US Imperialism

Close Read on Causes of Imperialism

Purpose: Identify the causes of imperialism

After reading the passage, answer the following questions:

1)According to Secretary of State William Seward, what would connect the American empire he dreamed of?

2)What made Americans realize that purchasing Alaska was not a mistake?

Why expand? Build an empire Countries want raw

materials for industrial growth (e.g. copper, rubber, tin)

New markets to sell goods

Increased military power

Desire to “civilize the savages”

Many Americans believed that the US should be isolationist (not get involved with other countries)

Many were afraid of permanent alliances with other countries

Imperialism vs. Isolationism

American Diary

Turn to page 674 in your textbook. Read the source labeled, American Diary. Was Albert J. Beveridge an imperialist or an isolationist? Explain your answer:

Sentence starter: Albert J. Beveridge was an _________ because ___________.

Alaska US bought Alaska from Russia in 1867 for $7.2 million

“Seward’s Folly” Added 600,000

square miles to USA Contained many

natural resources (fur, minerals, timber, gold, oil)

As America industrializes, it starts to look towards the Pacific Ocean as a possible place for expansion

Many American missionaries went there to convert native Hawaiians to Christianity

Missionaries opened businesses and became rich plantation owners

Major crop: Sugarcane Millions of dollars in

trade with the US

Hawaii

Hawaii By 1840s most shops & shipyards were owned by Americans

Sugar planters had a lot of power

- Force the Hawaiian king to sign a new constitution giving away all his power (bayonet constitution)- Controlled most aspects of Hawaiian gov’t & economy

- Only the monarchy was native Hawaiian

1893- Queen Liliuokalani presented new constitution that gave more power to the Hawaiian monarchy and people

Planters revolted and US sent Marines to help planters

Planters formed new gov’t and put US citizen in power as president

US votes to annex Hawaii in 1898 bc of its importance in the Spanish American War

Hawaii became a US territory in 1900 and the 50th state in 1959

Hawaii

Summary

Summarize in 1-2 sentences why Hawaii was so important to America.

Japan Japan followed an

isolationist policy for hundreds of years

- Banned travel to other countries

US wanted to start trading with Japan before Europe became involved

Sent Matthew Perry to persuade Japan to trade with US- Arrived with war ships and gifts- Japan signed trade treaty (agreement) soon after

Japan

Japan When Japan opened trade with US, it began to industrialize and modernize

- Period is known as the Meiji Restoration

With industrialization, Japan began to look to other countries for new sources of wealth & raw materials

Invaded China and won Became a respected

military power In 50 years, Japan went

from an isolated, agricultural society to a major world power

Japan

Primary Resource Analysis

Read the letter from President Fillmore to the Emperor of Japan on p. 19 of your notes and answer the following question:

According to the letter, why did President Fillmore send Commodore Perry to speak with the Emperor of Japan (list 3-4 reasons)?

China Europe, Japan, and the US saw China as weak

Nations began seizing territory throughout China in order to gain control of trade & raw materials (spheres of influence)

US wanted to ensure that it also could increase its influence in China

Issued an Open Door Policy saying that all nations should have equal access to China

China

Boxer Rebellion

Chinese resented foreign presence & power in their country

Anger erupted into rebellion in 1900 by Chinese Nationalists- Fists of Righteous Harmony (Nickname was Boxers)

Boxers attacked a compound where foreigners lived and killed over 200 people

US & other nations sent military to squash rebellion

After 2 months, the Boxers were defeated and China had to pay $333 million in reparations

Boxer Rebellion

Partner Question

Why did the Chinese resent the foreign presence in their country?

US Gears Up for War

Spain controlled many countries in Latin America

In 1895, Cubans revolted against Spanish rule

Spain responded by gathering 100,000’s of Cubans and putting them in concentration camps

Around 200,000 Cubans died from poor treatment

Many Americans felt sympathy for the Cuban rebels

They felt the Cuban revolution was like the American Revolution

US Gears Up for War

Yellow Journalism

Americans read about the revolt in the newspapers which were very critical (negative) of Spain

- Yellow journalism- newspapers wrote exaggerated stories about the revolt to incite US sympathy and to sell more papers

Joseph Pulitzer William Randolph Hearst

US Gears Up for War

1896-William McKinley was elected president and he strongly supported Cuban independence

Early 1898, US battleship, Maine, arrives in Cuba to protect US citizens & businesses

Ship mysteriously blows up and kills 260 US soldiers

War with Spain was declared soon after

How is this painting an example of Yellow

Journalism?

US quickly wins a victory in Philippines and takes control (allied with Filipino rebels)

Fighting continues in Cuba

Famous group: Rough Riders (led by Teddy Roosevelt) US soldiers who fought

bravely and won many battle

Newspaper reported many stories of heroism

Most American deaths weren’t on the battlefield

- Disease & food poisoning

Spanish-American War

US captures Puerto Rico

Forms a blockade around Cuba

Spanish ships cannot get in or out

Spain is soon defeated and signs a cease-fire on August 12, 1898

Spanish-American War cont’d

Settlement after War

US gains control of Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Philippines, and Guam

US faces dilemma (problem)

- Does the US maintain control over these new territories or does it give each country its independence?

Complete the Multiflow Thinking Map about Maintaining Control over new territories

Maintaining Control or Independence?

Cuba Becomes a US protectorate and eventually gets its full independence

Must promise that it won’t enter into any special partnerships with other countries besides the US

US gets a naval base: Guantanamo Bay

Puerto Rico Under direct military control of the US

A gov’t is created that is controlled by the US

Becomes US territory in 1917

Puerto Ricans granted US citizenship

Guam Becomes first US territory in Pacific Ocean

Philippines Sparks a huge debate in the US

Imperialists vs. Anti-Imperialists

Becomes a US territory

Filipino Rebellion

Filipino rebels felt betrayed by US

Declared war against the United States to fight for their independence in 1899

War lasted until 1902 when the Filipino rebels were defeated

40,000 Filipinos dead and 4,000 Americans dead

America gave the Philippines its independence July 4, 1946

Partner Question

What do the Chinese Boxers, Cuban rebels, and Filipino rebels all have in common?

Panama Canal

When the war began, the US battleship, Oregon, sailed out of Washington state to join the fight in Cuba

Journey took 67 days!

US gov’t started to look for ways to shorten the trip

Many European countries tried to build a canal, but failed

President Roosevelt believed the US needed a canal running through Central America

By having a canal, the US connects the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans

This strengthens our military and economic power and influence in the Western Hemisphere

Panama Canal

Panama Canal

US had to have treaty with Colombia to start construction on the Isthmus of Panama

Panamanians revolted against Colombian rule in 1903

Panama becomes an independent nation

US signs treaty with Panama, Hay-Buanu-Varilla Treaty, and gets a better deal

Video Clip about Panama Canal

Watch the clip about the locks at the Panama Canal

US Foreign Policy

US Presidents want to increase American influence around

the world

- If a country commits an extreme wrongdoing, the US must intervene using military force if necessary

- US becomes the “police force” of the Western Hemisphere

- “Speak softly and carry a big stick, you will go far.”

Roosevelt Corollary

Dollar Diplomacy

William Taft (1909)- Influence

Latin American governments through economic interventions

- Encourage stability by expanding US businesses

Woodrow Wilson (1913)- Spreading democracy ensures stability and prevents war and revolution

- Protect US interests by supporting democratic governments (countries with similar ideas are friendlier to us)

Moral Diplomacy

Compare/ContrastUsing your notes, complete the Thinking

Map comparing and contrasting the three foreign policies

Roosevelt Corollary Dollar DiplomacyMoral Diplomacy

Essential Question

How did America’s role in the world change after it became an imperial nation?