U.S. HISTORYU.S. HISTORY

SECTION 1.1 AND 1.2SECTION 1.1 AND 1.2

MR. ALLENMR. ALLEN

ANCIENT CULTURE IN THE ANCIENT CULTURE IN THE AMERICASAMERICAS

No one is sure when the first Americans No one is sure when the first Americans arrived, but it is assumed that it may have arrived, but it is assumed that it may have been 22,000 years agobeen 22,000 years ago

When the ice age receded, water lowered When the ice age receded, water lowered to create a land bridge between Asia and to create a land bridge between Asia and Alaska, as illustrated on the next slideAlaska, as illustrated on the next slide

BIG GAME HUNTERSBIG GAME HUNTERS

Early Americans were Early Americans were big game huntersbig game hunters

As climate grew As climate grew warmer, big animals warmer, big animals no longer thrivedno longer thrived

Early Americans Early Americans hunted smaller game hunted smaller game and became and became fishermanfisherman

Many ancient groups Many ancient groups continued south into continued south into Mexico and South Mexico and South AmericaAmerica

An agricultural revolution An agricultural revolution took place 5,000 to 10,000 took place 5,000 to 10,000 years ago and they years ago and they started planting cropsstarted planting crops

Some N. American Some N. American cultures remained cultures remained nomadic, moving from nomadic, moving from place to place in search of place to place in search of food and waterfood and water

MAYA, AZTEC AND INCAN MAYA, AZTEC AND INCAN SOCIETIES FLOURISHSOCIETIES FLOURISH

Aztecs settle in the valley of Mexico in the Aztecs settle in the valley of Mexico in the 1200s1200s

Mayan culture existed from 250 to 900ADMayan culture existed from 250 to 900AD

In south America around 1400 AD Inca In south America around 1400 AD Inca was a powerful and glittering empire that was a powerful and glittering empire that stretched nearly 2500 miles in South stretched nearly 2500 miles in South America.America.

MAYA, AZTEC AND INCAN MAYA, AZTEC AND INCAN SOCIETIES FLOURISHSOCIETIES FLOURISH

Native American Societies in the Native American Societies in the 1400s1400s

North America is a region of varying North America is a region of varying climates, so diverse cultures developedclimates, so diverse cultures developedSouthwest – The Pueblo and Pima tribes Southwest – The Pueblo and Pima tribes lived in multistory houses made of stone or lived in multistory houses made of stone or adobeadobeNortheast – Beneath the forest canopy the Northeast – Beneath the forest canopy the Iroquois nation hunted fish and game.Iroquois nation hunted fish and game.NE relied on hunting and SE people relied NE relied on hunting and SE people relied on the land for food, farmingon the land for food, farming

Common characteristicsCommon characteristics

Patterns of tradePatterns of trade

Attitudes toward land useAttitudes toward land use

Beliefs and social valuesBeliefs and social values

LAND WAS NOT TRADED – Source of lifeLAND WAS NOT TRADED – Source of life

THERE WAS AN EXTENSIVE TRADE THERE WAS AN EXTENSIVE TRADE NETWORK – Forest trails and river routes NETWORK – Forest trails and river routes between tribes all over the continentbetween tribes all over the continent

WEST AFRICA WEST AFRICA Why review this in a US history class?Why review this in a US history class?

WEST AFRICAWEST AFRICA

Important to the study of US history Important to the study of US history because of the slave trade and its impactbecause of the slave trade and its impact

West Africa was home to a variety of West Africa was home to a variety of sophisticated societiessophisticated societies

From this region originated most of the From this region originated most of the people who were enslaved and brought to people who were enslaved and brought to the Americasthe Americas

WEST AFRICAWEST AFRICA

Most West African Most West African societies lived in societies lived in small villages where small villages where life revolved around life revolved around familyfamily

Most West Africans Most West Africans believed in a single believed in a single creatorcreator

Trade with the middle Trade with the middle east brought about east brought about the arrival of Islamthe arrival of Islam

Portuguese began the Portuguese began the European slave tradeEuropean slave trade

Europe in the 1400sEurope in the 1400s

In the late 1400s, most Europeans also In the late 1400s, most Europeans also lived in small villages bound to the landlived in small villages bound to the land

Europeans bound to a social hierarchy Europeans bound to a social hierarchy based on rank. based on rank. Monarchs/aristocracy/landowning elite, Monarchs/aristocracy/landowning elite, peasantrypeasantry

Artists and Merchants achieved social Artists and Merchants achieved social mobilitymobility

WHAT WAS THE DOMINANT WHAT WAS THE DOMINANT RELIGION IN EUROPE IN THE RELIGION IN EUROPE IN THE

1400s?1400s?Christianity was the dominant religion in Christianity was the dominant religion in the 1400sthe 1400s

As Islam and Christianity spread, they As Islam and Christianity spread, they came in conflictcame in conflict

This weakened the European nobles and This weakened the European nobles and allowed monarchs to consolidate power.allowed monarchs to consolidate power.

Merchants gained power and helped these Merchants gained power and helped these new governments through taxesnew governments through taxes

The ReformationThe Reformation

Occurred in the 1500s, criticized church Occurred in the 1500s, criticized church practicespractices

Challenged the authority of the popeChallenged the authority of the pope

Created the tension that would later cause Created the tension that would later cause immigration to North Americaimmigration to North America

MAJOR NATIONS TAKING MAJOR NATIONS TAKING SHAPESHAPE

PORTUGALPORTUGAL

SPAINSPAIN

ENGLAND ENGLAND

FRANCEFRANCE

THE RENAISANCETHE RENAISANCE

A CULTURAL AWAKENING IN EUROPEA CULTURAL AWAKENING IN EUROPE

Resulted in an interest in the physical Resulted in an interest in the physical world that characterized Greece and world that characterized Greece and RomeRome

Started in Italy, spread from thereStarted in Italy, spread from there

GOLDGOLD

Europe’s gold and silver mines were Europe’s gold and silver mines were running low, so the monarchs looked west running low, so the monarchs looked west for wealth.for wealth.

Longbow and cannons allowed monarchs Longbow and cannons allowed monarchs to dominate first their nobles, than West to dominate first their nobles, than West Africans and Native AmericansAfricans and Native Americans

CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDINGCHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING

HOW DID THE FIRST AMERICANS HOW DID THE FIRST AMERICANS ARRIVE?ARRIVE?

WHAT WAS THE NAME OF 1 EARLY WHAT WAS THE NAME OF 1 EARLY AND ADVANCED AMERICAN AND ADVANCED AMERICAN CULTURE?CULTURE?

WHY DID WE LOOK AT EUROPE AND WHY DID WE LOOK AT EUROPE AND AFRICA?AFRICA?

CHAPTER 1 SECTION 2CHAPTER 1 SECTION 2

Spanish North AmericaSpanish North America

Christopher ColumbusChristopher Columbus

Crossed the Atlantic in 1492 while looking Crossed the Atlantic in 1492 while looking for a sea route to Asiafor a sea route to Asia

After 2 months of sailing he reached landAfter 2 months of sailing he reached land

Spent 96 days exploring 4 islandsSpent 96 days exploring 4 islands

Brought back gold and slavesBrought back gold and slaves

Spanish monarches were thrilled with his Spanish monarches were thrilled with his discoveries and financed 3 more tripsdiscoveries and financed 3 more trips

NOTES ON COLONIZATIONNOTES ON COLONIZATION

The arrival of Europeans devastated the The arrival of Europeans devastated the Native Americans with disease, so Native Americans with disease, so colonizers turned to Africacolonizers turned to Africa

TREATY OF TORDESILLAS – Spain and TREATY OF TORDESILLAS – Spain and Portugal agree to divide the Americas Portugal agree to divide the Americas between thembetween them

THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE – Trade THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE – Trade between native Americans and Europeansbetween native Americans and Europeans

SPAIN CLAIMS AN EMPIRESPAIN CLAIMS AN EMPIRE

SPAIN CLAIMS AN EMPIRESPAIN CLAIMS AN EMPIRE

Spanish Explorers took to the sea to claim Spanish Explorers took to the sea to claim new wealth for Spainnew wealth for SpainTaxes from these merchants enriched the Taxes from these merchants enriched the monarchymonarchyHernando Cortez landed in Mexico in 1519 Hernando Cortez landed in Mexico in 1519 with a force of 508 men, 16 horses and 10 with a force of 508 men, 16 horses and 10 cannons.cannons.They were amazed at the beauty of Aztec They were amazed at the beauty of Aztec landslands

Continued…Continued…

Cortez and his men hungered for goldCortez and his men hungered for gold

Montezuma thought that Cortez was a god Montezuma thought that Cortez was a god and gave him some of the empire’s gold and gave him some of the empire’s gold supplysupply

Eventually the Aztecs rebelled and tried to Eventually the Aztecs rebelled and tried to drive out the Spaniards. drive out the Spaniards.

However, many Native Americans fell However, many Native Americans fell victim because of disease and weaponry.victim because of disease and weaponry.

ResultsResults

In 1521 the Spanish and their Native In 1521 the Spanish and their Native American allies overran the Aztec Capital American allies overran the Aztec Capital Tenochtitlan and the Aztec surrenderedTenochtitlan and the Aztec surrendered

The Spanish oppressed the Native The Spanish oppressed the Native Americans and forced them to work in an Americans and forced them to work in an encomienda system where NA farmed, encomienda system where NA farmed, ranched or mined for Spanish lords. ranched or mined for Spanish lords.

CHAPTER 1 SECTION 3CHAPTER 1 SECTION 3EARLY BRITISH COLONIESEARLY BRITISH COLONIES

JOHN SMITH – ENGLISH MERCHANT

LED THE COLONY AT JAMESTOWN

SPANISH INFLUENCESPANISH INFLUENCE

SPANISH COLONIES FOUNDED BY SPANISH COLONIES FOUNDED BY RULERS/ENGLISH COLONIES BY RULERS/ENGLISH COLONIES BY JOINT STOCK COMPANIES WITH JOINT STOCK COMPANIES WITH INVESTORSINVESTORS

JAMESTOWN COLONISTS LOOKED JAMESTOWN COLONISTS LOOKED FOR GOLD AND NEGLECTED FOR GOLD AND NEGLECTED FARMING, ALMOST STARVINGFARMING, ALMOST STARVING

TOBACCO BECOMES A CASH TOBACCO BECOMES A CASH CROPCROP

JOHN SMITH FORCES COLONISTS TO JOHN SMITH FORCES COLONISTS TO FARM, SOON TOBACCO BECOMES A FARM, SOON TOBACCO BECOMES A CASH CROPCASH CROP

Tobacco required labor, so Virginia offered Tobacco required labor, so Virginia offered 50 acres of land to adventurers. 50 acres of land to adventurers.

Indentured servantsIndentured servants

African American Slaves first arrived in African American Slaves first arrived in 16191619

New EnglandNew England

Puritans, seeking freedom of religionPuritans, seeking freedom of religion

The Pilgrims migrate to America on the The Pilgrims migrate to America on the MayflowerMayflower

Mayflower compact – Important early step Mayflower compact – Important early step in democracyin democracy