Us Navy Rev-6 Air Tables

9-62 U.S. Navy Diving Manual Volume 2

Table 9-7. No-Decompression Limits and Repetitive Group Designators for No-Decompression Air Dives .

Depth (fsw)

No-Stop Limit

Repetitive Group DesignationA B C D E F G H I J K L M N O Z

10 Unlimited 57 101 158 245 426 *

15 Unlimited 36 60 88 121 163 217 297 449 *

20 Unlimited 26 43 61 82 106 133 165 205 256 330 461 *

25 595 20 33 47 62 78 97 117 140 166 198 236 285 354 469 595

30 371 17 27 38 50 62 76 91 107 125 145 167 193 223 260 307 371

35 232 14 23 32 42 52 63 74 87 100 115 131 148 168 190 215 232

40 163 12 20 27 36 44 53 63 73 84 95 108 121 135 151 163

45 125 11 17 24 31 39 46 55 63 72 82 92 102 114 125

50 92 9 15 21 28 34 41 48 56 63 71 80 89 92

55 74 8 14 19 25 31 37 43 50 56 63 71 74

60 60 7 12 17 22 28 33 39 45 51 57 60

70 48 6 10 14 19 23 28 32 37 42 47 48

80 39 5 9 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 39

90 30 4 7 11 14 17 21 24 28 30

100 25 4 6 9 12 15 18 21 25

110 20 3 6 8 11 14 16 19 20

120 15 3 5 7 10 12 15

130 10 2 4 6 9 10

140 10 2 4 6 8 10

150 5 2 3 5

160 5 3 5

170 5 4 5

180 5 4 5

190 5 3 5

* Highest repetitive group that can be achieved at this depth regardless of bottom time.

CHAPTER 9Air Decompression 9-63

Table 9-8. Residual Nitrogen Time Table for Repetitive Air Dives .

Repet

itive G

roup a

t Begi

nning

of Su

rface

Interv

al

Locatethediversrepetitivegroupdesignationfromhispreviousdivealongthediagonallineabovethetable .Readhorizontallytotheintervalinwhichthediverssurfaceintervallies .

Next,readverticallydownwardtothenewrepetitivegroupdesignation .Continuedownwardinthissamecolumntotherowthatrepresentsthedepthoftherepetitivedive .Thetimegivenattheintersectionisresidualnitrogentime,inminutes,tobeappliedtotherepetitivedive .

*Divesfollowingsurfaceintervalslongerthanthisarenotrepetitivedives .UseactualbottomtimesintheAirDecompressionTablestocomputedecompressionforsuchdives .

A :102:20*

B :10 1:171:16 3:36*

C :10 :56 2:12:55 2:11 4:31*

D :10 :53 1:48 3:04:52 1:47 3:03 5:23*

E :10 :53 1:45 2:40 3:56:52 1:44 2:39 3:55 6:15*

F :10 :53 1:45 2:38 3:32 4:49:52 1:44 2:37 3:31 4:48 7:08*

G :10 :53 1:45 2:38 3:30 4:24 5:41:52 1:44 2:37 3:29 4:23 5:40 8:00*

H :10 :53 1:45 2:38 3:30 4:22 5:17 6:33:52 1:44 2:37 3:29 4:21 5:16 6:32 8:52*

I :10 :53 1:45 2:38 3:30 4:22 5:14 6:09 7:25:52 1:44 2:37 3:29 4:21 5:13 6:08 7:24 9:44*

J :10 :53 1:45 2:38 3:30 4:22 5:14 6:07 7:01 8:17:52 1:44 2:37 3:29 4:21 5:13 6:06 7:00 8:16 10:36*

K :10 :53 1:45 2:38 3:30 4:22 5:14 6:07 6:59 7:53 9:10:52 1:44 2:37 3:29 4:21 5:13 6:06 6:58 7:52 9:09 11:29*

L :10 :53 1:45 2:38 3:30 4:22 5:14 6:07 6:59 7:51 8:45 10:02:52 1:44 2:37 3:29 4:21 5:13 6:06 6:58 7:50 8:44 10:01 12:21*

M :10 :53 1:45 2:38 3:30 4:22 5:14 6:07 6:59 7:51 8:43 9:38 10:54:52 1:44 2:37 3:29 4:21 5:13 6:06 6:58 7:50 8:42 9:37 10:53 13:13*

N :10 :53 1:45 2:38 3:30 4:22 5:14 6:07 6:59 7:51 8:43 9:35 10:30 11:46:52 1:44 2:37 3:29 4:21 5:13 6:06 6:58 7:50 8:42 9:34 10:29 11:45 14:05*

O :10 :53 1:45 2:38 3:30 4:22 5:14 6:07 6:59 7:51 8:43 9:35 10:28 11:22 12:38:52 1:44 2:37 3:29 4:21 5:13 6:06 6:58 7:50 8:42 9:34 10:27 11:21 12:37 14:58*

Z :10 :53 1:45 2:38 3:30 4:22 5:14 6:07 6:59 7:51 8:43 9:35 10:28 11:20 12:14 13:31:52 1:44 2:37 3:29 4:21 5:13 6:06 6:58 7:50 8:42 9:34 10:27 11:19 12:13 13:30 15:50*

Dive Depth

Z O N M L K J I H G F E D C B ARepetitive Group at the End of the Surface Interval

10 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 427 246 159 101 5815 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 450 298 218 164 122 89 61 3720 ** ** ** ** ** 462 331 257 206 166 134 106 83 62 44 2725 470 354 286 237 198 167 141 118 98 79 63 48 34 2130 372 308 261 224 194 168 146 126 108 92 77 63 51 39 28 1835 245 216 191 169 149 132 116 101 88 75 64 53 43 33 24 1540 188 169 152 136 122 109 97 85 74 64 55 45 37 29 21 1345 154 140 127 115 104 93 83 73 64 56 48 40 32 25 18 1250 131 120 109 99 90 81 73 65 57 49 42 35 29 23 17 1155 114 105 96 88 80 72 65 58 51 44 38 32 26 20 15 1060 101 93 86 79 72 65 58 52 46 40 35 29 24 19 14 970 83 77 71 65 59 54 49 44 39 34 29 25 20 16 12 880 70 65 60 55 51 46 42 38 33 29 25 22 18 14 10 790 61 57 52 48 44 41 37 33 29 26 22 19 16 12 9 6100 54 50 47 43 40 36 33 30 26 23 20 17 14 11 8 5110 48 45 42 39 36 33 30 27 24 21 18 16 13 10 8 5120 44 41 38 35 32 30 27 24 22 19 17 14 12 9 7 5130 40 37 35 32 30 27 25 22 20 18 15 13 11 9 6 4140 37 34 32 30 27 25 23 21 19 16 14 12 10 8 6 4150 34 32 30 28 26 23 21 19 17 15 13 11 9 8 6 4160 32 30 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 13 11 9 7 5 4170 30 28 26 24 22 21 19 17 15 14 12 10 8 7 5 3180 28 26 25 23 21 19 18 16 14 13 11 10 8 6 5 3190 26 25 23 22 20 18 17 15 14 12 11 9 8 6 5 3

Residual Nitrogen Times (Minutes)

**ResidualNitrogenTimecannotbedeterminedusingthistable(seeparagraph9-9 .1subparagraph8forinstructions) . Readverticallydownwardtothe30fswrepetitivedivedepth .Usethecorrespondingresidualnitrogentimestocomputethe

equivalentsingledivetime .Decompressusingthe30fswairdecompressiontable .


Table 9-9. Air Decompression Table .(DESCENTRATE75FPMASCENTRATE30FPM)

Bottom Time (min)

Time to First

Stop(M:S) Gas Mix

DECOMPRESSION STOPS (FSW)Stoptimes(min)includetraveltime,exceptfirstairandfirstO2stop

Total Ascent Time(M:S)

Chamber O2

PeriodsRepet Group100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20

30 FSW371 1:00 AIR 0 1:00 0 Z

AIR/O2 0 1:00380 0:20 AIR 5 6:00 0 .5 Z

AIR/O2 1 2:00In-WaterAir/O2DecompressionorSurDO2Recommended--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

420 0:20 AIR 22 23:00 0 .5 ZAIR/O2 5 6:00

480 0:20 AIR 42 43:00 0 .5AIR/O2 9 10:00

540 0:20 AIR 71 72:00 1AIR/O2 14 15:00

ExceptionalExposure:In-WaterAirDecompression-------------In-WaterAir/O2DecompressionorSurDO2Required-----------600 0:20 AIR 92 93:00 1

AIR/O2 19 20:00660 0:20 AIR 120 121:00 1

AIR/O2 22 23:00720 0:20 AIR 158 159:00 1

AIR/O2 27 28:00

35 FSW232 1:10 AIR 0 1:10 0 Z

AIR/O2 0 1:10240 0:30 AIR 4 5:10 0 .5 Z


270 0:30 AIR 28 29:10 0 .5 ZAIR/O2 7 8:10

300 0:30 AIR 53 54:10 0 .5 ZAIR/O2 13 14:10

330 0:30 AIR 71 72:10 1 ZAIR/O2 18 19:10

360 0:30 AIR 88 89:10 1AIR/O2 22 23:10

ExceptionalExposure:In-WaterAirDecompression-------------In-WaterAir/O2DecompressionorSurDO2Required-----------420 0:30 AIR 134 135:10 1 .5

AIR/O2 29 30:10480 0:30 AIR 173 174:10 1 .5

AIR/O2 38 44:10540 0:30 AIR 228 229:10 2

AIR/O2 45 51:10600 0:30 AIR 277 278:10 2

AIR/O2 53 59:10660 0:30 AIR 314 315:10 2 .5

AIR/O2 63 69:10720 0:30 AIR 342 343:10 3

AIR/O2 71 82:10


Bottom Time (min)

Time to First

Stop(M:S) Gas Mix



Chamber O2


40 FSW163 1:20 AIR 0 1:20 0 O

AIR/O2 0 1:20170 0:40 AIR 6 7:20 0 .5 O

AIR/O2 2 3:20180 0:40 AIR 14 15:20 0 .5 Z


190 0:40 AIR 21 22:20 0 .5 ZAIR/O2 7 8:20

200 0:40 AIR 27 28:20 0 .5 ZAIR/O2 9 10:20

210 0:40 AIR 39 40:20 0 .5 ZAIR/O2 11 12:20

220 0:40 AIR 52 53:20 0 .5 ZAIR/O2 12 13:20

230 0:40 AIR 64 65:20 1 ZAIR/O2 16 17:20

240 0:40 AIR 75 76:20 1 ZAIR/O2 19 20:20

ExceptionalExposure:In-WaterAirDecompression-------------In-WaterAir/O2DecompressionorSurDO2Required-----------270 0:40 AIR 101 102:20 1 Z

AIR/O2 26 27:20300 0:40 AIR 128 129:20 1 .5

AIR/O2 33 34:20330 0:40 AIR 160 161:20 1 .5

AIR/O2 38 44:20360 0:40 AIR 184 185:20 2

AIR/O2 44 50:20420 0:40 AIR 248 249:20 2 .5

AIR/O2 56 62:20480 0:40 AIR 321 322:20 2 .5

AIR/O2 68 79:20ExceptionalExposure:In-WaterAir/02Decompression-------------SurDO2Required-------------------------------------------------------

540 0:40 AIR 372 373:20 3AIR/O2 80 91:20

600 0:40 AIR 410 411:20 3 .5AIR/O2 93 104:20

660 0:40 AIR 439 440:20 4AIR/O2 103 119:20

ExceptionalExposure:SurDO2----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------720 0:40 AIR 461 462:20 4 .5

AIR/O2 112 128:20

Table 9-9. Air Decompression Table (Continued) .(DESCENTRATE75FPMASCENTRATE30FPM)


Bottom Time (min)

Time to First

Stop(M:S) Gas Mix



Chamber O2


45 FSW125 1:30 AIR 0 1:30 0 N

AIR/O2 0 1:30130 0:50 AIR 2 3:30 0 .5 O

AIR/O2 1 2:30140 0:50 AIR 14 15:30 0 .5 O


150 0:50 AIR 25 26:30 0 .5 ZAIR/O2 8 9:30

160 0:50 AIR 34 35:30 0 .5 ZAIR/O2 11 12:30

170 0:50 AIR 41 42:30 1 ZAIR/O2 14 15:30

180 0:50 AIR 59 60:30 1 ZAIR/O2 17 18:30

190 0:50 AIR 75 76:30 1 ZAIR/O2 19 20:30


AIR/O2 23 24:30210 0:50 AIR 101 102:30 1 Z

AIR/O2 27 28:30220 0:50 AIR 112 113:30 1 .5 Z

AIR/O2 30 31:30230 0:50 AIR 121 122:30 1 .5 Z

AIR/O2 33 34:30240 0:50 AIR 130 131:30 1 .5 Z

AIR/O2 37 43:30270 0:50 AIR 173 174:30 2

AIR/O2 45 51:30300 0:50 AIR 206 207:30 2

AIR/O2 51 57:30330 0:50 AIR 243 244:30 2 .5

AIR/O2 61 67:30360 0:50 AIR 288 289:30 3


420 0:50 AIR 373 374:30 3 .5AIR/O2 84 95:30

480 0:50 AIR 431 432:30 4AIR/O2 101 117:30


AIR/O2 117 133:30



Bottom Time (min)

Time to First

Stop(M:S) Gas Mix



Chamber O2


50 FSW92 1:40 AIR 0 1:40 0 M

AIR/O2 0 1:4095 1:00 AIR 2 3:40 0 .5 M

AIR/O2 1 2:40100 1:00 AIR 4 5:40 0 .5 N

AIR/O2 2 3:40110 1:00 AIR 8 9:40 0 .5 O


120 1:00 AIR 21 22:40 0 .5 OAIR/O2 7 8:40

130 1:00 AIR 34 35:40 0 .5 ZAIR/O2 12 13:40

140 1:00 AIR 45 46:40 1 ZAIR/O2 16 17:40

150 1:00 AIR 56 57:40 1 ZAIR/O2 19 20:40

160 1:00 AIR 78 79:40 1 ZAIR/O2 23 24:40


AIR/O2 26 27:40180 1:00 AIR 111 112:40 1 .5 Z

AIR/O2 30 31:40190 1:00 AIR 125 126:40 1 .5 Z

AIR/O2 35 36:40200 1:00 AIR 136 137:40 1 .5 Z

AIR/O2 39 45:40210 1:00 AIR 147 148:40 2

AIR/O2 43 49:40220 1:00 AIR 166 167:40 2

AIR/O2 47 53:40230 1:00 AIR 183 184:40 2

AIR/O2 50 56:40240 1:00 AIR 198 199:40 2

AIR/O2 53 59:40270 1:00 AIR 236 237:40 2 .5

AIR/O2 62 68:40300 1:00 AIR 285 286:40 3

AIR/O2 74 85:40ExceptionalExposure:In-WaterAir/O2Decompression-------------SurDO2Required-------------------------------------------------------

330 1:00 AIR 345 346:40 3 .5AIR/O2 83 94:40

360 1:00 AIR 393 394:40 3 .5AIR/O2 92 103:40


AIR/O2 113 129:40



Bottom Time (min)

Time to First

Stop(M:S) Gas Mix



Chamber O2


55 FSW74 1:50 AIR 0 1:50 0 L

AIR/O2 0 1:5075 1:10 AIR 1 2:50 0 .5 L

AIR/O2 1 2:5080 1:10 AIR 4 5:50 0 .5 M

AIR/O2 2 3:5090 1:10 AIR 10 11:50 0 .5 N


100 1:10 AIR 17 18:50 0 .5 OAIR/O2 8 9:50

110 1:10 AIR 34 35:50 0 .5 OAIR/O2 12 13:50

120 1:10 AIR 48 49:50 1 ZAIR/O2 17 18:50

130 1:10 AIR 59 60:50 1 ZAIR/O2 22 23:50

140 1:10 AIR 84 85:50 1 ZAIR/O2 26 27:50

ExceptionalExposure:In-WaterAirDecompression-------------In-WaterAir/O2DecompressionorSurDO2Required-----------150 1:10 AIR 105 106:50 1 .5 Z

AIR/O2 30 31:50160 1:10 AIR 123 124:50 1 .5 Z

AIR/O2 34 35:50170 1:10 AIR 138 139:50 1 .5 Z

AIR/O2 40 46:50180 1:10 AIR 151 152:50 2 Z

AIR/O2 45 51:50190 1:10 AIR 169 170:50 2

AIR/O2 50 56:50200 1:10 AIR 190 191:50 2

AIR/O2 54 60:50210 1:10 AIR 208 209:50 2 .5

AIR/O2 58 64:50220 1:10 AIR 224 225:50 2 .5

AIR/O2 62 68:50230 1:10 AIR 239 240:50 2 .5

AIR/O2 66 77:50240 1:10 AIR 254 255:50 3


270 1:10 AIR 313 314:50 3 .5AIR/O2 83 94:50

300 1:10 AIR 380 381:50 3 .5AIR/O2 94 105:50

330 1:10 AIR 432 433:50 4AIR/O2 106 122:50


AIR/O2 118 134:50



Bottom Time (min)

Time to First

Stop(M:S) Gas Mix



Chamber O2


60 FSW60 2:00 AIR 0 2:00 0 K

AIR/O2 0 2:0065 1:20 AIR 2 4:00 0 .5 L

AIR/O2 1 3:0070 1:20 AIR 7 9:00 0 .5 L

AIR/O2 4 6:0080 1:20 AIR 14 16:00 0 .5 N


90 1:20 AIR 23 25:00 0 .5 OAIR/O2 10 12:00

100 1:20 AIR 42 44:00 1 ZAIR/O2 15 17:00

110 1:20 AIR 57 59:00 1 ZAIR/O2 21 23:00

120 1:20 AIR 75 77:00 1 ZAIR/O2 26 28:00


AIR/O2 31 33:00140 1:20 AIR 124 126:00 1 .5 Z

AIR/O2 35 37:00150 1:20 AIR 143 145:00 2 Z

AIR/O2 41 48:00160 1:20 AIR 158 160:00 2 Z

AIR/O2 48 55:00170 1:20 AIR 178 180:00 2

AIR/O2 53 60:00180 1:20 AIR 201 203:00 2 .5

AIR/O2 59 66:00190 1:20 AIR 222 224:00 2 .5

AIR/O2 64 71:00200 1:20 AIR 240 242:00 2 .5

AIR/O2 68 80:00210 1:20 AIR 256 258:00 3

AIR/O2 73 85:00220 1:20 AIR 278 280:00 3


230 1:20 AIR 300 302:00 3 .5AIR/O2 82 94:00

240 1:20 AIR 321 323:00 3 .5AIR/O2 88 100:00

270 1:20 AIR 398 400:00 4AIR/O2 102 119:00


AIR/O2 115 132:00



Bottom Time (min)

Time to First

Stop(M:S) Gas Mix



Chamber O2


70 FSW48 2:20 AIR 0 2:20 0 K

AIR/O2 0 2:2050 1:40 AIR 2 4:20 0 .5 K

AIR/O2 1 3:2055 1:40 AIR 9 11:20 0 .5 L

AIR/O2 5 7:2060 1:40 AIR 14 16:20 0 .5 M


70 1:40 AIR 24 26:20 0 .5 NAIR/O2 13 15:20

80 1:40 AIR 44 46:20 1 OAIR/O2 17 19:20

90 1:40 AIR 64 66:20 1 ZAIR/O2 24 26:20

100 1:40 AIR 88 90:20 1 .5 ZAIR/O2 31 33:20


AIR/O2 38 45:20120 1:40 AIR 145 147:20 2 Z

AIR/O2 44 51:20130 1:40 AIR 167 169:20 2 Z

AIR/O2 51 58:20140 1:40 AIR 189 191:20 2 .5

AIR/O2 59 66:20150 1:40 AIR 219 221:20 2 .5

AIR/O2 66 78:20160 1:20 AIR 1 244 247:00 3

AIR/O2 1 72 85:00ExceptionalExposure:In-WaterAir/02Decompression-------------SurDO2Required-------------------------------------------------------

170 1:20 AIR 2 265 269:00 3AIR/O2 1 78 91:00

180 1:20 AIR 4 289 295:00 3 .5AIR/O2 2 83 97:00

190 1:20 AIR 5 316 323:00 3 .5AIR/O2 3 88 103:00

200 1:20 AIR 9 345 356:00 4AIR/O2 5 93 115:00

210 1:20 AIR 13 378 393:00 4AIR/O2 7 98 122:00

ExceptionalExposure:SurDO2----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------240 1:20 AIR 25 454 481:00 5

AIR/O2 13 110 140:00



Bottom Time (min)

Time to First

Stop(M:S) Gas Mix



Chamber O2


80 FSW39 2:40 AIR 0 2:40 0 J

AIR/O2 0 2:4040 2:00 AIR 1 3:40 0 .5 J

AIR/O2 1 3:4045 2:00 AIR 10 12:40 0 .5 K


50 2:00 AIR 17 19:40 0 .5 MAIR/O2 9 11:40

55 2:00 AIR 24 26:40 0 .5 MAIR/O2 13 15:40

60 2:00 AIR 30 32:40 1 NAIR/O2 16 18:40

70 2:00 AIR 54 56:40 1 OAIR/O2 22 24:40

80 2:00 AIR 77 79:40 1 .5 ZAIR/O2 30 32:40


AIR/O2 39 46:40100 1:40 AIR 1 147 150:20 2 Z

AIR/O2 1 46 54:20110 1:40 AIR 6 171 179:20 2 Z

AIR/O2 3 51 61:20120 1:40 AIR 10 200 212:20 2 .5

AIR/O2 5 59 71:20130 1:40 AIR 14 232 248:20 3


140 1:40 AIR 17 258 277:20 3 .5AIR/O2 9 73 94:20

150 1:40 AIR 19 285 306:20 3 .5AIR/O2 10 80 102:20

160 1:40 AIR 21 318 341:20 4AIR/O2 11 86 114:20

170 1:40 AIR 27 354 383:20 4AIR/O2 14 90 121:20

ExceptionalExposure:SurDO2----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------180 1:40 AIR 33 391 426:20 4 .5

AIR/O2 17 96 130:20210 1:40 AIR 50 474 526:20 5

AIR/O2 26 110 158:20



Bottom Time (min)

Time to First

Stop(M:S) Gas Mix



Chamber O2


90 FSW30 3:00 AIR 0 3:00 0 I

AIR/O2 0 3:0035 2:20 AIR 4 7:00 0 .5 J

AIR/O2 2 5:0040 2:20 AIR 14 17:00 0 .5 L


45 2:20 AIR 23 26:00 0 .5 MAIR/O2 12 15:00

50 2:20 AIR 31 34:00 1 NAIR/O2 17 20:00

55 2:20 AIR 39 42:00 1 OAIR/O2 21 24:00

60 2:20 AIR 56 59:00 1 OAIR/O2 24 27:00

70 2:20 AIR 83 86:00 1 .5 ZAIR/O2 32 35:00

ExceptionalExposure:In-WaterAirDecompression-------------In-WaterAir/O2DecompressionorSurDO2Required-----------80 2:00 AIR 5 125 132:40 2 Z

AIR/O2 3 40 50:4090 2:00 AIR 13 158 173:40 2 Z

AIR/O2 7 46 60:40100 2:00 AIR 19 185 206:40 2 .5

AIR/O2 10 53 70:40110 2:00 AIR 25 224 251:40 3


120 1:40 AIR 1 29 256 288:20 3 .5AIR/O2 1 15 70 98:40

130 1:40 AIR 5 28 291 326:20 3 .5AIR/O2 5 15 78 110:40

140 1:40 AIR 8 28 330 368:20 4AIR/O2 8 15 86 126:40

ExceptionalExposure:SurDO2----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------150 1:40 AIR 11 34 378 425:20 4 .5

AIR/O2 11 17 94 139:40160 1:40 AIR 13 40 418 473:20 4 .5

AIR/O2 13 21 100 151:40170 1:40 AIR 15 45 451 513:20 5

AIR/O2 15 23 106 166:40180 1:40 AIR 16 51 479 548:20 5 .5

AIR/O2 16 26 112 176:40240 1:40 AIR 42 68 592 704:20 7 .5

AIR/O2 42 34 159 267:00



Bottom Time (min)

Time to First

Stop(M:S) Gas Mix



Chamber O2


100 FSW25 3:20 AIR 0 3:20 0 H

AIR/O2 0 3:2030 2:40 AIR 3 6:20 0 .5 J

AIR/O2 2 5:2035 2:40 AIR 15 18:20 0 .5 L


40 2:40 AIR 26 29:20 1 MAIR/O2 14 17:20

45 2:40 AIR 36 39:20 1 NAIR/O2 19 22:20

50 2:40 AIR 47 50:20 1 OAIR/O2 24 27:20

55 2:40 AIR 65 68:20 1 .5 ZAIR/O2 28 31:20

60 2:40 AIR 81 84:20 1 .5 ZAIR/O2 33 35:20

ExceptionalExposure:In-WaterAirDecompression-------------In-WaterAir/O2DecompressionorSurDO2Required-----------70 2:20 AIR 11 124 138:00 2 Z

AIR/O2 6 39 53:0080 2:20 AIR 21 160 184:00 2 .5 Z

AIR/O2 11 45 64:0090 2:00 AIR 2 28 196 228:40 2 .5

AIR/O2 2 15 52 82:00ExceptionalExposure:In-WaterAir/02Decompression-------------SurDO2Required-------------------------------------------------------

100 2:00 AIR 9 28 241 280:40 3AIR/O2 9 14 66 102:00

110 2:00 AIR 14 28 278 322:40 3 .5AIR/O2 14 15 75 117:00

120 2:00 AIR 19 28 324 373:40 4AIR/O2 19 15 84 136:00

ExceptionalExposure:SurDO2----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------150 1:40 AIR 3 26 46 461 538:20 5

AIR/O2 3 26 24 108 183:40



Bottom Time (min)

Time to First

Stop(M:S) Gas Mix



Chamber O2


110 FSW20 3:40 AIR 0 3:40 0 H

AIR/O2 0 3:4025 3:00 AIR 3 6:40 0 .5 I

AIR/O2 2 5:4030 3:00 AIR 14 17:40 0 .5 K


35 3:00 AIR 27 30:40 1 MAIR/O2 14 17:40

40 3:00 AIR 39 42:40 1 NAIR/O2 20 23:40

45 3:00 AIR 50 53:40 1 OAIR/O2 26 29:40

50 3:00 AIR 71 74:40 1 .5 ZAIR/O2 31 34:40

ExceptionalExposure:In-WaterAirDecompression-------------In-WaterAir/O2DecompressionorSurDO2Required-----------55 2:40 AIR 5 85 93:20 1 .5 Z

AIR/O2 3 33 44:2060 2:40 AIR 13 111 127:20 2 Z

AIR/O2 7 36 51:2070 2:40 AIR 26 155 184:20 2 .5 Z

AIR/O2 13 43 64:2080 2:20 AIR 9 28 200 240:00 2 .5


90 2:20 AIR 17 29 248 297:00 3 .5AIR/O2 17 15 67 112:20

100 2:20 AIR 25 28 295 351:00 3 .5AIR/O2 25 15 78 131:20

110 2:00 AIR 5 26 28 353 414:40 4AIR/O2 5 26 15 90 154:00

ExceptionalExposure:SurDO2----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------120 2:00 AIR 10 26 35 413 486:40 4 .5

AIR/O2 10 26 18 101 173:00180 1:40 AIR 3 23 47 68 593 736:20 7 .5

AIR/O2 3 23 47 34 159 298:00



Bottom Time (min)

Time to First

Stop(M:S) Gas Mix



Chamber O2


120 FSW15 4:00 AIR 0 4:00 0 F

AIR/O2 0 4:0020 3:20 AIR 2 6:00 0 .5 H

AIR/O2 1 5:0025 3:20 AIR 8 12:00 0 .5 J


30 3:20 AIR 24 28:00 0 .5 LAIR/O2 13 17:00

35 3:20 AIR 38 42:00 1 NAIR/O2 20 24:00

40 3:20 AIR 51 55:00 1 OAIR/O2 27 31:00

45 3:20 AIR 72 76:00 1 .5 ZAIR/O2 33 37:00


AIR/O2 5 33 46:4055 3:00 AIR 19 116 138:40 2 Z

AIR/O2 10 35 53:4060 3:00 AIR 27 142 172:40 2 Z

AIR/O2 14 39 61:4070 2:40 AIR 12 29 189 233:20 2 .5


80 2:40 AIR 24 28 246 301:20 3AIR/O2 24 14 67 118:40

90 2:20 AIR 7 26 28 303 367:00 3 .5AIR/O2 7 26 15 79 140:20

100 2:20 AIR 14 26 28 372 443:00 4AIR/O2 14 26 15 94 167:20

ExceptionalExposure:SurDO2----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------110 2:20 AIR 21 25 38 433 520:00 5

AIR/O2 21 25 20 104 188:20120 2:00 AIR 3 23 25 47 480 580:40 5 .5

AIR/O2 3 23 25 24 113 211:00



Bottom Time (min)

Time to First

Stop(M:S) Gas Mix



Chamber O2


130 FSW10 4:20 AIR 0 4:20 0 E

AIR/O2 0 4:2015 3:40 AIR 1 5:20 0 .5 G

AIR/O2 1 5:2020 3:40 AIR 4 8:20 0 .5 I


25 3:40 AIR 17 21:20 0 .5 KAIR/O2 9 13:20

30 3:40 AIR 34 38:20 1 MAIR/O2 18 22:20

35 3:40 AIR 49 53:20 1 NAIR/O2 26 30:20

40 3:20 AIR 3 67 74:00 1 .5 ZAIR/O2 2 31 37:00


AIR/O2 6 33 48:0050 3:20 AIR 22 116 142:00 2 Z

AIR/O2 11 35 55:0055 3:00 AIR 4 28 145 180:40 2 Z

AIR/O2 4 15 39 67:0060 3:00 AIR 12 28 170 213:40 2 .5 Z


70 2:40 AIR 1 26 28 235 293:20 3AIR/O2 1 26 14 63 117:40

80 2:40 AIR 12 26 28 297 366:20 3 .5AIR/O2 12 26 15 78 144:40

90 2:40 AIR 21 26 28 374 452:20 4AIR/O2 21 26 15 94 174:40

ExceptionalExposure:SurDO2----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------100 2:20 AIR 6 23 26 38 444 540:00 5

AIR/O2 6 23 26 20 106 204:20120 2:20 AIR 17 23 28 57 533 661:00 6

AIR/O2 17 23 28 29 130 255:20180 2:00 AIR 13 21 45 57 94 658 890:40 9

AIR/O2 13 21 45 57 46 198 417:20



Bottom Time (min)

Time to First

Stop(M:S) Gas Mix



Chamber O2


140 FSW10 4:40 AIR 0 4:40 0 E

AIR/O2 0 4:4015 4:00 AIR 2 6:40 0 .5 H

AIR/O2 1 5:4020 4:00 AIR 7 11:40 0 .5 J


25 4:00 AIR 26 30:40 1 LAIR/O2 14 18:40

30 4:00 AIR 44 48:40 1 NAIR/O2 23 27:40

35 3:40 AIR 4 59 67:20 1 .5 OAIR/O2 2 30 36:20


AIR/O2 6 33 48:2045 3:20 AIR 3 21 113 141:00 2 Z

AIR/O2 3 11 34 57:2050 3:20 AIR 7 28 145 184:00 2 Z

AIR/O2 7 14 40 70:2055 3:20 AIR 16 28 171 219:00 2 .5 Z


60 3:00 AIR 2 23 28 209 265:40 3AIR/O2 2 23 15 55 109:00

70 3:00 AIR 14 25 28 276 346:40 3 .5AIR/O2 14 25 15 74 142:00

80 2:40 AIR 2 24 25 29 362 445:20 4AIR/O2 2 24 25 15 91 175:40

ExceptionalExposure:SurDO2----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------90 2:40 AIR 12 23 26 38 443 545:20 5

AIR/O2 12 23 26 19 107 210:40



Bottom Time (min)

Time to First

Stop(M:S) Gas Mix



Chamber O2


150 FSW5 5:00 AIR 0 5:00 0 C

AIR/O2 0 5:0010 4:20 AIR 1 6:00 0 .5 F

AIR/O2 1 6:0015 4:20 AIR 3 8:00 0 .5 H

AIR/O2 2 7:0020 4:20 AIR 14 19:00 0 .5 K


25 4:20 AIR 35 40:00 1 MAIR/O2 19 24:00

30 4:00 AIR 3 51 58:40 1 .5 OAIR/O2 2 26 32:40

35 4:00 AIR 11 72 87:40 1 .5 ZAIR/O2 6 31 46:40

ExceptionalExposure:In-WaterAirDecompression-------------In-WaterAir/O2DecompressionorSurDO2Required-----------40 3:40 AIR 4 18 102 128:20 2 Z

AIR/O2 4 9 34 56:4045 3:40 AIR 10 25 140 179:20 2 Z

AIR/O2 10 13 39 71:4050 3:20 AIR 3 15 28 170 220:00 2 .5 Z

AIR/O2 3 15 15 45 87:20ExceptionalExposure:In-WaterAir/02Decompression-------------SurDO2Required-------------------------------------------------------

55 3:20 AIR 6 22 28 211 271:00 3AIR/O2 6 22 15 56 113:20

60 3:20 AIR 11 26 28 248 317:00 3AIR/O2 11 26 15 66 132:20

70 3:00 AIR 3 24 25 28 330 413:40 4AIR/O2 3 24 25 15 84 170:00

ExceptionalExposure:SurDO2----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------80 3:00 AIR 15 23 26 35 430 532:40 4 .5

AIR/O2 15 23 26 18 104 205:0090 2:40 AIR 3 22 23 26 47 496 620:20 5 .5

AIR/O2 3 22 23 26 24 118 239:40120 2:20 AIR 3 20 22 23 50 75 608 804:00 8

AIR/O2 3 20 22 23 50 37 168 355:40180 2:00 AIR 2 19 20 42 48 79 121 694 1027:40 10 .5

AIR/O2 2 19 20 42 48 79 58 222 537:20



Bottom Time (min)

Time to First

Stop(M:S) Gas Mix



Chamber O2


160 FSW5 5:20 AIR 0 5:20 0 C

AIR/O2 0 5:2010 4:40 AIR 1 6:20 0 .5 F

AIR/O2 1 6:2015 4:40 AIR 5 10:20 0 .5 I


20 4:40 AIR 22 27:20 0 .5 LAIR/O2 12 17:20

25 4:20 AIR 3 41 49:00 1 NAIR/O2 2 21 28:00

30 4:00 AIR 1 8 60 73:40 1 .5 OAIR/O2 1 5 28 39:00

ExceptionalExposure:In-WaterAirDecompression-------------In-WaterAir/O2DecompressionorSurDO2Required-----------35 4:00 AIR 4 14 84 106:40 1 .5 Z

AIR/O2 4 8 32 54:0040 4:00 AIR 12 20 130 166:40 2 Z

AIR/O2 12 11 37 70:0045 3:40 AIR 5 13 28 164 214:20 2 .5 Z


50 3:40 AIR 10 19 28 207 268:20 3AIR/O2 10 19 15 54 112:40

55 3:20 AIR 2 12 26 28 248 320:00 3AIR/O2 2 12 26 14 67 135:20

60 3:20 AIR 5 18 25 29 290 371:00 3 .5AIR/O2 5 18 25 15 77 154:20

ExceptionalExposure:SurDO2----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------70 3:20 AIR 15 23 26 29 399 496:00 4 .5

AIR/O2 15 23 26 15 99 197:2080 3:00 AIR 6 21 24 25 44 482 605:40 5 .5

AIR/O2 6 21 24 25 23 114 237:00



Bottom Time (min)

Time to First

Stop(M:S) Gas Mix



Chamber O2


170 FSW5 5:40 AIR 0 5:40 0 D

AIR/O2 0 5:4010 5:00 AIR 2 7:40 0 .5 G

AIR/O2 1 6:4015 5:00 AIR 7 12:40 0 .5 J


20 4:40 AIR 1 29 35:20 1 LAIR/O2 1 15 21:20

25 4:20 AIR 1 6 46 58:00 1 NAIR/O2 1 4 23 33:20

ExceptionalExposure:In-WaterAirDecompression-------------In-WaterAir/O2DecompressionorSurDO2Required-----------30 4:20 AIR 5 11 72 93:00 1 .5 Z

AIR/O2 5 6 29 45:2035 4:00 AIR 2 9 17 113 145:40 2 Z

AIR/O2 2 9 9 35 65:0040 4:00 AIR 6 13 23 155 201:40 2 .5 Z


45 4:00 AIR 12 16 28 194 254:40 2 .5AIR/O2 12 16 15 51 109:00

50 3:40 AIR 5 12 23 28 243 315:20 3AIR/O2 5 12 23 15 65 134:40

55 3:40 AIR 9 16 25 28 287 369:20 3 .5AIR/O2 9 16 25 15 76 155:40

60 3:20 AIR 2 11 21 26 28 344 436:00 4AIR/O2 2 11 21 26 15 87 181:20

ExceptionalExposure:SurDO2----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------70 3:20 AIR 7 19 24 25 39 454 572:00 5

AIR/O2 7 19 24 25 20 109 228:2080 3:20 AIR 17 22 23 26 53 525 670:00 6

AIR/O2 17 22 23 26 27 128 267:2090 3:00 AIR 7 20 22 23 37 66 574 752:40 7

AIR/O2 7 20 22 23 37 33 148 318:20120 2:40 AIR 9 19 20 22 42 60 94 659 928:20 9

AIR/O2 9 19 20 22 42 60 46 198 454:00180 2:20 AIR 10 18 19 40 43 70 97 156 703 1159:00 11 .5

AIR/O2 10 18 19 40 43 70 97 75 228 648:00



Bottom Time (min)

Time to First

Stop(M:S) Gas Mix



Chamber O2


180 FSW5 6:00 AIR 0 6:00 0 D

AIR/O2 0 6:0010 5:20 AIR 3 9:00 0 .5 G

AIR/O2 2 8:0015 5:20 AIR 11 17:00 0 .5 J


20 5:00 AIR 4 34 43:40 1 MAIR/O2 2 18 25:40

25 4:40 AIR 4 7 54 70:20 1 .5 OAIR/O2 4 4 26 39:40

ExceptionalExposure:In-WaterAirDecompression-------------In-WaterAir/O2DecompressionorSurDO2Required-----------30 4:20 AIR 2 7 14 83 111:00 1 .5 Z

AIR/O2 2 7 7 31 57:2035 4:20 AIR 5 13 19 138 180:00 2 Z


40 4:00 AIR 2 11 12 28 175 232:40 2 .5 ZAIR/O2 2 11 12 14 47 96:00

45 4:00 AIR 7 11 20 28 231 301:40 3AIR/O2 7 11 20 15 61 129:00

50 3:40 AIR 1 11 13 25 28 276 358:20 3 .5AIR/O2 1 11 13 25 15 74 153:40

55 3:40 AIR 5 11 19 26 28 336 429:20 4AIR/O2 5 11 19 26 14 87 181:40

ExceptionalExposure:SurDO2----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------60 3:40 AIR 8 13 24 25 31 405 510:20 4 .5

AIR/O2 8 13 24 25 16 100 205:4070 3:20 AIR 3 13 21 24 25 48 498 636:00 5 .5

AIR/O2 3 13 21 24 25 25 118 253:20



Bottom Time (min)

Time to First

Stop(M:S) Gas Mix



Chamber O2


190 FSW5 6:20 AIR 0 6:20 0 D

AIR/O2 0 6:2010 5:40 AIR 4 10:20 0 .5 H


15 5:40 AIR 17 23:20 0 .5 KAIR/O2 9 15:20

20 5:00 AIR 1 7 37 50:40 1 NAIR/O2 1 4 19 30:00

25 4:40 AIR 2 6 9 67 89:20 1 .5 ZAIR/O2 2 6 5 28 46:40

ExceptionalExposure:In-WaterAirDecompression-------------In-WaterAir/O2DecompressionorSurDO2Required-----------30 4:40 AIR 6 8 14 111 144:20 2 Z

AIR/O2 6 8 8 35 67:4035 4:20 AIR 3 8 13 22 160 211:00 2 .5 Z

AIR/O2 3 8 13 12 44 90:20ExceptionalExposure:In-WaterAir/02Decompression-------------SurDO2Required-------------------------------------------------------

40 4:20 AIR 7 12 14 29 210 277:00 3AIR/O2 7 12 14 15 56 119:20

45 4:00 AIR 2 11 12 23 28 262 342:40 3 .5AIR/O2 2 11 12 23 15 70 148:00

50 4:00 AIR 7 11 16 26 28 321 413:40 4AIR/O2 7 11 16 26 15 83 178:00

ExceptionalExposure:SurDO2----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------55 3:40 AIR 2 10 10 24 25 30 396 501:20 4 .5

AIR/O2 2 10 10 24 25 16 98 204:4060 3:40 AIR 5 10 16 24 25 40 454 578:20 5

AIR/O2 5 10 16 24 25 21 108 233:4090 3:20 AIR 11 19 20 21 28 51 83 626 863:00 8 .5

AIR/O2 11 19 20 21 28 51 42 177 408:40120 3:00 AIR 15 17 19 20 37 46 79 113 691 1040:40 10 .5

AIR/O2 15 17 19 20 37 46 79 55 219 550:20



Bottom Time (min)

Time to First

Stop(M:S) Gas Mix



Chamber O2


200 FSWExceptionalExposure---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5 6:00 AIR 1 7:40 0 .5AIR/O2 1 7:40

10 6:00 AIR 2 8:40 0 .5AIR/O2 1 7:40

15 5:40 AIR 2 22 30:20 0 .5AIR/O2 1 11 18:20

20 5:20 AIR 5 6 43 60:00 1AIR/O2 5 4 21 36:20

25 5:00 AIR 5 6 11 78 105:40 1 .5AIR/O2 5 6 6 29 52:00

30 4:40 AIR 4 5 11 18 136 179:20 2AIR/O2 4 5 11 9 40 79:40

35 4:20 AIR 1 6 10 13 26 179 240:00 2 .5AIR/O2 1 6 10 13 13 49 102:20

40 4:20 AIR 3 10 12 18 28 243 319:00 3AIR/O2 3 10 12 18 15 65 138:20

45 4:20 AIR 8 11 12 26 28 300 390:00 3 .5AIR/O2 8 11 12 26 15 79 166:20

50 4:00 AIR 3 10 11 20 26 28 377 479:40 4 .5AIR/O2 3 10 11 20 26 15 95 200:00


5 6:20 AIR 1 8:00 0 .5AIR/O2 1 8:00

10 6:20 AIR 5 12:00 0 .5AIR/O2 3 10:00

15 6:00 AIR 5 26 37:40 1AIR/O2 3 13 22:40

20 5:20 AIR 2 6 7 50 71:00 1 .5AIR/O2 2 6 4 24 42:20

25 5:00 AIR 2 6 7 13 94 127:40 1 .5AIR/O2 2 6 7 7 32 65:00

30 4:40 AIR 2 5 6 13 21 156 208:20 2AIR/O2 2 5 6 13 11 43 90:40

35 4:40 AIR 5 6 12 14 28 214 284:20 3AIR/O2 5 6 12 14 14 58 124:40

40 4:20 AIR 2 6 11 12 22 28 271 357:00 3 .5AIR/O2 2 6 11 12 22 15 74 157:20

45 4:20 AIR 4 10 11 16 25 29 347 447:00 4AIR/O2 4 10 11 16 25 15 89 190:20

50 4:20 AIR 9 10 11 23 26 35 426 545:00 4 .5AIR/O2 9 10 11 23 26 18 104 221:20



Bottom Time (min)

Time to First

Stop(M:S) Gas Mix



Chamber O2



5 6:40 AIR 2 9:20 0 .5AIR/O2 1 8:20

10 6:40 AIR 8 15:20 0 .5AIR/O2 4 11:20

15 6:00 AIR 1 7 30 44:40 1AIR/O2 1 4 15 27:00

20 5:40 AIR 5 6 7 63 87:20 1 .5AIR/O2 5 6 4 27 48:40

25 5:20 AIR 5 6 8 14 119 158:00 2AIR/O2 5 6 8 7 38 75:20

30 5:00 AIR 5 5 8 13 24 174 234:40 2 .5AIR/O2 5 5 8 13 13 47 102:00

35 4:40 AIR 3 5 9 11 18 28 244 323:20 3AIR/O2 3 5 9 11 18 15 66 142:40

40 4:20 AIR 1 4 9 11 11 26 28 312 407:00 4AIR/O2 1 4 9 11 11 26 15 82 179:20


5 7:40 AIR 3 11:20 0 .5AIR/O2 2 10:20

10 7:20 AIR 2 15 25:00 0 .5AIR/O2 1 8 17:00

15 6:40 AIR 3 7 7 41 65:20 1AIR/O2 3 7 4 21 42:40

20 6:00 AIR 2 6 5 7 12 106 144:40 2AIR/O2 2 6 5 7 6 35 73:00

25 5:40 AIR 4 5 5 7 13 24 175 239:20 2 .5AIR/O2 4 5 5 7 13 13 47 105:40

30 5:20 AIR 4 4 5 9 11 20 28 257 344:00 3 .5AIR/O2 4 4 5 9 11 20 14 70 153:20

35 5:00 AIR 2 5 4 10 11 14 25 29 347 452:40 4AIR/O2 2 5 4 10 11 14 25 15 89 196:00


5 9:20 AIR 6 16:00 0 .5AIR/O2 3 13:00

10 8:20 AIR 2 5 7 32 55:00 1AIR/O2 2 5 4 16 36:20

15 7:20 AIR 1 4 5 6 6 10 102 142:00 1 .5AIR/O2 1 4 5 6 6 5 35 75:20

20 6:40 AIR 1 4 5 5 5 6 14 28 196 271:20 2 .5AIR/O2 1 4 5 5 5 6 14 15 52 124:40

25 6:40 AIR 7 4 5 5 10 12 25 29 305 409:00 3 .5AIR/O2 7 4 5 5 10 12 25 15 80 180:20


2A-2 U.S. Navy Diving Manual Volume 2

Table 2A-1. No-Decompression Limits and Repetitive Group Designators for Shallow Water Air No-Decompression Dives .

Depth (fsw)

No-Stop Limit (min)

Repetitive Group DesignationA B C D E F G H I J K L M N O Z

30 371 17 27 38 50 62 76 91 107 125 145 167 193 223 260 307 371

31 334 16 26 37 48 60 73 87 102 119 138 158 182 209 242 282 334

32 304 15 25 35 46 58 70 83 98 114 131 150 172 197 226 261 304

33 281 15 24 34 45 56 67 80 94 109 125 143 163 186 212 243 281

34 256 14 23 33 43 54 65 77 90 104 120 137 155 176 200 228 256

35 232 14 23 32 42 52 63 74 87 100 115 131 148 168 190 215 232

36 212 14 22 31 40 50 61 72 84 97 110 125 142 160 180 204 212

37 197 13 21 30 39 49 59 69 81 93 106 120 136 153 172 193 197

38 184 13 21 29 38 47 57 67 78 90 102 116 131 147 164 184

39 173 12 20 28 37 46 55 65 76 87 99 112 126 141 157 173

40 163 12 20 27 36 44 53 63 73 84 95 108 121 135 151 163

41 155 12 19 27 35 43 52 61 71 81 92 104 117 130 145 155

42 147 11 19 26 34 42 50 59 69 79 89 101 113 126 140 147

43 140 11 18 25 33 41 49 58 67 76 87 98 109 122 135 140

44 134 11 18 25 32 40 48 56 65 74 84 95 106 118 130 134

45 125 11 17 24 31 39 46 55 63 72 82 92 102 114 125

46 116 10 17 23 30 38 45 53 61 70 79 89 99 110 116

47 109 10 16 23 30 37 44 52 60 68 77 87 97 107 109

48 102 10 16 22 29 36 43 51 58 67 75 84 94 102

49 97 10 16 22 28 35 42 49 57 65 73 82 91 97

50 92 9 15 21 28 34 41 48 56 63 71 80 89 92

APPENDIx 2A Optional Shallow Water Diving Tables 2A-3

Table 2A-2. Residual Nitrogen Time Table for Repetitive Shallow Water Air Dives .

Repet

itive G

roup a

t Begi

nning

of Su

rface

Interv

al

Locatethediversrepetitivegroupdesignationfromhispreviousdivealongthediagonallineabovethetable .Readhorizontallytotheintervalinwhichthediverssurfaceintervallies .

Next,readverticallydownwardtothenewrepetitivegroupdesignation .Continuedownwardinthissamecolumntotherowthatrepresentsthedepthoftherepetitivedive .Thetimegivenattheintersectionisresidualnitrogentime,inminutes,tobeappliedtotherepetitivedive .

*Divesfollowingsurfaceintervalslongerthanthisarenotrepetitivedives .UseactualbottomtimesintheAirDecompressionTablestocomputedecompressionforsuchdives .

A :102:20*

B :10 1:171:16 3:36*

C :10 :56 2:12:55 2:11 4:31*

D :10 :53 1:48 3:04:52 1:47 3:03 5:23*

E :10 :53 1:45 2:40 3:56:52 1:44 2:39 3:55 6:15*

F :10 :53 1:45 2:38 3:32 4:49:52 1:44 2:37 3:31 4:48 7:08*

G :10 :53 1:45 2:38 3:30 4:24 5:41:52 1:44 2:37 3:29 4:23 5:40 8:00*

H :10 :53 1:45 2:38 3:30 4:22 5:17 6:33:52 1:44 2:37 3:29 4:21 5:16 6:32 8:52*

I :10 :53 1:45 2:38 3:30 4:22 5:14 6:09 7:25:52 1:44 2:37 3:29 4:21 5:13 6:08 7:24 9:44*

J :10 :53 1:45 2:38 3:30 4:22 5:14 6:07 7:01 8:17:52 1:44 2:37 3:29 4:21 5:13 6:06 7:00 8:16 10:36*

K :10 :53 1:45 2:38 3:30 4:22 5:14 6:07 6:59 7:53 9:10:52 1:44 2:37 3:29 4:21 5:13 6:06 6:58 7:52 9:09 11:29*

L :10 :53 1:45 2:38 3:30 4:22 5:14 6:07 6:59 7:51 8:45 10:02:52 1:44 2:37 3:29 4:21 5:13 6:06 6:58 7:50 8:44 10:01 12:21*

M :10 :53 1:45 2:38 3:30 4:22 5:14 6:07 6:59 7:51 8:43 9:38 10:54:52 1:44 2:37 3:29 4:21 5:13 6:06 6:58 7:50 8:42 9:37 10:53 13:13*

N :10 :53 1:45 2:38 3:30 4:22 5:14 6:07 6:59 7:51 8:43 9:35 10:30 11:46:52 1:44 2:37 3:29 4:21 5:13 6:06 6:58 7:50 8:42 9:34 10:29 11:45 14:05*

O :10 :53 1:45 2:38 3:30 4:22 5:14 6:07 6:59 7:51 8:43 9:35 10:28 11:22 12:38:52 1:44 2:37 3:29 4:21 5:13 6:06 6:58 7:50 8:42 9:34 10:27 11:21 12:37 14:58*

Z :10 :53 1:45 2:38 3:30 4:22 5:14 6:07 6:59 7:51 8:43 9:35 10:28 11:20 12:14 13:31:52 1:44 2:37 3:29 4:21 5:13 6:06 6:58 7:50 8:42 9:34 10:27 11:19 12:13 13:30 15:50*

Dive Depth

Z O N M L K J I H G F E D C B ARepetitive Group at the End of the Surface Interval

30 372 308 261 224 194 168 146 126 108 92 77 63 51 39 28 1831 334 282 243 210 183 159 139 120 103 88 74 61 49 38 27 1732 305 262 227 198 173 151 132 115 99 85 71 59 47 36 26 1733 282 244 213 187 164 144 126 110 95 81 69 57 46 35 25 1634 262 229 201 177 156 138 121 105 91 78 66 55 44 34 25 1635 245 216 191 169 149 132 116 101 88 75 64 53 43 33 24 1536 231 204 181 161 143 126 111 98 85 73 62 51 41 32 23 1537 218 194 173 154 137 122 107 94 82 70 60 50 40 31 23 1438 207 185 165 148 132 117 103 91 79 68 58 48 39 30 22 1439 197 177 158 142 127 113 100 88 77 66 56 47 38 29 21 1440 188 169 152 136 122 109 97 85 74 64 55 45 37 29 21 1341 180 163 146 132 118 105 93 82 72 62 53 44 36 28 20 1342 173 156 141 127 114 102 91 80 70 61 52 43 35 27 20 1343 166 150 136 123 110 99 88 78 68 59 50 42 34 26 19 1244 160 145 131 119 107 96 85 75 66 57 49 41 33 26 19 1245 154 140 127 115 104 93 83 73 64 56 48 40 32 25 18 1246 149 136 123 111 101 90 81 71 63 54 46 39 32 25 18 1247 144 131 119 108 98 88 78 70 61 53 45 38 31 24 18 1148 139 127 116 105 95 85 76 68 60 52 44 37 30 24 17 1149 135 123 112 102 92 83 74 66 58 51 43 36 30 23 17 1150 131 120 109 99 90 81 73 65 57 49 42 35 29 23 17 11

Residual Nitrogen Times (Minutes)

Dive ManualFront MatterList of Effective PagesCertification SheetRecord of ChangesForewordPrologueSafety SummaryTable of Contents

Volume 1 - Diving Principles and PolicyTable of Contents List of Illustrations List of Tables CHAPTER 1 History of Diving 1-1 INTRODUCTION1-1.1 Purpose1-1.2 Scope1-1.3 Role of the U.S. Navy

1-2 SURFACE-SUPPLIED AIR DIVING1-2.1 Breathing Tubes1-2.2 Breathing Bags1-2.3 Diving Bells1-2.4 Diving Dress Designs1-2.5 Caissons1-2.6 Physiological Discoveries1-2.7 Armored Diving Suits1-2.8 MK V Deep-Sea Diving Dress

1-3 SCUBA DIVING1-3.1 Open-Circuit SCUBA1-3.2 Closed-Circuit SCUBA1-3.3 Hazards of Using Oxygen in SCUBA1-3.4 Semiclosed-Circuit SCUBA1-3.5 SCUBA Use During World War II

1-4 MIXED-GAS DIVING1-4.1 Nonsaturation Diving1-4.2 Diving Bells1-4.3 Saturation Diving1-4.4 Deep Diving Systems (DDS)

1-5 SUBMARINE SALVAGE AND RESCUE1-5.1 USS F-41-5.2 USS S-511-5.3 USS S-41-5.4 USS Squalus1-5.5 USS Thresher1-5.6 Deep Submergence Systems Project

1-6 SALVAGE DIVING1-6.1 World War II Era1-6.2 Vietnam Era

1-7 OPEN-SEA DEEP DIVING RECORDS 1-8 SUMMARY

CHAPTER 2 Underwater Physics 2-1 INTRODUCTION2-1.1 Purpose2-1.2 Scope

2-2 PHYSICS 2-3 MATTER2-3.1 Elements2-3.2 Atoms2-3.3 Molecules2-3.4 The Three States of Matter

2-4 MEASUREMENT2-4.1 Measurement Systems2-4.2 Temperature Measurements2-4.3 Gas Measurements

2-5 ENERGY 2-5.1 Conservation of Energy2-5.2 Classifications of Energy

2-6 LIGHT ENERGY IN DIVING2-6.1 Refraction2-6.2 Turbidity of Water2-6.3 Diffusion2-6.4 Color Visibility

2-7 MECHANICAL ENERGY IN DIVING2-7.1 Water Temperature and Sound2-7.2 Water Depth and Sound2-7.3 Underwater Explosions

2-8 HEAT ENERGY IN DIVING2-8.1 Conduction, Convection, and Radiation2-8.2 Heat Transfer Rate2-8.3 Diver Body Temperature

2-9 PRESSURE IN DIVING2-9.1 Atmospheric Pressure2-9.2 Terms Used to Describe Gas Pressure2-9.3 Hydrostatic Pressure2-9.4 Buoyancy

2-10 GASES IN DIVING2-10.1 Atmospheric Air2-10.2 Oxygen2-10.3 Nitrogen2-10.4 Helium2-10.5 Hydrogen2-10.6 Neon2-10.7 Carbon Dioxide2-10.8 Carbon Monoxide2-10.9 Kinetic Theory of Gases

2-11 GAS LAWS2-11.1 Boyles Law2-11.2 Charles/Gay-Lussacs Law2-11.3 The General Gas Law

2-12 GAS MIXTURES2-12.1 Daltons Law2-12.2 Gas Diffusion2-12.3 Humidity2-12.4 Gases in Liquids2-12.5 Solubility2-12.6 Henrys Law

CHAPTER 3 Underwater Physiology and Diving Disorders3-1 INTRODUCTION3-1.1 Purpose3-1.2 Scope3-1.3 General

3-2 THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 3-3 THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM3-3.1 Anatomy3-3.2 Circulatory Function3-3.3 Blood Components

3-4 THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM3-4.1 Gas Exchange3-4.2 Respiration Phases3-4.3 Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract3-4.4 The Respiratory Apparatus3-4.5 Respiratory Tract Ventilation Definitions3-4.6 Alveolar/Capillary Gas Exchange3-4.7 Breathing Control3-4.8 Oxygen Consumption

3-5 RESPIRATORY PROBLEMS IN DIVING3-5.1 Oxygen Deficiency (Hypoxia)3-5.2 Carbon Dioxide Retention (Hypercapnia)3-5.3 Asphyxia3-5.4 Drowning/Near Drowning3-5.5 Breathholding and Unconsciousness3-5.6 Involuntary Hyperventilation3-5.7 Overbreathing the Rig3-5.8 Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

3-6 MECHANICAL EFFECTS OF PRESSURE ON THE HUMAN BODY-BAROTRAUMA DURING DESCENT3-6.1 Prerequisites for Squeeze3-6.2 Middle Ear Squeeze3-6.3 Sinus Squeeze3-6.4 Tooth Squeeze (Barodontalgia)3-6.5 External Ear Squeeze3-6.6 Thoracic (Lung) Squeeze3-6.7 Face or Body Squeeze3-6.8 Inner Ear Barotrauma

3-7 MECHANICAL EFFECTS OF PRESSURE ON THE HUMAN BODY--BAROTRAUMA DURING ASCENT3-7.1 Middle Ear Overpressure (Reverse Middle Ear Squeeze)3-7.2 Sinus Overpressure (Reverse Sinus Squeeze)3-7.3 Gastrointestinal Distention

3-8 PULMONARY OVERINFLATION SYNDROMES3-8.1 Arterial Gas Embolism (AGE)3-8.2 Mediastinal and Subcutaneous Emphysema3-8.3 Pneumothorax

3-9 INDIRECT EFFECTS OF PRESSURE ON THE HUMAN BODY3-9.1 Nitrogen Narcosis3-9.2 Oxygen Toxicity3-9.3 Decompression Sickness (DCS)

3-10 THERMAL PROBLEMS IN DIVING3-10.1 Regulating Body Temperature3-10.2 Excessive Heat Loss (Hypothermia)3-10.3 Other Physiological Effects of Exposure to Cold Water3-10.4 Excessive Heat Gain (Hyperthermia)

3-11 SPECIAL MEDICAL PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH DEEP DIVING3-11.1 High Pressure Nervous Syndrome (HPNS)3-11.2 Compression Arthralgia

3-12 OTHER DIVING MEDICAL PROBLEMS3-12.1 Dehydration3-12.2 Immersion Pulmonary Edema3-12.3 Carotid Sinus Reflex3-12.4 Middle Ear Oxygen Absorption Syndrome3-12.5 Underwater Trauma3-12.6 Blast Injury3-12.7 Otitis Externa3-12.8 Hypoglycemia

CHAPTER 4 Dive Systems 4-1 INTRODUCTION4-1.1 Purpose4-1.2 Scope

4-2 GENERAL INFORMATION4-2.1 Document Precedence4-2.2 Equipment Authorized For Navy Use (ANU)4-2.3 System Certification Authority (SCA)4-2.4 Planned Maintenance System4-2.5 Alteration of Diving Equipment4-2.6 Operating and Emergency Procedures

4-3 DIVERS BREATHING GAS PURITY STANDARDS4-3.1 Divers Breathing Air4-3.2 Divers Breathing Oxygen4-3.3 Divers Breathing Helium4-3.4 Divers Breathing Nitrogen

4-4 DIVERS AIR SAMPLING PROGRAM 4-4.1 Maintenance Requirements4-4.2 General Air Sampling Procedures4-4.3 NSWC-PC Air Sampling Services4-4.4 Local Air Sampling Services

4-5 DIVING COMPRESSORS 4-5.1 Equipment Requirements4-5.2 Air Filtration System4-5.3 Lubrication

4-6 DIVING GAUGES4-6.1 Selecting Diving System Gauges4-6.2 Calibrating and Maintaining Gauges4-6.3 Helical Bourdon Tube Gauges

4-7 COMPRESSED GAS HANDLING AND STORAGE

CHAPTER 5 Dive Program Administration 5-1 INTRODUCTION5-1.1 Purpose5-1.2 Scope

5-2 OBJECTIVES OF THE RECORD KEEPING AND REPORTING SYSTEM5-3 RECORD KEEPING AND REPORTING DOCUMENTS 5.4 COMMAND SMOOTH DIVING LOG5-5 RECOMPRESSION CHAMBER LOG5-6 DIVERS PERSONAL DIVE LOG 5-7 DIVING MISHAP/CASUALTY REPORTING5-8 EQUIPMENT FAILURE OR DEFICIENCY REPORTING 5-9 U.S. NAVY DIVE REPORTING SYSTEM (DRS) 5-10 ACCIDENT/INCIDENT EQUIPMENT INVESTIGATION REQUIREMENTS5-11 REPORTING CRITERIA5-12 ACTIONS REQUIRED5-12.1 Technical Manual Deficiency/Evaluation Report5-12.2 Shipment of Equipment

APPENDIX 1A Safe Diving Distances from TransmittingSonar 1A-1 INTRODUCTION1A-2 BACKGROUND1A-3 ACTION1A-4 SONAR DIVING DISTANCES WORKSHEETS WITH DIRECTIONS FOR USE1A-4.1 General Information/Introduction1A-4.2 Directions for Completing the Sonar Diving Distances Worksheet

1A-5 GUIDANCE FOR DIVER EXPOSURE TO LOW-FREQUENCY SONAR (160-320 Hz)1A-6 GUIDANCE FOR DIVER EXPOSURE TO ULTRASONIC SONAR (250 KHz AND GREATER)

APPENDIX 1B References APPENDIX 1C Telephone Numbers APPENDIX 1D List of Acronyms

Volume 2 - Air Diving OperationsTable of Contents List of Illustrations List of Tables CHAPTER 6 Operational Planning and Risk Management6-1 INTRODUCTION6-1.1 Purpose6-1.2 Scope

6-2 MISSION OBJECTIVE AND OPERATIONAL TASKS6-2.1 Underwater Ship Husbandry (UWSH)6-2.2 Salvage/Object Recovery6-2.3 Search Missions6-2.4 Explosive Ordnance Disposal6-2.5 Security Swims6-2.6 Underwater Construction6-2.7 Demolition Missions6-2.8 Combat Swimmer Missions6-2.9 Enclosed Space Diving

6-3 GENERAL PLANNING AND ORM PROCESS6-3.1 Concept of ORM6-3.2 Risk Management Terms6-3.3 ORM Process

6-4 COLLECT AND ANALYZE DATA6-4.1 Information Gathering6-4.2 Planning Data6-4.3 Object Recovery6-4.4 Data Required for All Diving Operations

6-5 IDENTIFY OPERATIONAL HAZARDS6-5.1 Underwater Visibility6-5.2 Temperature6-5.3 Warm Water Diving6-5.4 Contaminated Water6-5.5 Chemical Contamination6-5.6 Biological Contamination6-5.7 Altitude Diving6-5.8 Underwater Obstacles6-5.9 Electrical Shock Hazards6-5.10 Explosions6-5.11 Sonar.6-5.12 Nuclear Radiation6-5.13 Marine Life6-5.14 Vessels and Small Boat Traffic6-5.15 Territorial Waters

6-6 SELECT DIVING TECHNIQUE6-6.1 Factors to Consider when Selecting the Diving Technique6-6.2 Breathhold Diving Restrictions6-6.3 Operational Characteristics of SCUBA6-6.4 Operational Characteristics of SSDS

6-7 SELECT EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES6-7.1 Equipment Authorized for Navy Use6-7.2 Air Supply6-7.3 Diving Craft and Platforms6-7.4 Deep-Sea Salvage/Rescue Diving Platforms6-7.5 Small Craft

6-8 SELECT AND ASSEMBLE THE DIVING TEAM6-8.1 Manning Levels6-8.2 Commanding Officer6-8.3 Command Diving Officer6-8.4 Watchstation Diving Officer6-8.5 Master Diver6-8.6 Diving Supervisor6-8.7 Diving Medical Officer6-8.8 Diving Personnel6-8.9 OSHA Requirements for U.S. Navy Civilian Diving

6-9 ORGANIZE AND SCHEDULE OPERATIONS6-9.1 Task Planning and Scheduling6-9.2 Post-dive Tasks

6-10 BRIEF THE DIVING TEAM6-10.1 Establish Mission Objective6-10.2 Identify Tasks and Procedures6-10.3 Review Diving Procedures6-10.4 Assignment of Personnel6-10.5 Assistance and Emergencies6-10.6 Notification of Ships Personnel6-10.7 Fouling and Entrapment6-10.8 Equipment Failure6-10.9 Lost Diver6-10.10 Debriefing the Diving Team

6-11 AIR DIVING EQUIPMENT REFERENCE DATA

CHAPTER 7 SCUBA Air Diving Operations 7-1 INTRODUCTION7-1.1 Purpose7-1.2 Scope

7-2 REQUIRED EQUIPMENT FOR SCUBA OPERATIONS7-2.1 Equipment Authorized for Navy Use7-2.2 Open-Circuit SCUBA7-2.3 Minimum Equipment

7-3 OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT FOR SCUBA OPERATIONS 7-3.1 Protective Clothing

7-4 AIR SUPPLY7-4.1 Duration of Air Supply7-4.2 Compressed Air from Commercial Sources7-4.3 Methods for Charging SCUBA Cylinders7-4.4 Operating Procedures for Charging SCUBA Tanks7-4.5 Safety Precautions for Charging and Handling Cylinders

7-5 PREDIVE PROCEDURES7-5.1 Equipment Preparation7-5.2 Diver Preparation and Brief7-5.3 Donning Gear7-5.4 Predive Inspection

7-6 WATER ENTRY AND DESCENT7-6.1 Water Entry7-6.2 Pre-descent Surface Check7-6.3 Surface Swimming7-6.4 Descent

7-7 UNDERWATER PROCEDURES 7-7.1 Breathing Technique7-7.2 Mask Clearing7-7.3 Hose and Mouthpiece Clearing7-7.4 Swimming Technique7-7.5 Diver Communications7-7.6 Buddy Diver Responsibilities7-7.7 Buddy Breathing Procedure7-7.8 Tending7-7.9 Working with Tools7-7.10 Adapting to Underwater Conditions

7-8 ASCENT PROCEDURES7-8.1 Emergency Free-Ascent Procedures7-8.2 Ascent From Under a Vessel7-8.3 Decompression7-8.4 Surfacing and Leaving the Water

7-9 POSTDIVE PROCEDURES

CHAPTER 8 Surface Supplied Air Diving Operations8-1 INTRODUCTION8-1.1 Purpose8-1.2 Scope

8-2 MK 21 MOD 1, KM-378-2.1 Operation and Maintenance8-2.2 Air Supply

8-3 MK 20 MOD 08-3.1 Operation and Maintenance8-3.2 Air Supply

8-4 EXO BR MS8-4.1 EXO BR MS8-4.2 Operations and Maintenance8-4.3 Air Supply8-4.4 EGS Requirements for EXO BR MS8-4.5 Flow and Pressure Requirements

8-5 PORTABLE SURFACE-SUPPLIED DIVING SYSTEMS8-5.1 MK 3 MOD 0 Lightweight Dive System (LWDS)8-5.2 MK 3 MOD 1 Lightweight Dive System8-5.3 ROPER Diving Cart8-5.4 Flyaway Dive System (FADS) III8-5.5 Oxygen Regulator Console Assembly (ORCA)

8-6 ACCESSORY EQUIPMENT FOR SURFACE-SUPPLIED DIVING8-7 SURFACE AIR SUPPLY SYSTEMS8-7.1 Requirements for Air Supply8-7.2 Primary and Secondary Air Supply

8-8 DIVER COMMUNICATIONS8-8.1 Diver Intercommunication Systems8-8.2 Line-Pull Signals

8-9 PREDIVE PROCEDURES8-9.1 Predive Checklist8-9.2 Diving Station Preparation8-9.3 Air Supply Preparation8-9.4 Line Preparation8-9.5 Recompression Chamber Inspection and Preparation8-9.6 Predive Inspection8-9.7 Donning Gear8-9.8 Diving Supervisor Predive Checklist

8-10 WATER ENTRY AND DESCENT8-10.1 Predescent Surface Check8-10.2 Descent

8-11 UNDERWATER PROCEDURES8-11.1 Adapting to Underwater Conditions8-11.2 Movement on the Bottom8-11.3 Searching on the Bottom8-11.4 Enclosed Space Diving8-11.5 Working Around Corners8-11.6 Working Inside a Wreck8-11.7 Working With or Near Lines or Moorings8-11.8 Bottom Checks8-11.9 Job Site Procedures8-11.10 Safety Procedures8-11.11 Tending the Diver8-11.12 Monitoring the Divers Movements

8-12 ASCENT PROCEDURES8-13 SURFACE DECOMPRESSION8-13.1 Disadvantages of In-Water Decompression8-13.2 Transferring a Diver to the Chamber

8-14 POSTDIVE PROCEDURES 8-14.1 Personnel and Reporting8-14.2 Equipment

CHAPTER 9 Air Decompression 9-1 INTRODUCTION9-1.1 Purpose.9-1.2 Scope

9-2 THEORY OF DECOMPRESSION9-3 AIR DECOMPRESSION DEFINITIONS9-3.1 Descent Time9-3.2 Bottom Time9-3.3 Total Decompression Time9-3.4 Total Time of Dive9-3.5 Deepest Depth9-3.6 Maximum Depth9-3.7 Stage Depth9-3.8 Decompression Table9-3.9 Decompression Schedule9-3.10 Decompression Stop9-3.11 No-Decompression (No D) Limit9-3.12 No-Decompression Dive9-3.13 Decompression Dive9-3.14 Surface Interval9-3.15 Residual Nitrogen9-3.16 Single Dive9-3.17 Repetitive Dive9-3.18 Repetitive Group Designation9-3.19 Residual Nitrogen Time9-3.20 Equivalent Single Dive9-3.21 Equivalent Single Dive Time9-3.22 Surface Decompression9-3.23 Exceptional Exposure Dive

9-4 DIVE CHARTING AND RECORDING9-5 THE AIR DECOMPRESSION TABLES9-6 GENERAL RULES FOR THE USE OF AIR DECOMPRESSION TABLES9-6.1 Selecting the Decompression Schedule9-6.2 Descent Rate9-6.3 Ascent Rate9-6.4 Decompression Stop Time9-6.5 Last Water Stop9-6.6 Eligibility for Surface Decompression

9-7 NO-DECOMPRESSION LIMITS AND REPETITIVE GROUP DESIGNATION TABLE FOR NO-DECOMPRESSION AIR DIVES9-8 THE AIR DECOMPRESSION TABLE9-8.1 In-Water Decompression on Air9-8.2 In-Water Decompression on Air and Oxygen9-8.3 Surface Decompression on Oxygen (SurDO2)9-8.4 Selection of the Mode of Decompression

9-9 REPETITIVE DIVES9-9.1 Repetitive Dive Procedure9-9.2 RNT Exception Rule9-9.3 Repetitive Air-MK 16 Dives9-9.4 Order of Repetitive Dives

9-10 EXCEPTIONAL EXPOSURE DIVES9-11 VARIATIONS IN RATE OF ASCENT9-11.1 Travel Rate Exceeded9-11.2 Early Arrival at the First Decompression Stop9-11.3 Delays in Arriving at the First Decompression Stop9.11.4 Delays in Leaving a Stop or Between Decompression Stops

9-12 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES9-12.1 Bottom Time in Excess of the Table9-12.2 Loss of Oxygen Supply in the Water9-12.3 Contamination of Oxygen Supply with Air9-12.4 CNS Oxygen Toxicity Symptoms (Non-convulsive) at 30 or 20 fsw Water Stop9-12.5 Oxygen Convulsion at the 30- or 20-fsw Water Stop9-12.6 Surface Interval Greater than 5 Minutes9-12.7 Decompression Sickness During the Surface Interval9-12.8 Loss of Oxygen Supply in the Chamber9-12.9 CNS Oxygen Toxicity in the Chamber9-12.10 Asymptomatic Omitted Decompression9-12.11 Decompression Sickness in the Water

9-13 DIVING AT ALTITUDE9-13.1 Altitude Correction Procedure9-13.2 Need for Correction9-13.3 Depth Measurement at Altitude9-13.4 Equilibration at Altitude9-13.5 Diving at Altitude Worksheet9-13.6 Repetitive Dives

9-14 ASCENT TO ALTITUDE AFTER DIVING / FLYING AFTER DIVING

CHAPTER 10 Nitrogen-Oxygen Diving Operations 10-1 INTRODUCTION10-1.1 Advantages and Disadvantages of NITROX Diving

10-2 EQUIVALENT AIR DEPTH10-2.1 Equivalent Air Depth Calculation

10-3 OXYGEN TOXICITY10-3.1 Selecting the Proper NITROX Mixture

10-4 NITROX DIVING PROCEDURES10-4.1 NITROX Diving Using Equivalent Air Depths10-4.2 SCUBA Operations10-4.3 Special Procedures10-4.4 Omitted Decompression10-4.5 Dives Exceeding the Normal Working Limit

10-5 NITROX REPETITIVE DIVING10-6 NITROX DIVE CHARTING10-7 FLEET TRAINING FOR NITROX10-8 NITROX DIVING EQUIPMENT10-8.1 Open-Circuit SCUBA Systems10-8.2 General10-8.3 Surface-Supplied NITROX Diving

10-9 EQUIPMENT CLEANLINESS10-10 BREATHING GAS PURITY10-11 NITROX MIXING10-12 NITROX MIXING, BLENDING, AND STORAGE SYSTEMS

CHAPTER 11 Ice and Cold Water Diving Operations11-1 INTRODUCTION11-1.1 Purpose11-1.2 Scope

11-2 OPERATIONS PLANNING11-2.1 Planning Guidelines11-2.2 Navigational Considerations11-2.3 SCUBA Considerations11-2.4 SCUBA Regulators11-2.5 Life Preserver11-2.6 Face Mask11-2.7 SCUBA Equipment11-2.8 Surface-Supplied Diving System (SSDS) Considerations11-2.9 Suit Selection11-2.10 Clothing11-2.11 Ancillary Equipment11-2.12 Dive Site Shelter

11-3 PREDIVE PROCEDURES11-3.1 Personnel Considerations11-3.2 Dive Site Selection Considerations11-3.3 Shelter11-3.4 Entry Hole11-3.5 Escape Holes11-3.6 Navigation Lines11-3.7 Lifelines11-3.8 Equipment Preparation

11-4 UNDERWATER PROCEDURES11-4.1 Buddy Diving11-4.2 Tending the Diver11-4.3 Standby Diver

11-5 OPERATING PRECAUTIONS11-5.1 General Precautions11-5.2 Ice Conditions11-5.3 Dressing Precautions11-5.4 On-Surface Precautions11-5.5 In-Water Precautions11-5.6 Postdive Precautions

11-6 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES11-6.1 Lost Diver11-6.2 Searching for a Lost Diver11-6.3 Hypothermia

11-7 ADDITIONAL REFERENCES

APPENDIX 2A Optional Shallow Water Diving Tables

Volume 3 - Mixed Gas Surface Supplied Diving OperationsTable of Contents List of Illustrations List of Tables CHAPTER 12 Mixed-Gas Diving Theory 12-1 INTRODUCTION12-1.1 Purpose12-1.2 Scope

12-2 BOYLES LAW12-3 CHARLES/GAY-LUSSACS LAW12-4 THE GENERAL GAS LAW12-5 DALTONS LAW12-6 HENRYS LAW

CHAPTER 13 Mixed Gas Operational Planning 13-1 INTRODUCTION13-1.1 Purpose13-1.2 Scope13-1.3 Additional Sources of Information13-1.4 Complexity of Mixed Gas Diving13-1.5 Medical Considerations

13-2 ESTABLISH OPERATIONAL TASKS13-3 SELECT DIVING METHOD AND EQUIPMENT13-3.1 Mixed Gas Diving Methods13-3.2 Method Considerations13-3.3 Depth13-3.4 Bottom Time Requirements13-3.5 Environment13-3.6 Mobility13-3.7 Equipment Selection13-3.8 Operational Characteristics13-3.9 Support Equipment and ROVs13-3.10 Divers Breathing Gas Requirements

13-4 SELECTING AND ASSEMBLING THE DIVE TEAM 13-4.1 Diver Training13-4.2 Personnel Requirements13-4.3 Diver Fatigue

13-5 BRIEFING THE DIVE TEAM13-6 FINAL PREPARATIONS AND SAFETY PRECAUTIONS13-7 RECORD KEEPING13-8 MIXED GAS DIVING EQUIPMENT13-8.1 Minimum Required Equipment13-8.2 Operational Considerations13-8.3 Flyaway Dive System III Mixed Gas System (FMGS)

CHAPTER 14 Surface Supplied Mixed Gas Diving Procedures 14-1 INTRODUCTION14-1.1 Purpose14-1.2 Scope

14-2 PLANNING THE OPERATION14-2.1 Depth and Exposure Limits14-2.2 Ascent to Altitude14-2.3 Water Temperature14-2.4 Gas Mixtures14-2.5 Emergency Gas Supply

14-3 SURFACE SUPPLIED HELIUM OXYGEN DESCENT AND ASCENT PROCEDURES14-3.1 Selecting the Bottom Mix14-3.2 Selecting the Decompression Schedule14-3.3 Travel Rates and Stop Times14-3.4 Decompression Breathing Gases14-3.5 Special Procedures for Descent with Less than 16 Percent Oxygen14-3.6 Aborting Dive During Descent14-3.7 Procedures for Shifting to 50 Percent Helium/50 Percent Oxygen at 90 fsw14-3.8 Procedures for Shifting to 100 Percent Oxygen at 30 fsw14-3.9 Air Breaks at 30 and 20 fsw14-3.10 Ascent from the 20 fsw Water Stop14-3.11 Surface Decompression Procedures (SUR D)14-3.12 Variation in Rate of Ascent

14-4 SURFACE SUPPLIED HELIUM OXYGEN EMERGENCY PROCEDURES14-4.1 Bottom Time in Excess of the Table14-4.2 Loss of Helium Oxygen Supply on the Bottom14-4.3 Loss of 50 Percent Oxygen Supply During In-Water Decompression14-4.4 Loss of Oxygen Supply During In-Water Decompression14-4.5 Loss of Oxygen Supply in the Chamber During Surface Decompression14-4.6 Decompression Gas Supply Contamination14-4.7 CNS Oxygen Toxicity Symptoms (Nonconvulsive) at the 90-60 fsw Water Stops14-4.8 Oxygen Convulsion at the 90-60 fsw Water Stop14-4.9 CNS Toxicity Symptoms (Nonconvulsive) at 50 and 40 fsw Water Stops14-4.10 Oxygen Convulsion at the 50-40 fsw Water Stop14-4.11 CNS Oxygen Toxicity Symptoms (Nonconvulsive) at 30 and 20 fsw Water Stops14-4.12 Oxygen Convulsion at the 30 and 20 fsw Water Stop14-4.13 Oxygen Toxicity Symptoms in the Chamber14-4.14 Surface Interval Greater than 5 Minutes14-4.15 Asymptomatic Omitted Decompression14-4.16 Symptomatic Omitted Decompression14-4.17 Light Headed or Dizzy Diver on the Bottom14-4.18 Unconscious Diver on the Bottom14-4.19 Decompression Sickness in the Water14-4.20 Decompression Sickness During the Surface Interval

14-5 CHARTING SURFACE SUPPLIED HELIUM OXYGEN DIVES14-5.1 Charting an HeO2 Dive

14-6 DIVING AT ALTITUDE

CHAPTER 15 Saturation Diving 15-1 INTRODUCTION15-1.1 Purpose15-1.2 Scope

SECTION ONE - DEEP DIVING SYSTEMS15-2 APPLICATIONS15-3 BASIC COMPONENTS OF A SATURATION DIVE SYSTEM15-3.1 Personnel Transfer Capsule15-3.2 Deck Decompression Chamber (DDC)15-3.3 PTC Handling Systems15-3.4 Saturation Mixed-Gas Diving Equipment

15-4 U.S. NAVY SATURATION FACILITIES15-4.1 Navy Experimental Diving Unit (NEDU), Panama City, FL15-4.2 Naval Submarine Medical Research Laboratory (NSMRL), New London, CT

SECTION TWO - DIVER LIFE-SUPPORT SYSTEMS15-5 INTRODUCTION15-6 THERMAL PROTECTION SYSTEM15-6.1 Diver Heating15-6.2 Inspired Gas Heating

15-7 SATURATION DIVING UNDERWATER BREATHING APPARATUS15-8 UBA GAS USAGE15-8.1 Specific Dives15-8.2 Emergency Gas Supply Duration15-8.3 Gas Composition

SECTION THREE - SATURATION DIVING OPERATIONS15-9 INTRODUCTION15-10 OPERATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS15-10.1 Dive Team Selection15-10.2 Mission Training

15-11 SELECTION OF STORAGE DEPTH15-12 RECORDS15-12.1 Command Diving Log15-12.2 Master Protocol15-12.3 Chamber Atmosphere Data Sheet15-12.4 Service Lock15-12.5 Machinery Log/Gas Status Report15-12.6 Operational Procedures (OPs)15-12.7 Emergency Procedures (EPs)15-12.8 Individual Dive Record

15-13 LOGISTICS15-14 DDC AND PTC ATMOSPHERE CONTROL15-15 GAS SUPPLY REQUIREMENTS 15-15.1 UBA Gas15-15.2 Emergency Gas15-15.3 Treatment Gases

15-16 ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL15-17 FIRE ZONE CONSIDERATIONS15-18 HYGIENE15-18.1 Personal Hygiene15-18.2 Prevention of External Ear Infections15-18.3 Chamber Cleanliness15-18.4 Food Preparation and Handling

15-19 ATMOSPHERE QUALITY CONTROL15-19.1 Gaseous Contaminants15-19.2 Initial Unmanned Screening Procedures

15-20 COMPRESSION PHASE15-20.1 Establishing Chamber Oxygen Partial Pressure15-20.2 Compression to Storage Depth15-20.3 Precautions During Compression15-20.4 Abort Procedures During Compression

15-21 STORAGE DEPTH15-21.1 Excursion Table Examples15-21.2 PTC Diving Procedures

15-22 DEEP DIVING SYSTEM (DDS) EMERGENCY PROCEDURES15-22.1 Loss of Chamber Atmosphere Control15-22.2 Loss of Depth Control15-22.3 Fire in the DDC15-22.4 PTC Emergencies

15-23 SATURATION DECOMPRESSION15-23.1 Upward Excursion Depth15-23.2 Travel Rate15-23.3 Post-Excursion Hold.15-23.4 Rest Stops15-23.5 Saturation Decompression Rates15-23.6 Atmosphere Control at Shallow Depths15-23.7 Saturation Dive Mission Abort15-23.8 Decompression Sickness (DCS)

15-24 POSTDIVE PROCEDURES

CHAPTER 16 Breathing Gas Mixing Procedures 16-1 INTRODUCTION16-1.1 Purpose16-1.2 Scope

16-2 MIXING PROCEDURES16-2.1 Mixing by Partial Pressure16-2.2 Ideal-Gas Method Mixing Procedure16-2.3 Adjustment of Oxygen Percentage16-2.4 Continuous-Flow Mixing16-2.5 Mixing by Volume16-2.6 Mixing by Weight

16-3 GAS ANALYSIS16-3.1 Instrument Selection16-3.2 Techniques for Analyzing Constituents of a Gas

Volume 4 - Closed Circuit and Semiclosed Circuit Diving OperationsTable of Contents List of Illustrations List of Tables CHAPTER 17 MK 16 MOD 0 Closed-Circuit Mixed-Gas UBA Diving17-1 INTRODUCTION17-1.1 Purpose17-1.2 Scope

17-2 PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION17-2.1 Diving Safety17-2.2 Advantages of Closed-Circuit Mixed-Gas UBA17-2.3 Recirculation and Carbon Dioxide Removal

17-3 MK16 MOD 0 Closed Circuit UBA17-3.1 Housing System17-3.2 Recirculation System17-3.3 Pneumatics System17-3.4 Electronics System

17-4 OPERATIONAL PLANNING17-4.1 Operating Limitations17-4.2 Equipment Requirements17-4.3 Recompression Chamber Considerations17-4.4 Ship Safety17-4.5 Operational Area Clearance

17-5 PREDIVE PROCEDURES 17-5.1 Diving Supervisor Brief17-5.2 Diving Supervisor Check

17-6 WATER ENTRY AND DESCENT17-7 UNDERWATER PROCEDURES17-7.1 General Guidelines17-7.2 At Depth

17-8 ASCENT PROCEDURES 17-9 POSTDIVE PROCEDURES17-10 DECOMPRESSION PROCEDURES17-10.1 Rules for Using 0.7 ata Constant ppO2 in Nitrogen and in Helium Decompression Tables17-10.2 PPO2 Variances17-10.3 Emergency Breathing System (EBS)17-10.4 Asymptomatic Omitted Decompression17-10.5 Symptomatic Omitted Decompression

17-11 MEDICAL ASPECTS OF CLOSED-CIRCUIT MIXED-GAS UBA17-11.1 Central Nervous System (CNS) Oxygen Toxicity17-11.2 Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity17-11.3 Oxygen Deficiency (Hypoxia)17-11.4 Carbon Dioxide Toxicity (Hypercapnia)17-11.5 Chemical Injury17-11.6 Decompression Sickness in the Water17-11.7. Altitude Diving Procedures and Flying After Diving

17-12 MK 16 MOD 0 DIVING EQUIPMENT REFERENCE DATA

CHAPTER 18 MK 16 MOD 1 Closed-Circuit Mixed-Gas UBA Diving18-1 INTRODUCTION18-1.1 Purpose18-1.2 Scope

18-2 OPERATIONAL PLANNING18-2.1 Operating Limitations18-2.2 Equipment Requirements18-2.3 Recompression Chamber Considerations18-2.4 Diving Procedures for MK 16 MOD 118-2.5 Ship Safety18-2.6 Operational Area Clearance

18-3 PREDIVE PROCEDURES 18-3.1 Diving Supervisor Brief18-3.2 Diving Supervisor Check

18-4 DESCENT18-5 UNDERWATER PROCEDURES18-5.1 General Guidelines18-5.2 At Depth

18-6 ASCENT PROCEDURES18-7 DECOMPRESSION PROCEDURES18-7.1 Monitoring ppO218-7.2 Rules for Using MK 16 MOD 1 Decompression Tables18-7.3 PPO2 Variances18-7.4 Emergency Breathing System (EBS)

18-8 MULTI-DAY DIVING18-9 ALTITUDE DIVING PROCEDURES AND FLYING AFTER DIVING 18-10 POSTDIVE PROCEDURES18-11 MEDICAL ASPECTS OF CLOSED-CIRCUIT MIXED-GAS UBA18-11.1 Central Nervous System (CNS) Oxygen Toxicity18-11.2 Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity18-11.3 Oxygen Deficiency (Hypoxia)18-11.4 Carbon Dioxide Toxicity (Hypercapnia)18-11.5 Chemical Injury18-11.6 Omitted Decompression18-11.7 Decompression Sickness in the Water

18-12 MK 16 MOD 1 Diving Equipment Reference Data

CHAPTER 19 Closed-Circuit Oxygen UBA Diving 19-1 INTRODUCTION19-1.1 Purpose19-1.2 Scope

19-2 MEDICAL ASPECTS OF CLOSED-CIRCUIT OXYGEN DIVING19-2.1 Central Nervous System (CNS) Oxygen Toxicity19-2.2 Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity19-2.3 Oxygen Deficiency (Hypoxia)19-2.4 Carbon Dioxide Toxicity (Hypercapnia)19-2.5 Chemical Injury19-2.6 Middle Ear Oxygen Absorption Syndrome

19-3 MK-2519-3.1 Gas Flow Path19-3.2 Operational Duration of the MK 25 UBA19-3.3 Packing Precautions19-3.4 Preventing Caustic Solutions in the Canister

19-4 CLOSED-CIRCUIT OXYGEN EXPOSURE LIMITS19-4.1 Transit with Excursion Limits Table19-4.2 Single-Depth Oxygen Exposure Limits Table19-4.3 Oxygen Exposure Limit Testing19-4.4 Individual Oxygen Susceptibility Precautions19-4.5 Transit with Excursion Limits19-4.6 Single-Depth Limits19-4.7 Exposure Limits for Successive Oxygen Dives19-4.8 Exposure Limits for Oxygen Dives Following Mixed-Gas or Air Dives19-4.9 Oxygen Diving at High Elevations19-4.10 Flying After Oxygen Diving19-4.11 Combat Operations

19-5 OPERATIONS PLANNING19-5.1 Operating Limitations19-5.2 Maximizing Operational Range19-5.3 Training19-5.4 Personnel Requirements19-5.5 Equipment Requirements19-5.6 Predive Precautions

19-6 PREDIVE PROCEDURES19-6.1 Equipment Preparation19-6.2 Diving Supervisor Brief19-6.3 Diving Supervisor Check

19-7 WATER ENTRY AND DESCENT19-7.1 Purge Procedure19-7.2 Avoiding Purge Procedure Errors

19-8 UNDERWATER PROCEDURES19-8.1 General Guidelines19-8.2 UBA Malfunction Procedures

19-9 ASCENT PROCEDURES. 19-10 POSTDIVE PROCEDURES AND DIVE DOCUMENTATION

Volume 5 - Diving Medicine & Recompression Chamber OperationsTable of Contents List of Illustrations List of Tables CHAPTER 20 Diagnosis and Treatment of Decompression Sickness and Arterial Gas Embolism20-1 INTRODUCTION20-1.1 Purpose20-1.2 Scope20-1.3 Diving Supervisors Responsibilities20-1.4 Prescribing and Modifying Treatments20-1.5 When Treatment is Not Necessary20-1.6 Emergency Consultation

20-2 ARTERIAL GAS EMBOLISM20-2.1 Diagnosis of Arterial Gas Embolism20-2.2 Treating Arterial Gas Embolism20-2.3 Resuscitation of a Pulseless Diver

20-3 DECOMPRESSION SICKNESS20-3.1 Diagnosis of Decompression Sickness20-3.2 Symptoms of Type I Decompression Sickness20-3.3 Treatment of Type I Decompression Sickness20-3.4 Symptoms of Type II Decompression Sickness20-3.5 Treatment of Type II Decompression Sickness20-3.6 Decompression Sickness in the Water20-3.7 Symptomatic Omitted Decompression20-3.8 Altitude Decompression Sickness

20-4 RECOMPRESSION TREATMENT FOR DIVING DISORDERS20-4.1 Primary Objectives20-4.2 Guidance on Recompression Treatment20-4.3 Recompression Treatment When Chamber Is Available20-4.4 Recompression Treatment When No Recompression Chamber is Available

20-5 TREATMENT TABLES20-5.1 Air Treatment Tables20-5.2 Treatment Table 520-5.3 Treatment Table 620-5.4 Treatment Table 6A20-5.5 Treatment Table 420-5.6 Treatment Table 720-5.7 Treatment Table 820-5.8 Treatment Table 9

20-6 RECOMPRESSION TREATMENT FOR NON-DIVING DISORDERS20-7 RECOMPRESSION CHAMBER LIFE-SUPPORT CONSIDERATIONS20-7.1 Minimum Manning Requirements20-7.2 Optimum Manning Requirements20-7.3 Oxygen Control20-7.4 Carbon Dioxide Control20-7.5 Temperature Control20-7.6 Chamber Ventilation20-7.7 Access to Chamber Occupants20-7.8 Inside Tenders20-7.9 Equalizing During Descent20-7.10 Use of High Oxygen Mixes20-7.11 Oxygen Toxicity During Treatment20-7.12 Loss of Oxygen During Treatment20-7.13 Treatment at Altitude

20-8 POST-TREATMENT CONSIDERATIONS20-8.1 Post-Treatment Observation Period20-8.2 Post-Treatment Transfer20-8.3 Flying After Treatments20-8.4 Treatment of Residual Symptoms20-8.5 Returning to Diving after Recompression Treatment

20-9 NON-STANDARD TREATMENTS20-10 RECOMPRESSION TREATMENT ABORT PROCEDURES20-10.1 Death During Treatment20-10.2 Impending Natural Disasters or Mechanical Failures

20-11 ANCILLARY CARE AND ADJUNCTIVE TREATMENTS20-11.1 Decompression Sickness20-11.2 Arterial Gas Embolism20-11.3 Sleeping and Eating

20-12 EMERGENCY MEDICAL EQUIPMENT20-12.1 Primary and Secondary Emergency Kits20-12.2 Portable Monitor-Defibrillator20-12.3 Advanced Cardiac Life Support Drugs20-12.4 Use of Emergency Kits

CHAPTER 21 Recompression Chamber Operation 21-1 INTRODUCTION21-1.1 Purpose21-1.2 Scope21-1.3 Chamber Definitions

21-2 DESCRIPTION21-2.1 Basic Chamber Components21-2.2 Fleet Modernized Double-Lock Recompression Chamber21-2.3 Recompression Chamber Facility (RCF)21-2.4 Standard Navy Double Lock Recompression Chamber System (SNDLRCS)21-2.5 Transportable Recompression Chamber System (TRCS)21-2.6 Fly Away Recompression Chamber (FARCC)21-2.7 Emergency Evacuation Hyperbaric Stretcher (EEHS)21-2.8 Standard Features

21-3 STATE OF READINESS21-4 GAS SUPPLY21-4.1 Capacity

21-5 OPERATION21-5.1 Predive Checklist21-5.2 Safety Precautions21-5.3 General Operating Procedures21-5.4 Ventilation

21-6 CHAMBER MAINTENANCE21-6.1 Postdive Checklist21-6.2 Scheduled Maintenance

21-7 DIVER CANDIDATE PRESSURE TEST21-7.1 Candidate Requirements21-7.2 Procedure

APPENDIX 5A Neurological Examination 5A-1 INTRODUCTION5A-2 INITIAL ASSESSMENT OF DIVING INJURIES5A-3 NEUROLOGICAL ASSESSMENT5A-3.1 Mental Status5A-3.2 Coordination (Cerebellar/Inner Ear Function)5A-3.3 Cranial Nerves5A-3.4 Motor5A-3.5 Sensory Function5A-3.6 Deep Tendon Reflexes

APPENDIX 5B First Aid5B-1 INTRODUCTION5B-2 CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION5B-3 CONTROL OF MASSIVE BLEEDING5B-3.1 External Arterial Hemorrhage5B-3.2 Direct Pressure5B-3.3 Pressure Points5B-3.4 Tourniquet5B-3.5 External Venous Hemorrhage5B-3.6 Internal Bleeding

5B-4 SHOCK5B-4.1 Signs and Symptoms of Shock5B-4.2 Treatment

APPENDIX 5C Dangerous Marine Animals 5C-1 INTRODUCTION5C-1.1 Purpose5C-1.2 Scope

5C-2 PREDATORY MARINE ANIMALS5C-2.1 Sharks5C-2.2 Killer Whales5C-2.3 Barracuda5C-2.4 Moray Eels5C-2.5 Sea Lions

5C-3 VENOMOUS MARINE ANIMALS5C-3.1 Venomous Fish (Excluding Stonefish, Zebrafish, Scorpionfish)5C-3.2 Highly Toxic Fish (Stonefish, Zebrafish, Scorpionfish)5C-3.3 Stingrays5C-3.4 Coelenterates5C-3.5 Coral5C-3.6 Octopuses5C-3.7 Segmented Worms (Annelida) (Examples: Bloodworm, Bristleworm)5C-3.8 Sea Urchins5C-3.9 Cone Shells5C-3.10 Sea Snakes5C-3.11 Sponges

5C-4 POISONOUS MARINE ANIMALS 5C-4.1 Ciguatera Fish Poisoning5C-4.2 Scombroid Fish Poisoning5C-4.3 Puffer (Fugu) Fish Poisoning5C-4.4 Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) (Red Tide)5C-4.5 Bacterial and Viral Diseases from Shellfish5C-4.6 Sea Cucumbers5C-4.7 Parasitic Infestation

5C-5 REFERENCES FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Index

Us Navy Rev-6 Air Tables

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Transcript of Us Navy Rev-6 Air Tables