U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey MTTOT – Montana Time-of-Travel A web-based...
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Transcript of U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey MTTOT – Montana Time-of-Travel A web-based...
U.S. Department of the InteriorU.S. Geological Survey
MTTOT –Montana Time-of-Travel
A web-based map application for estimating travel times in response to spills in Montana streams and rivers
Peter [email protected]
Recent Montana Spills
National News for 2014 Oil tanker derails in Lynchburg, VA; oil spills
into Jamestown River (Apr. 2014) 100,000 gallons of raw sewage spills into
Russian River in Guerneville, CA (Feb. 2014) Coal ash and arsenic-Dan River, NC (Feb,
2014) 3.5 Million gallons of sewage spill into Haw
River in Burlington, NC(Jan. 2014) Storage Tank Leaks MCHM in Charleston WV;
Elk River and Kanawha River (Jan. 2014)
Pipeline leaks 1 million gallons of saltwater near Mandaree, N.D. (July, 2014)
Gold, Russell and Dawson, Chester, (2014, September 21). Dangers Aside, Railways Reshape Crude Market. The Wall Street Journal. http://online.wsj.com/news/article_email/dangers-aside-railways-reshape-crude-market-1411353150-lMyQjAxMTA0MDIwMzEyNDMyWj
Fresh from the press
January 17, 2015-Bridger Pipeline rupture, oil present in the Yellowstone River
Spill approximately 9 miles upstream from Glendive, MT (population ~5,000)
Estimates of 1,200 bbl or 50,000 gal. spilled from pipeline.
Oil is Bakken shale oil Glendive public water supply has elevated
level of volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
Previous Montana TOT Studies Computer program for
estimating travel times on the Yellowstone River (SIR 2006-5057)
Dye-tracer study for low flows on Yellowstone River (SIR 2009-5261)
Dye-tracer study for low flows on Missouri River (SIR 2012-5044)
All studies funded by MT DEQ
Cooperator Need
Montana Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) responsible for protecting one of Montana’s most important public resources-WATER DEQ is responsible for maintaining public health
through a safe and adequate supply of drinking water
DEQ is responsible for identifying public water systems, sources, and potential contaminant sources, and is required to assess the susceptibility and respond to risks
Cooperator Need
DEQ needs a tool or application which: Is easy to use Web-based Estimates travel times Identifies public water supplies and other
locations of interest downstream from spills (i.e. irrigation diversions, shallow aquifer wells, wetlands, etc.)
Quickly provides estimates based on real-time streamflow
Travel Time Theory Jobson (1996) developed regression
equations to estimate travel times and longitudinal dispersion in rivers and streams
Gregory Schwarz-USGS SPARROW Team is updating Jobson’s equations
Regression/input variables River slope River length Drainage area Mean annual discharge Real-time discharge Spill Mass
Travel Time Theory
Jobson’s Equations estimate the following
Most Probable Velocity (best predictor) Travel times for leading edge, peak, and
trailing edge Peak concentration
Maximum Probable Velocity (envelope curve) Travel times for leading edge, peak, and
trailing edge Peak concentration
Limitations of Jobson’s Equations
Soluble and conservative contaminants Streamflow limitations (low flow to bank full) Steady state flow Dams, reservoirs, and lakes
Location NHD+V2-Dams are included State databases Accuracy
Parameters Volume Discharge Residence time
Program Development
Hydrologic Network Map (GIS) based Web-based
Program Development
User Real-time discharge* Spill location Spill mass
StreamStats River slope River length Drainage area Mean annual
discharge Real-time
discharge*
Program Development
DEQ requirements Secure login for sensitive info Tabled output for points of interest
Public water supply locations Irrigation diversions Wetlands Permitted withdrawals for commercial or industrial Nearby shallow aquifer wells
Map output Save/Load/Print functionality Manually enter observed data
Program Development
Development by National StreamStats Develop base application within StreamStats which
employs Jobson’s Equations (or updated version of travel time equations)
Use nearby real-time streamflow gages Use existing hydrography to determine stream
slope, length, and drainage area Use existing hydrography and local regression
equations to estimate mean annual discharge Develop input/output options
Program Development
Development at state and local level Regional regression equations for mean annual
flow1
Regional studies for estimating real-time discharge at ungaged locations
Develop database for public water supplies, wetlands, irrigation diversions, and other sites of interests
Dye-tracer studies to validate or develop stream specific travel time equations
Address how travel time is impacted by lakes and reservoirs
1Updated equations may not use mean annual flow
Funding
Montana Montana Department of Natural Resources
Renewable Resource Grant Program Application (proposal) submitted through DEQ Awarded through Montana Legislature Max $125,000
USGS Cooperative Funding Match
Interests
USGS-Water Mission Areas StreamStats Team
Will develop the TOT application Possible FY16 appropriated funds
WY-MT WSC-proposal submitted-Not funded Proposals and work plans submitted by
Kentucky WSC New York WSC Idaho WSC
Additional Research Needs
Local studies for real-time discharge PRMS Hydrograph or duration
curve comparisons National Weather Service
Dye-tracer studies Non-soluble transport
LNAPL DNAPL
Additional Research Needs
Stream hydrography Medium Resolution High Resolution LiDAR based channel
parameters
Additional Research Needs Spill inundation mapping
http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/
Further Discussion Emergency Spill
Response Team Similar to Burned Area
Emergency Response (BAER)
Clarks Fork Yellowstone deployments
Funding, equipment, QW tests
Spill response plan
Conclusion Develop a basic national
time-of-travel tool using StreamStats as platform Basic regression equations Utilize studies on a state by
state basis
Regional studies for enhancing TOT tool Real-time discharge estimation Dye-tracer time-of-travel
results