US History II - The Trokan Websitethetrokanwebsite.weebly.com/.../7/...coldwar_part1.pdf · US...
Transcript of US History II - The Trokan Websitethetrokanwebsite.weebly.com/.../7/...coldwar_part1.pdf · US...
Yalta Conference – Feb. 1945 – FDR, Churchill and Stalin (Big Three) – planned post-WWII world◦ Stalin’s idea – punish Germany – compromised
said yes to free elections in East Europe, United Nations
Potsdam Conference – July 1945 – Truman, Churchill/Atlee, Stalin◦ No free elections in East Europe
◦ Soviets made Communist Eastern Bloc “satellites”
◦ Germany divided into 4 occupation zones
Question Capitalism Communism
Who chooses what
to produce?People Government
Who chooses who
produces it?People Government
Who chooses who
gets the products?People Government
A state of political tension and military rivalry between the Soviet Union and United States that stopped short of full scale war
Trials/executions of war criminals
Emperor Hirohito spared – seen as a semi-divine
Gen. Douglas MacArthur- commanded Japan’s occupation, helped turn Japan democratic
Hirohito and MacArthur
Hirohito and Reagan
Containment –1946- Truman’s policy toward communism – its expansion must be prevented
Truman Doctrine - ‘47– US will support “free peoples who are resisting subjugation by armed minorities or outside pressure”
US needed strong, stable countries in Western Europe – political allies to buy US goods
16 countries -$13 billion in aid
Communism lost much appeal in region**
Stalin blockaded West Berlin from aid – June 1948
US & Brits airlifted supplies – Soviets quit – May ‘49 ◦ May ‘49 – British, French, US Zones – West Germany
◦ Oct. ‘49 – Soviet Zone became East Germany
Berlin divided between the two countries!!
Berlin Airlift
Berlin Airlift 2
NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization – US, Canada, & Western Europe– 4/1949
Warsaw Pact – Soviets & Eastern Bloc– May 1955 –response to West Germany joining NATO
Korea – ex-Japanese colony – split in 2 after WWII
1948 – North & South Korea formally established
6/25/50 – Communist North Korea invaded South,
6/27/50 - Truman ordered US troops to Korea
UN troops (90% American) and South Koreans pushed North Koreans almost to Chinese border
300,000 Communist Chinese aid North Korea
Gen. MacArthur pushed for using nukes on China
Truman said “NO” – MacArthur fired
Next two years fighting over strategic positions
Korea kept divided – nuclear war avoided