U.S. History

Chapter 15: New Movements in America

Section 3: Reforming Society

Prison Reform

•2nd Great Awakening inspired people

•Reform efforts led by middle class women

Prison Reform

• Dorothea Dix: campaigned to improve the treatment of mentally ill people throughout the country

Dorothea Dix

Prison Reform

•Mentally ill jailed with common criminals

•Mental hospitals built

•Punishment of young offenders

•Education of prisoners

Campaigning against Alcohol Abuse

• Alcohol seen as cause of social problems

•Temperance Movement—social reform effort that encouraged people to use self-discipline to stop drinking liquor

Campaigning against Alcohol Abuse

• Lyman Beecher: Alcoholics “neglecting education of their families—and corrupting their morals”

• Some states ban alcohol sales

Lyman Beecher

Education in America

•Poor public education

•Education produces good workers & citizens

•Low expectations

Education in America

• Availability & quality varied

• Teachers untrained young men

• McGuffey’s Readers

McGuffey’s Readers

The Common-School Movement

• Common-School Movement—effort to have children of all backgrounds in the same school

• Horace Mann: leading advocate of movement

Horace Mann

Women’s Education

• Few women had beyond a grade school education

• Catharine Beecher: led women’s education reform

Catherine Beecher

Women’s Education

• Emma Willard: started the first college level institution for women in the U.S.

• Troy Female Seminary—first college level institution for women in the U.S.

Emma Willard

Women’s Education

• Mary Lyon: founder of Mount Holyoke Seminary

• Oberlin College: first co-educational college in the U.S.

Mary Lyon

African American Schools

•Expanded education opportunities

•African Americans attended separate schools

•Rarely attended college

African American Schools

•Oberlin College & Harvard accept African Americans

•Black colleges open

•Few obtained education in South

Teaching People w/ Disabilities

• Samuel Gridley Howe: worked to improve education of visually impaired Americans

• Thomas Gallaudet: worked to improve lives & education of hearing impaired

Thomas Gallaudet