LES Rabat

March 31, 2017 Near Meknes, Morocco

Picture: Bryan Purcell

Conditions deteriorated rapidlyIn April due to dryness and heat

Conditions Deteriorated in April

MODIS NDVI Comparison to Average:April 23 – April 30, 2017

April 20, 2017 Near Meknes, Morocco

MeknesMorocco

AlgeriaTunisia

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NGA MAGE Mobile InterfaceArchive Data PointsMap View of 

Morocco

Page 23: USDA’s Global Crop and Livestock Estimation Systemmovers Goals of USDA’s Outlook Information System •Objectivity –Provide unbiased information •Reliability –Based on sound

Morocco: Croplands 

Wheat/Barley

Grasslands

Orchards

Horticulture

Barren(Small fields)

Source: Croplands classification derived from Landsat imagery (30m) captured Jan‐Mar 2017 and FAS field data March 2017. Processed using Google Earth Engine.

Foreign Agricultural ServiceOffice of Global Analysis

IPA Division

Page 24: USDA’s Global Crop and Livestock Estimation Systemmovers Goals of USDA’s Outlook Information System •Objectivity –Provide unbiased information •Reliability –Based on sound

‐0,4

‐0,2

0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1

1,2R‐5

R‐3

R‐1

R+1

R+3

R+5

% Cha

nge in Close‐to‐Close Prices

Prices on release of Corn Data

Measuring the WASDE effect in Commodities Markets

Source: Real‐time Trading on USDA Announcements: Adjemian and Irwin‐5

‐4

‐3

‐2

‐1

0

1

2

R‐5

R‐3

R‐1

R+1

R+3

R+5

% Cha

nge in Close‐to‐Close IV

Prices Change

Uncertainty or Volatility is Reduced

Repo

rt Day

Repo

rt Day

Page 25: USDA’s Global Crop and Livestock Estimation Systemmovers Goals of USDA’s Outlook Information System •Objectivity –Provide unbiased information •Reliability –Based on sound

Information/Reports reduce information Asymmetry, Leveling the playing field

Large Grain TradersGrain ExportersLivestock FeedersFood Processors

Farmers

Page 26: USDA’s Global Crop and Livestock Estimation Systemmovers Goals of USDA’s Outlook Information System •Objectivity –Provide unbiased information •Reliability –Based on sound

Forecast evaluation

• Review performance periodically for:– Accuracy– Bias– Repetitive errors

• Correct bias and systematic errors.• Publish evaluations on a regular basis.

Page 27: USDA’s Global Crop and Livestock Estimation Systemmovers Goals of USDA’s Outlook Information System •Objectivity –Provide unbiased information •Reliability –Based on sound

[email protected]

http://www.usda.gov/oce/forum/

http://www.usda.gov/oce/commodity/wasde/Secretary_Briefing.pdf

Recent and UpcomingAugust 30, 2017 --- Farm

Income ForecastSeptember 12, 2017 ---

WASDE

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Page 28: USDA’s Global Crop and Livestock Estimation Systemmovers Goals of USDA’s Outlook Information System •Objectivity –Provide unbiased information •Reliability –Based on sound

Slide 27

PW-O1 Replace with an India map?Preston, Warren - OCE; 24/08/2017

Page 29: USDA’s Global Crop and Livestock Estimation Systemmovers Goals of USDA’s Outlook Information System •Objectivity –Provide unbiased information •Reliability –Based on sound

CORN 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18

Million Acres

Area Planted 88.0 94.0 90.9

Area Harvested 80.8 86.7 83.5

Yield (bu./acre) 168.4 174.6 170.7

Million Bushels

Beginning Stocks 1,731 1,737 2,370

Production 13,602 15,148 14,255

Imports 68 55 50

Total Supply 15,401 16,940 16,675

Feed & Residual 5,113 5,425 5,475

Food, Seed, Indust. 6,650 6,920 7,000

Ethanol 5,224 5,450 5,500

Exports 1,901 2,225 1,875

Total Use 13,664 14,570 14,350

Ending Stocks 1,737 2,370 2,325

Avg. Farm Price $/bu. $3.61 $3.35($3.25‐$3.45)

$3.30 ($2.90‐3.70)

Potential for Big Data Satellite or Planter data on acres and plant populations Harvester data on area, 

yield, moisture, weights Plant health data

Storage bin monitors

Improved data on animal rations, numbers, weights

Global production estimates

Sales data observations

Source: July 2017 WASDE

Page 30: USDA’s Global Crop and Livestock Estimation Systemmovers Goals of USDA’s Outlook Information System •Objectivity –Provide unbiased information •Reliability –Based on sound

Market Moves Most on Surveyed DataBut not always

Page 31: USDA’s Global Crop and Livestock Estimation Systemmovers Goals of USDA’s Outlook Information System •Objectivity –Provide unbiased information •Reliability –Based on sound
Page 32: USDA’s Global Crop and Livestock Estimation Systemmovers Goals of USDA’s Outlook Information System •Objectivity –Provide unbiased information •Reliability –Based on sound

Goals of USDA’s Outlook Information System

• Objectivity–Provide unbiased information

• Reliability–Based on sound data and analysis

• Timeliness– Fast flow to users

Page 33: USDA’s Global Crop and Livestock Estimation Systemmovers Goals of USDA’s Outlook Information System •Objectivity –Provide unbiased information •Reliability –Based on sound

USDA Information Quality GuidelinesObjectivity

• Strive to ensure that information disseminated is accurate, reliable, and unbiased and presented in an accurate, clear, complete, and unbiased manner

• Consistent with confidentiality protections,  identify the source of the information so that the public can assess whether the information is objective

Page 34: USDA’s Global Crop and Livestock Estimation Systemmovers Goals of USDA’s Outlook Information System •Objectivity –Provide unbiased information •Reliability –Based on sound

USDA Information Quality GuidelinesUtility

• Assess the usefulness of the information disseminated to intended users, including the public

• Ensure that transparency is addressed in review of the information prior to its dissemination, when transparency is relevant for assessing the information's usefulness from the public's perspective

• Ensure that disseminated information is accessible to all persons pursuant to the requirements of Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act

Page 35: USDA’s Global Crop and Livestock Estimation Systemmovers Goals of USDA’s Outlook Information System •Objectivity –Provide unbiased information •Reliability –Based on sound

USDA Information Quality GuidelinesIntegrity

• Protect information from unauthorized access or revision to ensure that disseminated information is not compromised through corruption or falsification

• Secure information resources by implementing the programs and policies required by the Government Information Security Reform Act

• Maintain the integrity of confidential information and comply with the statutory requirements to protect the information gathered and disseminated, including The Privacy Act of 1974, as amended; The Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995; The Computer Security Act of 1987; The Freedom of Information Act; and OMB Circulars A‐123, A‐127, and A‐130

Page 36: USDA’s Global Crop and Livestock Estimation Systemmovers Goals of USDA’s Outlook Information System •Objectivity –Provide unbiased information •Reliability –Based on sound

U.S. Crop Production Forecastsvs.

Foreign Crop Production Estimates

• U.S. crop production forecasts based on monthly surveys of farmers and crops

• Foreign crop production estimates involve greater judgment; most are not survey‐based

Page 37: USDA’s Global Crop and Livestock Estimation Systemmovers Goals of USDA’s Outlook Information System •Objectivity –Provide unbiased information •Reliability –Based on sound

CORN 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16

Million Acres

Area Planted 95.4 90.6 89.2

Area Harvested 87.5 83.1 81.7

Yield (bu./acre) 158.1 171.0 166.8

Million Bushels

Beginning Stocks 821 1,232 1,851

Production 13,829 14,216 13,630

Imports 36 25 25

Total Supply 14,686 15,472 15,506

Feed & Residual 5,034 5,250 5,300

Food, Seed, Indust. 6,503 6,547 6,560

Ethanol 5,134 5,200 5,200

Exports 1,917 1,825 1,900

Total Use 13,454 13,622 13,760

Ending Stocks 1,232 1,851 1,746

Avg. Farm Price $/bu. $4.46 $3.65($3.55‐$3.75)

$3.50 ($3.20‐3.80)

Potential for Big Data Planter data on acres and 

plant populations Harvester data on area, 

yield, moisture, weights Plant health data

Storage bin monitors

Improved data on animal rations

Global production estimates

Sales data observations

Source: May 2016 WASDE

Page 38: USDA’s Global Crop and Livestock Estimation Systemmovers Goals of USDA’s Outlook Information System •Objectivity –Provide unbiased information •Reliability –Based on sound

Example: Citizen Science Informs Drought Monitor

Page 39: USDA’s Global Crop and Livestock Estimation Systemmovers Goals of USDA’s Outlook Information System •Objectivity –Provide unbiased information •Reliability –Based on sound

Opportunities and Challenges

• Big Data is poised to continue to improve efficiency and effectiveness of USDA reporting

• Information gleaned through Big Data must be tempered by skilled analysis and validation across multiple sources

• Maintenance of information quality –objectivity, utility, integrity– is tantamount