U.S. Standard 8Tensions between the North and South

Essential Question (U.S. Standard 8)

•Explain the relationship between growing North-South divisions and westward expansion.

Essential Question (Indicator 8A)

•Explain how slavery became a significant issue in American politics; including the rise of abolitionism (William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglas).

AbolitionismAbolitionism

• William Lloyd Garrison published an abolitionist newspaper entitled The Liberator and called for the ______________ and complete abolition of slavery

• Frederick Douglas

1. worked as an _______ slave

2. published a _________

3. lectured about the evils

of _________

urban

newspaper

immediate

slavery

Essential Question (Indicator 8B)

•Explain the Missouri Compromise, and the issue of slavery in western states and territories.

1820-1821

1.Missouri joined the Union as a slave state.

2.Maine entered as a free state.

3.North of 36 30’ slavery was banned forever. South of 36 30’ slavery was permitted.

The result was that the balance of free and ___________ states was maintained.slave

Essential Question (Indicator 8C)

•Describe the Nullification Crisis and the emergence of states’ rights ideology, including the role of John C. Calhoun, and the development of sectionalism.

• South Carolina Ordinance became synonymous with the _______________ issue.

• SC feared that the Federal government would impose taxes that might eventually end ______________.

Nullification CrisisNullification Crisis

• Consequently, they overwhelmingly passed the Nullification Ordinance – which claimed the Tariff Acts of 1828 & 1832 as ________________ & forbade the collection of duties after Feb. 1, 1833.

• Calhoun felt that states had the power of nullification because states created the __________ government.

nullification

national

unconstitutional

slavery

• Calhoun resigned as ______ to become a SC Senator.

• Pres. Jackson ____________ Calhoun & called the others “Traitors”.

Nullification CrisisNullification Crisis

• Dec. 4, 1832, Jackson stated that he would ___________ the tariff, but Congress lowered the rates, again.

• Dec. 10, 1832 – Nullification Proclamation – Pres. Jackson stated that nullification is an “impractical absurdity” & that SC has no right to supercede the _____________ of the US.Constitution

enforce

threatened

VP

• Force Bill – 1833 – Pres. Jackson requests this bill from Congress that would allow the use of the US Army to “____________” compliance of Federal law in SC.

• Jackson had already sent Gen. Winfield Scott to Charleston with a ____________ , 7 revenue cutters & soldiers. (__________ Congress approved the Force Bill)

• Clay’s Compromise – Feb. 12, 1833 – Henry Clay made the proposal that the Tariff of 1833 would _____________ gradually until 1842.

Nullification CrisisNullification Crisis

warshipbefore

reduce

Force

• March 1, 1833 – Congress passed the Compromise & the Force Bill & Pres. Jackson _____________ them both.

Nullification CrisisNullification Crisis

• SC rescinded the _________________ of the Tariff Acts & the Force Bill.

• Both SC & Jackson claimed _____________. SC gets the tariffs reduced & Jackson preserved the _______________.

signed

Nullification

victory

Union

Who published Who published The Liberator The Liberator and and believed in the immediate and believed in the immediate and complete abolition of slavery?complete abolition of slavery?

1. The Grimke sisters

2. William Lloyd Garrison

3. Nat Turner

4. Frederick Douglass

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The new Republican Party believed that The new Republican Party believed that the people of a territory should decide the people of a territory should decide

whether or not to allow slavery.whether or not to allow slavery.

1. True

2. False

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This was a former slave who learned how to read This was a former slave who learned how to read and write and founded the abolitionist newspaper and write and founded the abolitionist newspaper

called, the North Star.called, the North Star.1. Nat Turner

2. William Lloyd Garrison

3. John Brown

4. Frederick Douglas

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The Missouri Compromise did The Missouri Compromise did all of the following EXCEPTall of the following EXCEPT

1. Maine became a free state

2. Missouri became a slave state

3. Opened all the territories to slavery

4. Preserved the balance of free and slave states

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John C. Calhoun believed that state governments John C. Calhoun believed that state governments had a right to declare federal laws had a right to declare federal laws

unconstitutional becauseunconstitutional because

1. They were elected by the people

2. They spoke more directly to the people

3. They had created the national government

4. They existed before the National government

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Jackson did not accept Jackson did not accept “nullification” because he believed it“nullification” because he believed it

1. threatened the federal government’s power and authority

2. gave Congress too much power over the states

3. took away powers from the state governments

4. made the federal government too powerful

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Essential Question (Indicator 8D)

•Describe the War with Mexico and the Wilmot Proviso.

The U.S. Declares WarThe U.S. Declares War

• Polk wanted to take military action against Mexico because they refused his ___ million offer to buy the disputed territory. In 1845, Americans sent an exploration party into ____________.

• As a result, Mexico sent troops across the ____ _______ into Texas.

• Mexicans killed ____ American soldiers.• Polk asked Congress to declare war ending his

speech with “American _______ has been shed on American soil!” He used the Mexican attack on Zachary Taylor’s forces as grounds for this.

California

15

9Grande

Rio

bloodblood

Immediate Cause of the WarImmediate Cause of the War

. . . a dispute about the _______ of Texas.border

The War BeginsThe War Begins

• General Stephen Kearny marched his ______ into Santa Fe, New Mexico.

• U.S. forces took the area without firing a _____. New Mexico asked to _____ the United States.

soldiers

shot

join

War with MexicoWar with Mexico

• American troops then moved into ________ and won numerous military victories.

• Mexican soldiers fought gallantly, but had poor __________.

• On the other hand, U.S. soldiers served under ________ leaders such as Generals Zachary Taylor and Winfield Scott

Zachary Taylor

Winfield Scott

Mexico

leadership

capable

War with MexicoWar with Mexico

War with Mexico EndsWar with Mexico Ends

• In 1848, Mexico and the U.S. signed the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo __________ the war.

• Under the treaty, Mexico handed nearly ½ of its land to the U.S. including present-day California, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, most of Arizona, and parts of Colorado and Wyoming for $____ million.

• As a result of its war with Mexico, the U.S. grew by one- _____.

ended

15

third

The Wilmot ProvisoThe Wilmot Proviso• An 1846 amendment to a bill stipulating that ______ of

the territory acquired in the Mexican War should be open to slavery. The amended bill was passed in the House twice, but was never approved in the _______.

• The Proviso created great __________ between North and South and helped crystallize the conflict over the extension of slavery.

• In the election of 1848 the terms of the Proviso, a definite challenge to proslavery groups, were ignored by the Whig and Democratic parties but were adopted by the ____-_____ party. Later the __________ party also favored excluding slavery from new territories.

RepublicanSoilFree

bitterness

Senate

none

Essential Question (Indicator 8E)

•Explain the Compromise of 1850.

Henry Clay proposed the compromise of 1850 to avoid a _______ war over the issue of slavery.Civil

Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850

• Admission of California as a free state

• New Mexico and Utah would be organized as territories open to slavery (popular sovereignty)

• The slave trade, but not slavery, would be abolished in Washington, D.C.

• Included a strong fugitive slave law

The result was that the ____________ of free and slave states was maintained.

balance

President Polk wanted Mexico to take President Polk wanted Mexico to take military action against the U.S. in the military action against the U.S. in the

1840’s because1840’s because1. Mexico would have to

buy their gunpowder from the U.S.

2. Mexico wouldn’t accept his offer to buy Mexico.

3. Mexico wouldn’t enter the Industrial Revolution.

4. Polk thought the U.S. was better at defense than offense.

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Polk used this as grounds for Polk used this as grounds for declaring war against Mexicodeclaring war against Mexico

1. Nonpayment of debts

2. Declaration of the border

3. Attack on Zachary Taylor’s forces

4. Annexation of Texas

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The Wilmot Proviso proposed that The Wilmot Proviso proposed that slavery should be banned fromslavery should be banned from

1. California only

2. All the territories won from Mexico

3. The entire nation

4. The District of Columbia

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The Compromise of 1850 did all The Compromise of 1850 did all of the following EXCEPTof the following EXCEPT

1. California became a free state

2. New Mexico became a slave state

3. Introduced the concept of “popular sovereignty”

4. Preserved the balance of free and slave states

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Henry Clay proposed the Henry Clay proposed the Compromise of 1850 toCompromise of 1850 to

1. Gain popularity in his campaign for the presidency

2. Gain revenge on Daniel Webster

3. Upset the balance of power in the Senate

4. Keep the U.S. out of Civil War

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According to popular sovereignty, the question of According to popular sovereignty, the question of whether or not slavery would be allowed in a whether or not slavery would be allowed in a

territory would be decided byterritory would be decided by

1. Residents of the territory

2. The Senate

3. The House of Representatives

4. The President

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