USA-CANADA-FRANCE Comparisons on HMA François CHAIGNON COLAS Inc CUPGA November 2004.

USA-CANADA-FRANCEComparisons on HMA

François CHAIGNON COLAS Inc

CUPGA November 2004

1. Introduction

2. HMA in New York State

3. HMA in Quebec

4. HMA in France

5. Comparisons

6. Conclusions

Agenda

Canada – USA - France• Formulations

• Equipment• Marshall in Western Canada and USA• SUPERPAVE in USA, Ontario and Quebec• Some kind of SUPERPAVE in France

• Gyratory compactor• Wheel track test• Fatigue test

• Hot and black everywhere

• Universal HMA?

Formulations• USA

• New York State

• SUPERPAVE

since 1995

New York State

• Formulation 12.5 mm Superpave

• Aggregates

• Physical requirements• LA < 35• MgSO4 18% max

• Consensus properties• Crushed count• FAA • Friction aggregates

New York State

• Formulation 12.5 mm SUPERPAVE

• Asphalt Cement

• PG 64-28

• Neat asphalt

New York State


• 1st step: Optimization of the gradation• 3 blends for the gradation

• Same AC content

• 2nd step: Optimization of the AC• 3 AC contents

• 4% Air voids at N design

• Then with the final AC N max

• 3rd step• Validation by DOT regional lab

New York State


• Tender requirements

• ESAL

• PG

• Maximum size gradation

• RAP percentage is 20% in all mixes

• 30% in base 37.5mm

New York State

• Formulation 12.5 mm SUPERPAVEESAL design requirements

ESAL

in 106

< 0.3 <3.0 <10 <30 >30

N initial 6 7 8 8 9

N design 50 75 100 100 125

N max 75 115 160 160 205

New York State

New York State

• Requirements for lab technicians

• Certification for technician at the plant

• Good partnership between the industry and NYDOT

• Certification set up together• Joint Technical committee

Quebec

• Components

• Aggregates• Depending of traffic

• Fraction

• Asphalt Cement• PG grades

Quebec

• Volume of AC given per formula

• AC computed based on the porosity of the aggregates

• Gradation to comply with

• Gyratory compactor

• Wheel track test

Quebec

• Specifications ESG 10

• Enrobés Semi Grenu 10 mm

• Gyratory• 10g C > 10%• 80g 4% > C > 7%• 200g C >2%

• Wheel track test• 1000 cycles R < 10%• 3000 cycles R < 20%• 30000 cycles R > 10%

France

• Components• Choice depending on the traffic

• Aggregates• Liquid Asphalt

• Formulation• Gradation• PCG• Wheel Track test (function of the traffic)• Fatigue test (function of the traffic)

FranceAggregates

• Higher specs in Europe• LA, MDE and PSV

• Narrow Fractions

• Film of binder • Formulation to approach the AC content

• Based on the gradation

• Based on the area to be coated

France

• Gyratory

• Not linked to the traffic• Goal is for the compaction of the HMA• Linked to the maximum size aggregates

France• Gyratory Press

• P.C.G.

France


• Rutting at 60°C• Different values depending of the formulation

France


France

• Fatigue test

• Modulus

• ε6

• Both values linked to road design

France

• Fatigue test

Comparisons• Components

• Aggregates

• Higher requirements in Quebec and France• Use of RAP (yes in NY, no in Quebec, yes in

France)• Function of the traffic in Quebec and France• Large specs in NYS as in the US• Fractions in Quebec and France

Comparisons• Components

• Liquid Asphalt

• PG grade in NY and Quebec• Penetration and R&B in France (EU specs)• Linked to traffic in France

Comparisons• Methods

• Marshall Design• SUPERPAVE design

• Linked to the traffic

• Gyratory press• Linked to compaction on site

• Wheel track test • Fatigue test

Comparisons• Final mixes

• HMA /ACP wearing courses

• NY 12.5 mm Superpave• Quebec ESG 10• France BBSG 10

RECONSTITUTION GRANULOMETRIQUE

0102030405060708090

100

0.010.1

110100

New York Quebec

France

Tamis # mm

% Passant

Conclusions

• The use of the gyratory press is quite different

• Gradation

• AC content

Evaluation de la SGC Pine

La Presse à Cisaillement GiratoireType 3


The Pine SGC


COMPACTION EFFECTCOMPACTION EFFECT

F

F

Compaction Strength

Éprouvette cylindriqueCompaction Angle

Rotation

During the test, the surface of the cylinder is kept constant, the height decreases

Use of PCG in the French Procedure

Forecast the compaction level that can be achieved on the job site


COMPARISON between PCG3 andCOMPARISON between PCG3 and

SGC PINESGC PINE

Specifications PCG 3 (NF P 98 252) SGC (SHRP M 002)

Molds

Specimen

Number of repetition

Rotation speed

3 2

30 rpm 30 rpm

фint = 150 mm фint = 150 mm

h = 150 mm for 100% compaction h = 115 mm for 100% compaction

10,6 KN 10,6 KNCompaction strength

1° Compaction Angle 1,25° loaded


Comparison of design proceduresComparison of design procedures

French methodFrench method Superpave MethodSuperpave Method

Measurement of void content for a given number of giration. This number is a function of the hot mix type.

Measurement of the number of giration in order to get 4% voids content. Comparison between Ngir and Ndesign

Goals:

Hot mix production:

French methodFrench method Superpave MéthodSuperpave Méthod

The whole amount of mixes is made at the same time

Preparation of hot mis specimen one after another.

Hot mixes ageing for two hours at the compaction temperature.


Une différence dans l’exploitation des résultats

The two press give the variation of the height of the specimen versus the number of giration.

French method: use of the experimental curve as it is.

Superpave method: the experimental curve has to be corrected

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1 10 100 1000

Nombre de girations

% d

e vi

des

SGC Pine avec correctionSGC Pine sans correction4%

courbe de compacité du BBSG 0/10 Noubleau avec et sans correction


Determination of various specific gravities

The superpave method is complex and time consuming :

Evaluation of VMA, VFA et Va,

Measurement of compacity at Ndes, Nmax et Nini :

•Cdes = 96 % à Ndes,

•Cmax < 98 % à Nmax,

•Cmin < 89 % à Nmin.


LES RESULTATS DES 2 PRESSESLES RESULTATS DES 2 PRESSES 18 design mixes were tested,

SGC Pine and PCG tests

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1 10 100 1000Nombre de girations

% d

e vi

des

SGC Pine

PCG 3

détermination du domaine de définition de la SGC Pine


A 1 giration

V1 pine = 0,95xV1 pcg3

La pente k

kpine = 1,19xKpcg3

V1 Pine / V1 PCG3

15

20

25

30

15 20 25 30V1 PCG3 (%)

V1

Pin

e (

%)

GB

EME

BBSG

BBMa

BBME

théorique moyenne

k Pine / k PCG3

2

3

4

5

6

2 3 4 5 6k PCG3 (%)

k P

ine

(%

)

GB

EME

BBSG

BBMa

BBME

théorique moyenne

Identical results for 1 giration SGC compaction is faster than PCG compaction


Corrélation entre les deux machines

V’% PINE = V% PCG3 - 1,29 – 0,71 x ln(N)

N = 20 girations

5

10

15

20

5 10 15 20% de vides PCG3

% d

e v

ide

s P

ine

GB

EME

BBSG

BBMa

BBME

droite théorique

N = 60 girations

0

5

10

15

0 5 10 15

% de vides PCG3

% d

e v

ide

s P

ine

GB

EME

BBSG

BBMa

BBME

droite théorique

pourcentages de vides à la Pine fonction du pourcentage de vides à la PCG 3 à 20 et à 60 girations


Evaluation of some French mix design Evaluation of some French mix design versus Suprepave specsversus Suprepave specs

Type of hot mixes:

GB,

BBSG,

EME,

BBMa et les BBME

Performances to be reached:

4 % voids content at the higher Ngir ,

FullFill the specs related to (VMA, VFA, Va, Cini, Cmax …).


Results :

Classification of hot mix types

All hot mix types comply with Superpave specs

Traffic :Low level Medium level High levelBBME<BBMa<EME BBSG GB

Use in France:

BBSG,GB BBME, EME, BBMa


LES RELATIONS AVEC LE TERRAINLES RELATIONS AVEC LE TERRAIN Les résultats à la PCG 3 et à la SGC Pine :

PCG 3 - Pine / Compacité terrain

92

94

96

98

100

92 94 96 98 100Compacité terrain

com

pa

cité

pre

sse

PCG 3

SGC Pine

bissectrice

évaluation des deux presses en fonction de la compacité terrain

Compacités PCG déterminées par la la relation CPCG = C10xe Bissectrice : Cterrain = C10xe


SGC Pine / compacité terrain

90

92

94

96

98

100

90 92 94 96 98 100compacité terrain

com

pa

cité

pre

sse

SGC Pine

bissectrice

compacités Pine (C6 x e) fonction des compacités terrain

Relation compacité terrain – SGC Pine :

Compacités SGC Pine déterminées par la la relation Cpine = C6xe Bissectrice : Cterrain = C6xe


Next steps

+ Check the behavior of superpave mix design versus :

French rutting testComplex modulus

Construction• No big differences in manufacturing

• Batch plants more likely in France and Quebec

• Drum plants in the USA

• North America / Europe• Pavers

• High compaction screed with tampers and vibration

• Speed!!

• Rollers• France: Pneumatic tires rollers

• Rare in North America

Construction• Smoothness / Rideability

• More and more important• Waves lengths in France• IRI or Profilograph• Continuous feeding of the paver• Speed

• The driver can feel it

Construction

• More targeted to the driver/tax payer

• Skid resistance• Smoothness• Noise reduction• Color

• Comfort and safety

Construction Europe

Construction North America

Manufacturing North America

Final conclusions

• Every country has its own history in the HMA

• European specifications!!

• 50 states

• Provinces

Final conclusions

• Climate

• Aggregates

• Are part of the local conditions

• AC is more universal

• Not the HMA

Final conclusions•

Final conclusions• Future

• End performances specifications

• Partnership between DOT and industry

• Quality in both sides

Thanks

• Michel PARADIS MTQ

• Jean Guy CLEMENT SINTRA

• Jerry HALLORAN BARRETT PAVING

• To all of you for listening

USA-CANADA-FRANCE Comparisons on HMA François CHAIGNON COLAS Inc CUPGA November 2004.

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Transcript of USA-CANADA-FRANCE Comparisons on HMA François CHAIGNON COLAS Inc CUPGA November 2004.