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Citations from the NTIS

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Waste O i l Reclamation (1970 - May 8 4 )

POLLUTION PREVENTION PAYS PROGRAM Department of Watunl Hesources & Community Development

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PB84-869544

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BIBLIOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

PB84-869544

Waste Oil Reclamation (1970 - May 84) (Citations from the NTIS Database)

dun 84

National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA

Report period covered: 1970 - May 84 Supersedes pbB3-800383.

This bibliography contains citations concerning the reclamation and recycling of used lubricating oils. Topics include specific program descriptions. re-refining techniques, and reclaimed oil Performance. Regulations and standards are also discussed. (This updated bibliography contains 91 citations, 29 of which are new entries to the previous edition,)

PRICE CODE: PC NO1 M F NO1

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Ti t le - - - - - - - -Magnet ic -opt ic Materials for Biasing Ring Laser Gyros.

Author-------Krebs. J.J. Prinz, G.A.

Corporate----Naval Research Lab Washington OC JRNL.. and issue Author U7910 Report date-Apr 78. 40P Rept no. NRL-MR-3870

Proj. F21234

Abstract-----A series of new materials, including magnetic glasses of FE-SI and FE-B invarying compositions, permalloys. standards FE. NI, and CO have been fabricated and Characterized. These results. as well as an analysis o f the application of Magneto-optic Materials to the Laser Gyro Bias problems, are presented, AUTHOR

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K e y w o r d - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ ~ o n

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T I T L E

WASTE O I L RECYCLING CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT PROJECT.

FLEET TEST OF RE-REFINE0 O I L . F I R S T ANNUAL PRDGRESS REPORT,

F E A S I B I L I T Y OF DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE USED LUBRICATING O I L R E - R E F I N I N G .

NORTH CAROLINA USED-MOTOR-OIL RE-REFINING PROGRAM: ECONOMICS AND L O G I S T I C S ; AND OPERATING RESULTS. TOPICAL REPORT 3.

FATE OF HAZARDOUS AN0 NONHAZAROOUS WASTES I N USED-OIL DISPOSAL AND RECYCLING. F I N A L REPORT.

TURBINE ENGINE LUBRICANT RECLAMATION.

USED LUBRICATING O I L RE-REFINING DEMONSTRATION PLANT DATA A C Q U I S I T I O N : LAKEWDOO O I L SERVICE. GOVERNMENTAL P E R M I T T I N G PROCESS REPORT,

DEVE-OPMENT OF F - t A S c A 5 A F I L T E R U E D I A FOR nVDROCARBOhS F l h A L REPORT.

L U B R I C A T I N G - O I L BASESTOCK DATA AND A N A L Y S I S : BASED ON THE ASTM-NBS BASESTOCK CONSISTENCY STUDY.

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS O F F I C E OF RECYCLE0 MATERIALS 1976-1982: A C T I V I T I E S AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS PURSUANT TO THE MANDATES OF SECTION 3 8 3 C OF THE ENERGY POLICY CONSERVATION ACT AND TO THE MANDATES OF S U B T I T L E E OF THE RESOURCE CONSERVATION AN0 RECOVERY ACT.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY I N USED O I L RECYCLING

RE-REFINED LUBE O I L CONSISTENCY AN0 Q U A L I T Y : THE U L T I M A T E QUESTIONS,

RE-REFINED BASE O I L CHARACTERIZATION AN0 CONSISTENCY MONITORING.

HYOROTREATING FOR RE-REFINED L U B R I C A T I N G O I L . F I N A L TECHNICAL REPORT.

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USEO LUBRICATING O I L RE-REFINING DEMONSTRATION PLANT DATA A C Q U I S I T I O N . TOPICAL REPORT I. ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS.

WASTE LUBRICATING O I L : AN ANNOTATED REVIEW, 1 9 8 2 R E V I S I O N .

NORTH CAROLINA USED-MOTOR-OIL RE-REFINING PROGRAM. TOPICAL REPORT 2. ECONOMICS AN0 L O G I S T I C S : STARTUP EXPERIENCE AN0 OPERATING PROJECTIONS.

REUSE OF WASTE O I L AT ARMY I N S T A L L A T I O N S .

RECYCLING-OIL .

NBS RESEARCH ON RE-REFINE0 ENGINE O I L TESTS,

BANBURY O I L RECYCLING. F I N A L REPORT,

ALTERNATIVE U T I L I Z A T I O N : RECYCLE0 O I L USEO AS FUEL

NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RECYCLING OF USED LUBRICATING O I L S . NEW O E L H I 1-2 DECEMBER 1975 - PROCEEDINGS.

ENHANCE0 U T I L I Z A T I O N OF USED LUBRICATING O I L RECYCLING PROCESS BY-PRODUCTS. F I N A L REPORT,

DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW D I S T I L L A T I O N PROCESS FOR R E - R E F I N I N G WASTE O I L I N ORDER TO AVOID ENVIRONMENTAL BURDENS. PHASE 1 : PRELIMINARY TESTS I N BERN.

CHARACTERIZATION AN0 EVALUATION OF RE-REFINED ENGINE LUBRICATING O I L .

E M U L S I F I E D I N D U S T R I A L O I L S RECYCLING

RE-REFINED LUBRICATING BASE O I L S : E S T A B L I S H I N G CONSISTENCY AN0 QUAL1,TY.

PROGRAM GUIDE TO USED-OIL RECYCLING

I N I T I A L ASSESSMENT OF SELECTED ADVANCED LUBRICATING O I L F I L T E R S .

DETERMINATION OF BENZO(A)PYRENE I N RECYCLED O I L S B Y A SEQUENTIAL HPLC METHOD.

ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL USEO O I L RECOVERY FROM I N D I V I D U A L S . F I N A L REPORT.

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STUDIES FOR RECYCLING USED O I L : PLANS ARE OUTLINOED FOR LARGE-SCALE ENVIRONMENTALLY-ACCEPTABLE O I L R E - R E F I N E R I E S .

WASTE O I L : NORTH CAROLINA'S RECOVERED RESOURCE ( I N N O V A T I O N S )

STATUS REPORT ON THE CHARACTERIZATION OF RE-REFINE0 L U B R I C A T I N G BASE O I L S .

TECHNICAL A C T I V I T I E S 1980 OFFICE OF RECYCLE0 MATERIALS

A C I D SLUDGE U T I L I Z A T I O N

REVIEW OF ALL LUBRICANTS USEO I N THE US AN0 T H E I R RE-REFIN ING P O T E N T I A L .

F E A S I B I L I T Y STUDY FOR THE RETROFITTING OF USED O I L RE-REFINERIES TO THE BETC SOLVENT TREATMENT/OIST ILLATION PROCESS,

ENGINEERING DESIGN OF A SOLVENT TREATMENT/DIST ILLATION USED L U B R I C A T I N G O I L RE-REFINERY.

P I L C T - S C A - E JSEO 01- R E - R E F I N I h G - S I h G A SO-VEh1 T R E A T M E h ? / O I S T I - ~ A T I O h PROCESS.

WASTE LUBRICATING O I L : AN ANNOTATED REVIEW

COMPARISON OF SLUDGE SEPARATION PROCESSES I N THE BERC USED L U B R I C A T I N G O I L R E - R E F I N I N G PROCESS. F I N A L REPORT,

CHARACTERIZATION OF H I G H B O I L I N G F O S S I L FUEL D I S T I L L A T E S V I A EXP 1 H AN0 EXP 1 3 C NMR A N A L Y S I S . QUARTERLY REPORT JULY 1 1978--SEPTEMBER 30 1978.

KEAS-REMEhTS AN0 STAkOARCS FOR RECVC-ED O I L - 1 1 . PROCEEOIhGS OF A CONFEREhtE n E L 0 AT THE h A T I O h A L BLREA- OF STANDARDS GAITnERSBaRG MARYLAND O h NOVEMBER 29 AkD 30 1977 .

BERC RE-REFIN ING PROCESS: AN ENGINEERING EVALUATION F I N A L REPORT.

U T I L I Z A T I O N OF USED O I L . F I N A L REPORT,

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CLAY-CONTACTING RE-REFINED L U B R I C A T I N G O I L S : A PARAMETER STUDY.

USEO O I L RECYCLING I N I L L I N O I S : DATA BOOK

SOLVENT TREATMENT OF USED L U B R I C A T I N G O I L TO REMOVE COKING AN0 FOULING PRECURSORS.

PROCESS FOR PREPARING LUBRICATING O I L FROM USEO WASTE LUBRICATING O I L .

BERC RE-REFINING PROCESS: COMPARISON OF HYOROFINISHING VERSUS CLAY CONTACTING.

WASTE O I L I N ALASKA. AN EVALUATION OF WASTE O I L GENERAL AND DISPOSAL AND RECOMMENOATIONS FOR USE AND CONSERVATION. TASK A REPORT: WASTE O I L GENERATION AN0 D I S P O S A L .

MANAGEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL R I S K : A L I M I T E D INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT OF THE WASTE O I L R E F I N I N G INDUSTRY.

METHOD FOR RECLAIMING WASTE LUBRICATING O I L S

U.S. ARMY/ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY RE-REFINED ENGINE O I L PROGRAM.

USED O I L RECYCLING K I T

METHOD FOR RECLAIMING WASTE L U B R I C A T I N G O I L S .

COMPARISON OF BERC RE-REFIN ING PROCESS WITH A C I D / C L A Y / O I S T I L L A T I D N PROCESS.

PREOESIGN COST ESTIMATE FOR RE-REFINE0 LUBE O I L PLAN1

WASTE LUBRICATING O I L RESEARCH: A COMPREHENSIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF F I V E T Y P I C A L RE-REFINERY FEEDSTOCKS. PART 5 .

ASSESSMENT I N I N O U S T R I A L HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT PETROLEUM RE-REFINING INDUSTRY.

INSPECTION OF P O L I C E CRUISER ENGINES OPERATED U S I N G RE-REFINED AN0 V I R G I N BASE0 CRANKCASE LUBRICANTS,

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WAYS THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE CAN IMPROVE O I L RECYCLING,

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF NEW USED AN0 RE-REFINED LUBRICATING O I L S .

TREATMENT OF WASTE L U B R I C A T I N G O I L USING BERCIEROA SOLVENT.

THE BURN-OFF OF WASTE L U B R I C A T I N G O I L S I N COAST GUARD POWERPLANTS. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

WASTE O I L STUDY. REPORT TO THE CONGRESS,

A TECHNICAL AN0 ECONOMIC STUDY OF WASTE O I L RECOVERY. PART I V . ENERGY CONSUMPTION I N WASTE O I L RECOVERY, PART V. A F I E L O TEST OF THE QUALITY OF RE-REFINE0 LUBE OILS. PbRT V I . A REVIEW OF RE-REFIN ING ECONOMICS.

WASTE L U B R I C A T I N G O I L RESEARCH: A COMPARISON OF BENCH-TEST PROPERTIES OF RE-REFINE0 AN0 V I R G I N LUBRICATING O I L S .

CONSERVATION OF PETROLEUM WASTES AT RED R I V E R ARMY DEPOT.

WASTE AUTOMOTIVE L U B R I C A T I N G O I L REUSE AS A F U E L ,

PRELIMINARY DESIGN OF A COMPREHENSIVE WASTE O I L PROCESSING F A C I L I T Y .

PETROLEUM L U B R I C A T I N G O I L S AN0 O I L AOOI?IVES

RECYCLING OF WASTE O I L S .

A TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC STUDY OF WASTE O I L RECOVERY PART I : FEDERAL RESEARCH ON O I L FROM AUTOMOBILES.

A TECHNICAL AN0 ECONOMIC STUDY OF WASTE O I L RECOVERY, PART 1 1 : AN I N V E S T I G A T I O N OF DISPERSED SOURCES OF USE0 CRANKCASE O I L S .

A TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC STUDY OF WASTE O I L RECOVERY. PART I l l : ECONOMIC TECHNICAL AN0 I N S T I T U T I O N A L BARRIERS TO WASTE O I L RECOVERY.

WASTE L U B R I C A T I N G O I L RESEARCH. A COMPARISON OF BENCH-TEST PROPERTIES OF RE-REFINE0 AN0 V I R G I N L U B R I C A T I N G O I L S .

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DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENT FOR EFFLUENT L I M I T A T I O N S G U I D E L I N E S AND NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR THE PETROLEUM R E F I N I N G POINT SOURCE CATEGORY.

USED O I L LAW I N THE U N I T E D STATES AN0 EUROPE

WORKSHOP ON RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES FOR STUDIES OF ENERGY FOOD MAN AN0 ENVIRONMENTWASTE O I L RECYCLING AN0 D I S P O S A L .

OISPOSAL/RECYCLE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT FOR A I R FORCE WASTE PETROLEUM O I L S AND LUBRICANTS.

STATE O F MARYLAND WASTE O I L RECOVERY AN0 REUSE PROGRAM.

WASTE LUBRICATING O I L RESEARCH. SOME INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO RECLAIMING USE0 CRANKCASE O I L .

WASTE O I L RECOVERY PRACTICES STATE OF THE ART 1972.

WASTE L U B R I C A T I N G O I L RESEARCH. AN I N V E S T I G A T I O N OF SEVERAL R E - R E F I N I N G METHODS.

WATER POLLUTION CONTROL DEMONSTRATION

CONVERSION OF CRANKCASE WASTE O I L I N T O USEFUL PRODUCTS.

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CITATIONS

WASTE OIL RECYCLING CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT PROJECT 0E84003145

CORP. SOURCE- Community Development Corp.. Brownsville. TX JOURNAL V 0 L . - u8409 no900 REPORT DATE- 1984 PAGINATION- 75p REPORT NO.- DOER612055-Ti CONT. NO.- FG46-80R612055 NTIS Prices- PC A04/MF A01

A long range project for recycling used lubricating oil in extreme south Texas is described. The amount of waste oil available for collection was surveyed. Of the businesses contacted, 62% expressed a willingness to participate in a collection program. Current disposal methods for waste oil are covered as well as attitudes toward PeCyCled oil. (ERA citation 09:004896)

FLEET TEST OF RE-REFINED OIL. FIRST ANNUAL PROGRESS REPORT COO-4074-3

Ulrichson. 0. L

CORP. SOURCE- Iowa State Univ.. Ames. JOURNAL VOL: US408 no200 REPORT DATE- May 77 PAGINATION- iip CONT. NO.- EY-76-5-02-4074 NTIS Prices- PC A02/MF A01

This test is designed to obtain comparative performance data on re-refined and virgin iOW-30 motor oils and hydraulic oils in fleet use. The vehicles are provided by the Iowa Department of Transportation, The re-refined oils are the commercial product from Motor Oils Refining Company, MORCO. and the experimental product from the Bartlesville Energy Research Center. BERC. Forty-six vehicles which include station wagons. pickups, and trucks with hydraulic systems are being operated in normal use with one vehicle on virgin oil for each vehicle on re-refined oil. Oil change samples are being analyzed by standard ASTM methods. 4000. 8000, and 10.000 mile oil change intervals are being used. All vehicles were in operation by September, 1976. All test 0th are performing satisfactorily at all three drain intervals. No significant differences have been noted among the three oils. Twelve of the vehicles on 4000 mile drain intervals

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have been changed to 8000 mile drain intervals to increase the stress on the oils. Final discrimination among oils will be based on deposit and wear ratlngs to be made by an independent laboratory and on the accumulated analytical data from oil change samples. 4 tables. ( E R A citation 02:058327)

FEASIBILITY OF DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE USED LUBRICATING OIL RE-REFINING. AD-A136 641 /8

Kubarewicz, J. Shea. T. Mikucki, W . J

CORP. SOURCE- Conetruction Engineering Research Lab. (Army). Champaign, IL . JOURNAL V0L . - u8407 OESCRIP. NOTE- Final rept. REPORT DATE- Oec 83 PAGINATION- i07p CONT. NO.- OACA88-83-M-0267 MNTR. AGNCY.- CERL TN-N-171 NTIS Prices- PC AO6/MF A01

The Department of Defense (OOD) annually procures and uses a large amount of lubricating oil in its vehicle fleets. This results in a significant volume of used lubricating oil being generated at DO0 installations. Characteristics of this used lubricating oil can lead to its consideration as a hazardous waste. While Federal regulations classifying used oil as a hazardous waste have not been promulgated, this is expected to change in late 1983 o r early 1984. Several states have already Classified used oil as a hazardous waste in advance of Federal action. One significant option for the disposal Of used lubricating or1 is recovery and re-refining to produce a product capable of meeting military specifications (mil specs) for lubricating oil. The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of capture and re-refining of all 000 used lubricating oil, The quantities of virgin oil currently procured and the capture potential are examined as is the degree of technical Sophistication available in the re-refining industry. A mathematical model involving the Costs of transport and re-refining Of used oil and backhauling the re-refined product was developed and exercised on the available data. Results indioate that capture and re-refining of 000’s used lubricating oil is feasible under Seleotad conditions with the Cost of transportation being a major factor. The re-refining industry has both the capacity and the technical sophistication to produce a re-refined oil capable of meeting military specifications.

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NORTH C A R O L I N A USED-MOTOR-OIL R E - R E F I N I N G PROGRAM: ECONOMICS AN0 L O G I S T I C S : AND OPERATING RESULTS. TOPICAL REPORT 3 . DE84001448

Canada, J . R .

CORP. SOURCE- North Carol ina State Government, Raleigh. JOURNAL V 0 L . - u8407 no900 REPORT DATE- Ju1 83 PAGINATION- 20p REPORT NO.- @OECS40338-3 CONT. N O . - FG01-80CS40338 AVAIL. NOTE- Por t ions are i l l e g i b l e i n microf iche products. Or ig ina l copy ava i lab le u n t i l stock i s exhausted. N T I S Pr ices- PC A02/MF A 0 1

This i s the t h i r d i n a planned ser ies of top ica l repor ts on a program t o develop and demonstrate a State-operated r e - r e f i n i n g system f o r used engine o i l . The North Carol ina O i l Re-Refining F a c i l i t y , using a 2,000,000 g a l l o n input per year PROP p l a n t , was i n s t a l l e d in l a t e 1980. During the f i r s t year o f s t a r t u p operat ion ending December 31. 1981, approximately 137.000 gal lons were proddced. Report 2 o f t h i s ser ies r e f l e c t s on the s t a r t u p experience and f i n a n c i a l r e s u l t s f o r the f i r s t year o f operat ion (1981) as wel l as p ro jec ted expectarions a t t h a t t ime. Tnis repor t Concentrates on operat ing and f i n a n c i a l r e s u l t s f o r is82 and the f i r s t f i v e months of 1983. During the i 7 months ending May 1983 on ly about 270.000 gal lons were produced and so ld . Based on normal annual accounting the loss f o r t h a t per iod was 5685 ,060 and the cashflow loss was 5480.679. Even a f t e r subs tan t ia l upgrading modi f icat ions were done i n 1982-83. the p l a n t s t i l l has major throughput problems. the greatest o f which i s the requi red q u a l i t y and quant i t y of used o i l feedstock. The r e p o r t describes f i n a n c i a l r e s u l t s , cost-var iance analyses. product ion impediments encountered, and a lso p r o j e c t s f u t u r e operat ing volumes necessary f o r the f a c i l i t y t o cover Costs. (ERA c i t a t i o n 09:000179)

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F A T E OF HAZARDOUS AN0 NONHAZARDOUS WASTES I N USED-OIL DISPOSAL AN0 R E C Y C L I N G . F I N A L REPORT. DE84002555

Surprenant. N . F . Battye. W . H . Fennel ly, P . F

The primary o b j e c t i v e of t h i s program was t o i d e n t i f y the hazardous and nonhazardous compounds tna t might reasonably be found i n used o i l and t o e s t a b l i s h t h e i r f a t e under a v a r i e t y o f disposal and r e c y c l i n g scenarios. Those considered were sewer disposal . road o i l i n g . combustion as a f u e l , reprocessing by physical methods t o produce a s p e c i f i c a t i o n f u e l , and var ious r e - r e f i n i n g processes. A secondary ob jec t ive was t o assess the p o t e n t i a l environmental impact o f the contaminants i n the waste and product stpeami associated w i t h each scenario. The hazardous and nonhazardous compounds of major i n t e r e s t i n waste o i l were i d e n t i f i e d by l i t e r a t u r e review, interviews w i t h p a r t i c i p a n t s i n waste o i l a c t i v i t i e s , and by laboratory analys is of 24 samples of waste o i l s obtained from recyc lers and users. The Contaminants were p r i o r i t i z e d according t o t h e i r concentrat ions i n the o i l and t h e i r hea l th impacts, as determined by threshold l i m i t values, d r i n k i n g water standards, o r other measures o f multimedia hea l th impacts. The p r i o r i t i z e d l i s t i n g formed the basis f o r the preparat ion of the COMPOSITE o i l used i n the experimental s imulat ion s tud ies of the waste o i l disposal and recyc l ing scenarios. The experimental s imu la t ion s tud ies were designed t o e s t a b l i s h the f a t e , through mater ia l balance if possible, o f s p e c i f i c contaminants under condi t ions tha t were representat ive o f those normally encountered i n each s i t u a t i o n , I n a d d i t l o n t o the laboratory s imulat ion studies, computer s imulat ions were conducted t o assess the physical t ranspor t of s p e c i f i c compounds dur ing t y p i c a l r e - r e f i n i n g operat ions such as dehydration. l i g h t end removal, and vacuum d i s t i l l a t i o n . 126 references, 15 f igures , 93 tab les . (ERA c i t a t i o n 09:000i78)

4

TURBINE ENGINE LUBRICANT RECLAMATION. AD-Ai35 926/4

Bruns, R . J . Beemsterboer. G . L

C O R P . SOURCE- Monsanto Research Corp.. Dayton. OH. Dayton Lab JOURNAL V0L.- us406 O E S C R I P . NOTE- F ina l r e p t . 1 Sep 79-1 Mar 83 REPORT DATE- dun 83 PAGINATION- 26513 REPORT NO.- MRC-OA-1120 CONT. NO.- F33615-79-C-2052 PROJ. NO.- 3048 TASK NO.- 06 MNTR. AGNCY.- OBFWAL TR-83-2042 NTIS Pr ices- PC A12/MF A O i SUPL INFO- SEE ALSO REPT. NO. AFAPL-TR-78-50, AD-A071 813.

A d i s t i l l a t i o n and adsorpt ion treatment f o r rec la iming used MIL-L-7808 tu rb ine o i l s was inves t iga ted . A v i a b l e a d d i t i v e package was tested on d i f f e r e n t MIL-L-7808 type v i r g i n base Stocks. F i f t e e n used o i l s were analyzed by a c i d number, h igh performance l i q u i d chromatography. and gas chromatography. A d i s t i l l a t i o n process U t i l i z i n g caus t ic (sodium hydroxide) pretreatment was developed on 500-mL and 1 3 - l i t r e sca les. Adsorption treatment o f d i s t i l l e d o i l s cons is ted o f barium hydroxide monohydrate. A t o t a l o f t e n 15-25 g a l l o n batches o f oil were rec'iaimed/reformulated and MIL-L-780BH tes ted , Test r e s u l t s were genera l l y good. However. none of the 10 batches completely passed a l l o f the t e s t s . A n extensive screening procedure was found necessary t o i d e n t i f y contaminated used o i l samples. A n engineering Cost study i s included,

USED LUBRICATING OIL RE-REFINING DEMONSTRATION PLANT DATA A C Q U I S I T I O N : LAKEWOOO OIL S E R V I C E . GOVERNMENTAL PERMITTING PROCESS REPORT. DE84001156

CORP. SOURCE- Nat ional I n s t . f o r Petroleum and Energy Research, B a r t l e s v i l l e , O K . JOURNAL v0L.- u8406 no900 REFORT DATE- Nov 83 PAGINATION- 77p REPORT NO.- OOEBC10658-6 CDNT. NO.- AC19-818C10658 AVAIL. NOTE- Por t ions are i l l e g i b l e in mlc ro f i che products. Or ig ina l copy a v a i l a b l s u n t i l stock i s exhausted. NTIS Pr ices- PC A05/MF A O i

Lakewood O i l Service has h i s t o r i c a l l y processed used o i l f o r burner f u e l . Three year5 ago Lakewood decided t o b u i l d a r e - r e f i n e r y t o process f i v e m i l l i o n ga l lons of used o i l t o a q u a l i t y l u b r i c a n t base stock. .. This r e p o r t I S the f i r s t i n a sevies of three top ica l r e p o r t s and a f i n a l summary r e p o r t .

5

This report documents the environmental permitting process encountered by Lakewood in Southern California. Subsequent topical reports will cover construction and startup, and the economic and technical aspects of steady-state plant operation. After reviewing the environmental permitting process, some recommendations to help expedite the environmental permitting process for future applicants are suggested: ( 1 ) determine if the state has an office o r agency to help with permitting generally: ( 2 ) request application information as early as possible; (3) request application package not just forms: (4) ask agencies how long it takes to evaluate an application and if pre-application meetings with technical staff are available; (5) review application forms for required information that a. is on hand, b . must be obtained through an outside source, c. is required on other applications, d. may need clarification; ( 6 ) review application forms for required prerequisite approvals; ( 7 ) be Sure application forms ape as complete as possible before submittal. A recommended order for environmental permit application submittal for an oil re-refinery in California, based on the above recommendations, is shown as Flow Chart X . (ERA citation 09:000155)

DEVELOPMENT OF FLYASH 4s A FILTER MEDIA FOR HYDROCARBONS FINAL REPORT. 0E84900200

Wilson. 0. 6 .

CORP. SOURCE- New Mexico State Univ., Las Cruces. oept. of Chemical Engineering, JOURN4L V0L.- us406 no900 REPORT DATE- Sep 82 PAGINATION- i1Op REPORT N0.- NMEROI-2-66-3215 AVAIL. NOTE- Portions are illegible in microfiche products. N T I S Prices- PC 406IMF 401

This report describes the investigation of using flyash as a filter media (adsorbent). Three systems are examined: ( 1 ) flyash as a replacement for clay in the conventional acid-clay treatment of rerefined lubricating oil. The potential for subsequent use of the reject acid sludge (contains flyash) for cement kilning is examined: (2) flyash as an adsorbent for separating water from the ethanol-water azeotrope. Subsequent disposal of the flyash is discussed: and (3) flyash as an adsorbent for radioactive material from aqueous solutions. Results indicate that flyash is an acceptable substitute for diatomaceous earth as a precoat material or filter aid in rotary vacuum filtration. The

6

structure of the flyash provided good retention of solids (clays) at high filtration rates. Flyash did not remove the color from rerefined lubricating oil and was not considered further as a replacement for clay in this application. Flyash adsorbed a small quantity of water from the ethanol-water azeotrope; however, it was not as good an adsorbent material as Davidson 38 molecular sieve. Flyash does have a cost advantage (excluding shipping) and if the spent adsorbent flyash could find use as a soil conditioner (or other local use). It could be used on a once-through basis. Flyash did not adsorb radium to any appreciable extent; however, it was a satisfactory filter aid material for use to increase the permeability of the filter cake when clay was used to adsorb the radium. Flyash did not leach any contaminants into the three systems examined - lube oil. ethanol-water. and radium (aqueous) solution. 26 references. 2 1 figures, 18 tables. (ERA citation 09:000089)

LUBRXCATING-OIL BASESTOCK DATA AN0 ANALYSIS: BASED ON THE ASTM-NBS EASESTOCK CONSISTENCY STUDY. DE84002002

Becker. D . A . HSU, 5. M . Weeks, S

CORP. SOURCE- National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC. JOURNAL V0L.- u8405 n0900 REPORT DATE- OCt 83 PAGINATION- 482p REPORT NO.- DOEBCiQ749-2 CONT. NO.- AI19-82ECiO749 AVAIL. NOTE- Portions are illegible in microfiche products. Original copy available until stock is exhausted. NTIS Prices- PC A2i/MF A 0 1

In this 13-month study, four virgin oil and six re-refined oil companies submitted monthly production samples to National Bureau of Standards (NBS). There. the samples were subdivided. coded. and sent to 14 participating laboratories for analysis of the physical and chemical properties as well as for evaluation in various bench tests. An eleventh control sample was sent monthly for reference. Various re-refining processes included in the study are: acidclay; clay treatment: short path distillation; pretreat/vacuum o~stillation/clay finish; pretreat/hydrOQenation. The processes for the virgin base oils are mainly solvent extraction/distillation with and without the hydro-finishing step. In th1s report the data are grouped into six main categories: ( 1 ) theology; (2) physical properties; (3) chemical properties; ( 4 ) hydrocarbon type analysis; ( 5 ) general performance tests; and (6) oxidation and wear bench tests. Within each category. test results are arranged

according to the Similarity of the tests or test properties. (ERA citation 09:000186)

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS OFFICE OF RECYCLE0 MATERIALS 1976-1982: ACTIVITIES AN0 ACCOMPLISHMENTS PURSUANT TO THE MANDATES OF SECTION 383C OF THE ENERGY POLICY CONSERVATION ACT AN0 TO THE MANDATES OF SUBTITLE E OF THE RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND RECOVERY ACT. PB84-114446

Yakowitz. H

CORP. SOURCE- National Bureau of Standards. Washington. OC. JOURNAL v0L.- us402 DESCRIP. NOTE- Final rept. REPORT DATE- Sep 83 PAGINATION- 63813 REPORT NO.- NBSSP-662 NTIS Prices- PC A99/MF A01 SUPL INFO- LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CAR0 NO. 83-600573.

This report is meant to serve two purposes: ( 1 ) Summarize the activities and accomplishments of the Office of Recycled Materials of the National Bureau of Standards (NBS/ORM) Undertaken in response to legislative directives from 1976 through 1982: (2) Provide a compilation of F Y 1982 activities of NBS/ORM. During its six and one-half year lifetime, NBS/ORM fulfilled virtually all of the legislative directives with which NBS was charged. Waste oil and other materials destined for waste were the subject of requirements for test method development, evaluation and subsequent production o f standards and guidelines for specifications. More than 125 publications and reports remain as a tangible legacy of NBS/ORM. In addition, the methods and standards developed under the guidance of NBS/ORM have been adopted throughout the recycling community. This report places major NBS/ORM activities in perspective and provides a point of embarkation for anyone wishing to utilize or adapt NBS/ORM results. I n addition, the Report indicates that NBS fulfilled the legislative requirements in a timely, accurate, and efficient manner.

8

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY I N USE0 O I L R E C Y C L I N G . PB83-236331

Becker, 0 . A

CORP. SOURCE- Nat ional Bureau of Standards, Washington, O C . JOURNAL V0L.- u8322 O E S C R I P . NOTE- F ina l r e p t . REPORT DATE- 1982 P A G I N A T I O N - 13p AVAIL. NOTE- Pub. i n Proceedings o f Conference Atomic Nuclear Methods i n Foss i l Energy Research, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, December 1-4, 1980. p257-269 1982. N T I S Pr ices- Not ava i lab le N T I S

L e g i s l a t i o n and a c t i v i t i e s i n the United States on the subject o f used o i l recyc l ing have incruased dramat ica l l y i n the past several years. However, a substant ia l p o r t i o n of both indus t ry and government have some Concerns about the lack of s c i e n t i f i c and technical research and data on c e r t a i n aspects o f the q u a l i t y and consistency Of recycled petroleum o i l s . p a r t i c u l a r l y re - re f ined engine o i l s . Fur ther , there are some s i g n i f i c a n t environmental concerns about p o l l u t i o n aspects of used o i l s and t h e i r recyc l ing by-products and wastes. Since 1976, the ( U . S . ) National Bureau of Standards (NBS) has had a l e g i s l a t i v e l y mandated program t o ' . . .deve lop t e s t procedures f o r t h e determinat ion o f substant ia l equivalency of r e - r e f i n e d o r otherwise processed used o i l . . . w i t h new o i l f o r a p a r t i c u l a r end use' ( 4 2 U . S . code 6 3 6 3 ~ ) . The NBS research includes i d e n t i f i c a t i o n o f problem areas i n the Character izat ion of used and recyc led o i l s . research i n t o new measurement methods f o r determinat ion of novel const i tuents i n these mater ia ls , and the development and evaluat ion of appropr iate t e s t procedures and standards f o r recycled o i l p l~oducts . Const i tuents discussed i n t h i s paper include anaiys is o f t o t a l elemental content and spec ia t ion s tud ies on lead and on the halogens ( c h l o r i n e and bromine), and hydrocarbon type charac ter iza t ion s tud ies on l u b r i c a t i n g o i l f r a c t i o n s .

9

RE-REFINED LUBE O I L CONSISTENCY AND QUALITY: THE ULTIMATE QUESTIONS. PB83-236349

Becker. D . A

CORP. SOURCE- Nat ional Bureau of Standards, Washington, O C . JOURNAL V0L.- u8322 D E S C R I P . NOTE- F ina l r a p t . REPORT DATE- 1981 P A G I N A T I O N - 4p AVAIL. NOTE- Pub. i n Proceedings of conference Second European Congr. Recycl ing of Used O i l s , Par is , France, September 30-October 2. 1980, pi71-174 1981. N T I S Pr ices- Not a v a i l a b l e N T I S

L e g i s l a t i o n and a c t i v i t i e s i n the Uni ted States on the subject of o i l r e c y c l i n g have increased dramat ica l ly i n the past several years. These a c t i v i t i e s are mostly p o s i t i v e i n nature, encouraging the more e f f i c i e n t and e f f e c t i v e u t i l i z a t i o n of a valuable natura l resource, whi le minimizing the adverse environmental e f f e c t s of improper reuse or d isposa l . However, a substant ia l f r a c t i o n o f both indust ry and government i n the U . S . have Some concerns about the lack of S c i e n t i f i c and technical data on c e r t a i n aspects of the q u a l i t y and consistency o f recycled l u b r i c a t j n g o i l s , p a r t i c u l a r l y re - re f ined engine o i l s . The NBS technical e f f o r t i s c u r r e n t l y focussed on the development and evaluat ion of t e s t procedures capable of monitor ing the q u a l i t y . consistency and a d d i t i v e response of a r e - r e f i n e d o i l basestock in-between q u a l i f i c a t i o n by means of engine sequence t e s t s . The NBS research involves i d e n t i f i c a t i o n of the important c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s which must be monitored, review and evaluat ion of e x i s t i n g t e s t s f o r those requi red c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s , and development of new or modif ied t e s t procedures where necessary t o adequately monitor an important c h a r a c t e r i s t i c o r proper ty .

i o

RE-REFINED BASE OIL CrIARAClERlZPTIOh Ah0 COhS!STENCI M0h:TORING PB83-233098

HSU. 5. M . Ku. C. 5 . Becker. 0. A

CORP. SOURCE- National Bureau of Standards. Washington. DC. JOURNAL V 0 L . - u832i OESCRIP. NOTE- Final rept. REPORT DATE- 1982 PAGINATION- 180 A V A I L . NOTE- Pub. in Paoer in Base Oils for Automotive Lubricants SP-526 . p87-104 1982. NTIS Prices- Not avarlable NTIS

RE-REFINE0 LUBRICATING BASE OILS are base oils derived from reprocessing of used lubricating oils to remove contaminants. Oxidized products, and additives. This paper describes the detailed characterization of these Seventeen oils and discu~ses the various aspects of quality and consistency associated with re-refined base oils. Based on these results, a tentative set of test procedures is recommended for monitoring the quality and consistency of re-refined base oils for automotive applications.

dVOROTREATIbG F O R RE-REFINE0 -JBRlCaT:hG OIL FlrUA. TECnNlCA- REPORT. OE83009391

Wilson, 0. B

CORP. SOURCE- New Mexico state Univ.. Las Cruces. Oept. o f Chemical Engineering. JOURNAL V0L.- u8318 nOBOO REPORT DATE- 1981 PAGINATION- 91p REPORT NO.- OOEBC10332-1 CONT. NO.- A519-80BC10332 NTIS Prices- PC AO5/MF A01

The BERC Process for re-refining lubricating oil use5 hydrotreating as a process step in place of a conventional acid-clay operatin. While hydrotreating is a well-established unit process for petroleum and many other liquid hydrocarbons, very little experimental work is available on re-refined lubricating oil. Eight commercial hydrotreating Catalysts were screened over the temperature range o f 550 to 750 exp 0 F and over the pressure range of 500 psis to 700 psig. These materials were tested in a Autoclave spinning-basket reactor using a liquid hourly weight space velocity (LHWSV) nf approximately 8.0 cc/gm.cat.hr. and hydrogen flow sufficient to maintain saturated liquid. Using color change (sulfur wt %) and viscosity (both 100 exp 0 ard 210 exp 0 F f as the measure o f

c a t a l y s t s performance, two catalysts-American Cyanamide HDS-20A and Harshaw HT-500 were selected f o r t r i c k l e - b e d operat ion experiments. The HDS-20A and HT-500 c a t a l y s t s were operated i n a t r i c k l e - b e d reactor system f o r 238 hours and 407 hours, respec t ive ly . The r e s u l t s o f these experiments were cor re la ted i n terms of the weight percent s u l f u r present as a func t ion of temperature and pressure o f operat ion and the LHWSV. I n i t i a l examination o f the c a t a l y s t s a f t e r the t r i c k l e - b e d experiments showed res idual hydrocarbons on the surface. Washing w i t h acetone removed s u b s t a n t i a l l y a l l t h i s res idual mater ia l . Elemental analys is of the remaining mater ia l showed carbon. 47 f igures , 28 t a b l e s . (ERA c i t a t i o n 08:025533)

USED LUBRICATING OIL RE-REFINING DEMONSTRATION PLANT DATA A C Q U I S I T I O N . T O P I C A L REPORT I . ENVIRONMENTAL C O N S I D E R A T I O N S , DE83006026

Booth. G . T . 1 1 1 .

C O R P . SOURCE- Booth O i l Co.. I n c . . Bu f fa lo . NY. JOURNAL V 0 L . - u83i5 no800 REPORT DATE- Jan 83 P A G I N A T I O N - 115p REPORT NO.- OOEBCi0562-5 CONT. NO.- ACi9-8iBCi0562 NTIS Pr ices- PC A06/MF A01

Booth O i l C o . , I n c . has been involved i n used o i l c o l l e c t i o n and reprocessing since 1922. I n 1978 due t o a number of f a c t o r s . the company decided t o design and b u i l d a new r e - r e f i n i n g f a c i l i t y . This repor t describes the mul t i tude o f environmental laws. regulat ions and other considerat ions which had t o be addressed i n order t o make t h i s dec is ion a r e a l i t y . The repor t a lso d e t a i l s the work performed i n assessing the theore t ica l and actual a i r emissions emanating from the f a c i l i t y as wel l as a descr ip t ion of the wastewater treatment system. Much o f the work performed dur ing t h i s p r o j e c t may be dupl icated by others at tempt ing t o enter the r e - r e f i n i n g business. so i t i s documented here t o prov ide a d e s c r i p t i o n of what tasks and problems can be expected. This repor t i s the f i r s t i n a ser ies of three ind iv idua l top ica l repor ts and a f i n a l combined r e p o r t . Subsequent top ica l r e p o r t s w i l l address the technical and f i n a n c i a l considerat ions of t h i s venture. 13 f igures , 11 tab les. (ERA c i t a t i o n 08:013962)

12

WASTE LUBRICATING O I L : AN ANNOTATED R E V I E W . 1982 R E V I S I O N DEB3001439

Cotton, F . 0

CORP. SOURCE- Department of Energy, B a r t l e s v i l l e , O K . B a r t l e s v i l l e Energy Technology Center. JOURNAL V0L.- ~ 8 3 1 1 no800 REPORT DATE- O C t 82 P A G I N A T I O N - 277p REPORT NO.- OOEBETCIC-824-Rev. NTIS Pr ices- PC A i 3 / M F A 0 1

Because o f renewed i n t e r e s t i n waste o i l . both i n terms of energy conservat ion and as a th rea t t o the environment, there appears t o be a need fo r a systemic compi la t ion o f in format ion on the subject . This i s a r e v i s i o n o f the 1979 manuscript (BETC/IC-79/4) r e f l e c t i n g pub l ica t ions of the l a s t three years as wel l as incorporat ion of papers tha t were overlooked. The number of c i t a t i o n s has jumped from 486 t o 1203, w i t h a l l previous c i t a t i o n s a lso l i s t e d here. The b ib l iography i s d iv ided i n t o broad subject areas. The I n t r o d u c t i o n g ives the h i s t o r y and development of the used o i l reclamat ion indus t ry . The General sect ion includes the comprehensive papers t h a t address several subjects and thus, g ive a capsulated overview of the used o i l s i t u a t i o n . Sources of In format ion and S t a t i s t i c a l Treatments o f Data tell how t o o b t a i n add i t iona l and f u t u r e in format ion and data r e l a t i n g t o waste o i l and could a i d those persons in te res ted i n keeping t h e i r knowledge cur ren t . The Other Lubr ica t ing O i l s sec t ion covers many of the l u b r i c a n t s t h a t have t h e p o t e n t i a l f o r r e c y c l i n g . The Other O i l s sect ion i s d iv ided i n t o four sub-sections t o a i d the reader t o f i n d the subject of i n t e r e s t . The sect ion on Related Subjects includes those s i d e l i n e areas t h a t could apply t o used o i l reclamat ion. (ERA c i t a t i o n 08:004158)

NORTH CAROLINA USED-MOTOR-OIL R E - R E F I N I N G PROGRAM. T O P I C A L REPORT 2 . ECONOMICS AN0 LOGISTICS: STARTUP EXPERIENCE AN0 OPERATING PROJECTIONS. DE83001482

CORP. SOURCE- North Caro l ina State Government, Raleigh, JOURNAL V0L.- u8309 no800 REPORT DATE- Jul 82 PAGINATION- 51p REPORT NO.- OOECS40338-2 CONT. NO.- FG01-80CS40338 N T I S Pr ices- PC AO4/MF A 0 1

This i s the second i n a planned ser ies of top ica l repor ts on a program t o develop and demonstrate a state-operated

13

re-refining system for used engine oil. The North Carolina Oil Re-Refining Facility. using a 2,000,000 gallon input per year PROP plant, was installed in late 1980. During the first year of Startup operation ending December 31. 1981. approximately 137,000 gallons were produced. This was much less than expected due to many impediments: however, product quality has consistently been excellent. Capital costs to date total about 52.3 million, and it is projected that an additional $1.5 million o f equipment upgrading and facility expansion/improvements will be needed before the plant will produce satisfactorily. For the first year, based on normal accrual accounting, operating costs exceeded revenues by about $350,000 and the negative cash flow was about $346.000. After upgrading. however, it is expected the plant will generate revenues Sufficient to repay the investment within ten years, even assuming that the selling price o f re-refined oil will not inflate faster than the cost of producing it. This report also contains Sections reporting on the logistics of oil pickup and delivery and also brief descriptions o f information form5 and procedures developed for the facility. (ERA citation 08:001648)

REUSE OF WASTE OIL AT ARMY INSTALLATIONS. AD-A123 097/8

Chicoine, L. C. Gerdes. G. L . Donahue, B . A.

CORP. SOURCE- Construction Engineering Research Lab. (Army). Champaign, IL. JOURNAL V0L.- ~8309 DESCRIP. NOTE- Final rept. REPORT DATE- Sep 82 PAGINATION- 45p REPORT NO.- CERL-TR-N-135 PROJ. NO.- 4A762720A896 TASK NO.- A MNTR. AGNCY.- A NTIS Prices- PC A03/MF A01

Typical Army installations produce large amounts of waste oil-up to 250,000 gal annually. In response to the growing need for energy ConSBrvatiOn. Army policy requires that these insta\lations rause oil whenever possible. The objective of this report is to analyze the economics of waste oil reuse. and to examine the environmental aspects of used oil management.

14

RECYCLING-OIL. PB83-135129

Becker. D . A .

CORP. SOURCE- National Bureau of Standards, Washington, OC. JOURNAL V 0 L . - u8307 DESCRIP. NOTE- Final rept. REPORT DATE- 1982 PAGINCTION- 7p AVAIL. NOTE- Pub. in Encycl. Chem. Technol. 19. Third Edition, p979-985 1982. NTIS Prices- Not available NTIS

The term 'oil' can include animal oils, vegetable oils, and synthetic oils as well as the usual mineral o i l . produced from petroleum. An oil which has been used and/or contaminated, but not consumed, can often be recycled in order to regain a useful material regardless of its origin. Due a variety of reasons, there is increasing interest in developing ways to conserve the valuable energy and resource content of these oils through recycling. The article reviews the current developments in used oil recycling, and describes methods for recycling these oils into useful products, particularly lubricating Oils.

NBS RESEARCH ON RE-REFINED ENGINE OIL TESTS. PB83-139261

Becker, D . A.

CORP. SOURCE- National Bureau of Standards, Washington. OC. JOURNAL VDL.- u8306 DESCRIP. NOTE- Final rept. REPORT DATE- 1982 PAGINATION- 4p AVAIL. NOTE- Pub. in Proceedings of International Conference on Used Oil Recovery and Reuse (4th). La5 Vegas. NV.. 28 Sep-1 OCt 81. p300-303 1982. NTIS Prices- Not available NTIS

The National Bureau Of Standards' Recycled Oil Program has bee'n developing and evaluating test procedures for re-refined engine oils for several years, in response to a Congressional mandate (P.L. 94-163, Section 383~). The strategy they have adopted is to attempt to provide a Set of test procedures capable of adequately monitoring the consistency and additive response characteristics of the re-refined petroleum lubricating oil basestocks. These basestock tests w i l l then be coupled with appropriate engine sequence testing. Progress in the evaluation of chemical and physical test procedures has been steady significant progress in research on bench tests for additive response

15

has a lso been made. Progress in these areas are described i n the paper.

BANBURV O I L R E C Y C L I N G . FINAL REPORT. OE82014554

CORP. SOURCE- Hydrocarbon Recyclers, I n c . . Tulsa, OK. JOURNAL V0L.- u8306 n0700 REPORT DATE- Apr 82 PAGINATION- 41p REPORT NO.- OOEBCi0329-4 CONT. N O . - AC19-80BC10329 N T I S Pr ices- PC A03/MF A 0 1

The problem of r e c w e r i n g waste Banbury o i l generated dur ing the manufacture o f t i r e s i s explored i n t h i s r e p o r t . Approximately 1.5 t o 2 m i l l i o n ga l lons o f t h i s type of o i l i s discarded each year. The o i l could be re - re f ined by removing water, carbon b lack, s u l f u r . z inc oxide and polymers and var ious rubber chemicals from the used Banbury o r dust stop o i l . I t i s est imated t h a t a simple processing p l a n t would cost $174,000 and the same o i l s could be recyc led a t a cost o f about $1 per g a l l o n . To recover the o i l as a f u e l the water and some of the other contaminants must be reduced, but the treatment would not be so severe and costs would be lower. I t i s recommended tha t the r e - r e f i n e r s process other types of i n d u s t r i a l o i l i n the same equipment t o reduce operat ing costs . (ERA c i t a t i o n 07:042307)

ALTERNATIVE U T I L I Z A T I O N : RECYCLE0 OIL USE0 A S FUEL. PB83-135301

Backer. 0 . A .

CORP. SOURCE- Nat ional Bureau of Standards, Washington, OC. JOURNAL V0L.- u8305 O E S C R I P . NOTE- F ina l r e p t . REPORT DATE- 1982 PAGINATION- 3p AVAIL. NOTE- Pub. i n Proceedings of the In terNat ional Conference on Used O i l Recovery and Reuae ( 4 t h ) . Las Vegas, Nevada, 28 Sept 81. 1981 p221-223. N T I S Pr ices- Not a v a i l a b l e N T I S

The Nat ional Bureau o f Standards’ (NBS) Recycled O i l Program issued a repor t on t e s t procedures f o r use i n evaluat ing used l u b r i c a t i n g o i l recycled f o r use as a burner f u e l . This e f f o r t was i n response t o a Congressional mandate (P.L. 94-163. Section 38312) and was the f i r s t phase of a

16

cont inu ing e f f o r t t o prov ide the technical bas is f o r evaluat ing recycled petroleum o i l products. While there i s considerable controversy over which type of o i l r e c y c l i n g ( e . g . . fue l vs . r e - r e f i n i n g ) i s most appropr iate, i t i s a fac t tha t c u r r e n t l y much of the used o i l i s burned as a fue l or f u e l supplement. As a r e s u l t of the NBS Report (Technical Note 1130), there have been changes i n the Federal Spec i f i ca t ion VV-F-815D t o accomodate used o i l recycled as f u e l . This paper describes those changes and the NBS repor t they were based on.

NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RECYCLING OF USED L U B R I C A T I N G O I L S . NEW DELHI 1-2 DECEMBER 1975 - PROCEEDINGS. PB83-102434

CORP. SOURCE- Ind ian O i l Corp. L t d . , Faridabad. JOURNAL V0L.- u8303 REPORT DATE- 1975 PAGINATIDN- 193p N T I S Pr ices- P C AO9/MF A01

A l l the developed countr ies of the worle, such as USA, France. Germany and the U.K. have s t a r t e d r e - r e f i n i n g o f used l u b r i c a t i n g o i l s i n a b i g way f o r the fo l low ing reasons: ( a ) High Cost o f crude o i l s ; ( b ) High Capital investment f o r the l u b r i c a t i n g o i l s p l a n t ; and ( c f P u l l u t i o n Problems. This conference was organized t o take stock of the work done i n t h i s f i e l d and t o i d e n t i f y s p e c i f i c d i r e c t i o n s f o r the f u t u r e . The conference was attended by over 250 d is t ingu ished s c i e n t i s t s and technologis ts . The conference was d iv ided i n t o s i x technica l sessions and 26 papers were presented. The bPoad top ics covered are: Technology and Process Economics: Qua l i t y Contro l ; Recycling f o r Captives Reuse; and Problems o f Recycl ing Indus t ry .

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ENHANCED UTILIZATION OF USED LUBRICATING OIL RECYCLING PROCESS BY-PRODUCTS. FINAL REPORT. DE82007671

Weinstein. K . D . Myers, T. D . Craft, 5. R

CORP. SOURCE- Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Inc., Bethesda. MD. JOURNAL V0L.- u8303 no700 REPORT DATE- Mar 8 2 PAGINATION- i65p REPORT NO.- DDEBCi0059-19 CONT. N0.- ACi9-79BCiOO59 AVAIL. NOTE- Microfiche only after original copies are exhausted. NTIS Prices- Pc AOsfMF A01

0002, Allen and Hamilton. Inc. and its subcontractor, Chromaspec Corporation, conducted a study of possible utilization options for the process by-products generated in the re-refining of used lubrication oils. By-product samples from six re-refineries utilizing four re-refining processes were taken. Detailed physical and chemical characterization data on the sample Streams and their components were compiled by means of comprehensive laboratory testing. Given the characteristics of the various streams and pertinent regulations that impact possible uses, options for utilization of the by-product Streams were derived. The apparently feasible options were subjected to SevePal levels of engineering feasibility testing to determine technical viability. Apparently viable options were found for all byproduct streams. and where data existed, economic analyses were performed. Many of the economic analyses indicate either significant plant savings o r increased plant revenues as a result of the implementation of the options, In the case of certain streams (fuel Strippings. distillation bottoms) there appear to be multiple means of Utilization. The Only by-product Stream for which no options could be found to improve plant economics is wastewater. where treatment and disposal seem the only viable by-product disposition, (ERA citation 07:049204)

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DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW D I S T I L L A T I O N PROCESS FOR R E - R E F I N I N G WASTE O I L I N ORDER TO AVO10 ENVIRONMENTAL BURDENS. PHASE 1 : P R E L I M I N A R Y TESTS I N BERN. OE82902156

Oraebert, S . Rohner. E . Ruhkopf, F . R . Schmitz. P .

CORP. SOURCE- Bundesministerium fuer Forschung und Technologie. Bonn-Bad Godesberg (Germany. F .R. ) . JOURNAL V0L.- ~8302 no700 REPORT DATE- 1981 P A G I N A T I O N - 6011 REPORT NO.- BMFT-FB-T-81-034 A V A I L . NOTE- U.S. Sales on ly . Avai lab le i n microf iche on ly . N T I S Pr ices- MF A01

The t e s t s i n Bern have shown t h a t the sodium process can a lso be used i n p r a c t i c e ; i t i s , however, necessary t o f u r t h e r improve the knowledge gained so f a r i n a la rger p i l o t p l a n t dur ing a long-term t r i a l , as w e l l as t o prove a ser ies of d e t a i l s which could not be s u f f i c i e n t l y solved under the Bern t r i a l cond i t ions . I n d e t a i l , the Bern t r i a l s have shown the f o l l o w i n g r e s u l t s : The product y i e l d i s by 2 to 3% higher w i t h the sodium process than w i t h the su lphur ic a c i d process. The product q u a l i t i e s w i t h respect t o s ing le , essent ia l r e s u l t s a re b e t t e r than w i t h the su lphur ic ac id process. The environmental burden due t o the sodium process i s less than t h a t o f the su lphur ic ac id Elrocess. In a d d i t i o n , the sodium process i s more economical than the su lphur ic a c i d process according t o recent f i n d i n g s . T h i s knowledge l e d t o the p o s i t i v e dec is ion t o cont inue our research p r o j e c t i n B e r l i n , despi te the entrepreneur ia l r i s k and the necessary c a p i t a l investment. (ERA c i t a t i o n 07:042306)

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C H A R A C T E R I Z A T I O N AND EVALUATION OF RE-REFINED ENGINE LUBRICATING O I L . PO-A118 573/5

Frame, E . A . Kohl, K . B

C O R P . SOURCE- Southwest Research I n s t . . San Antonio, T X . Army Fuels and Lubr icants Research Lab. JOURNAL V 0 L . - u8226 O E S C R I P . NOTE- I n t e r i m r e p t . Oct 79-Sep 81 REPORT D A T E - Oec 81 PAGINATION- 9Op REPORT NO.- AFLRL-152, SWRI-6800-299 CONT. NO.- OAAK70-80-C-OOOi. OAAK70-82-C-0001 PROJ. NO.- iL762733AH20 TASK NO.- EL MNTR. AGNCY.- EL N T I S Pr ices- PC AOS/MF A O i

This program was conducted t o obta in add i t iona l data base on the comparative performance of re - re f ined and v i r g i n o i l s and t o invest igate the p o t e n t i a l ‘substant ia l equivalence’ of re - re f ined and v i r g i n l u b r i c a t i n g o i l s . The program consisted o f : ( I ) the development of an engine deposit removal, recovery, and analys is methodology. This methodology was used t o compare engine deposi ts der ived From v i r g i n and re - re f ined engine o i l s . (2) The e f fec ts of v i r g i n and re - re f ined o i l s on engine blowby composition and englne deposi t generation were determined us ing a spark i g n i t i o n engine and, ( 3 ) V i r g i n and re - re f ined basestock product ion consistency were determined by P a r t i c i p a t i n g i n the ASTMjNBS cooperative basestock consistency study. (Author)

E M U L S I F I E D I N D U S T R I A L O I L S R E C Y C L I N G . DE82009992

Gabris. 1

C O R P . SOURCE- Springborn Labs., I n c . , E n f i e l d , C T . JOURNAL V0L.- u8222 no000 R E P O R T DATE- Apr 82 P A G I N A T I O N - i55p REPORT NO.- O O E B C i O i 8 3 - i CONT. NO.- ACi9-8OBCiOi83 AVAIL. NOTE- Microf iche on ly a f t e r Or ig ina l copies are exhausted. N T I S Pr ices- PC AOB/MF A O i

The i n d u s t r i a l l u b r i c a n t market ha6 been analyzed w i t h emphasis on current and/or developing r e c y c l i n g and r e - r e f i n i n g technologies. This task has been performed f o r the Uni ted States and other i n d u s t r i a l i z e d countr ies, s p e c i f i c a l l y France, West Germany, I t a l y and Japan. A t t e n t i o n has been focused a t emulsion-type f l u i d s regardless of the i n d u s t r i a l a p p l i c a t i o n involved. I t was found tha t emulsion-type f l u i d s i n the United States

20

represent a much higher percentage of the t o t a l f l u i d s used than i n other i n d u s t r i a l i z e d countr ies. While r e c y c l i n g i s an a c t i v e matter explored by the indust ry , r e - r e f i n i n g i s ra ther a r e s u l t of other issues than the mere f a c t tha t o i l can be regenerated from a used i n d u s t r i a l emulsion. To extend the longev i ty o f an emulsion is a l o g i c a l s tep t o keep expenses down by using the emulsion as long as poss ib le . There i s . however. another important f a c t o r in f luenc ing t h i s issue: regulat ions governing the disposal o f such f l u i d s . The ecological quest ion, the respect f o r nature and the natura l balances, i s o f ten seen now as everybody's task. Regulations f o r b i d dumping used emulsions i n the environment wi thout p r i o r treatment o f the water phase and separat ion of the o i l phase. This i s 8 c o s t l y procedure, so r e c y c l i n g i s a t t r a c t i v e s ince i t postpones the problem. I t i s questionable whether r e - r e f i n i n g of these emulsions - as a business - could stand on i t s own i f these emulsions d i d not have t o be taken apart f o r d isposal purposes. Once the emulsion i s separated i n t o a water and an o i l phase. however, r e - r e f i n i n g o f the o i l does become economical.

RE-REFINE0 LUBRICATING BASE OILS: ESTABLISHING CONSISTENCY AND Q U A L I T Y . PB82-236258

Becker, 0 . A .

CORP. SOURCE- Nat ional Bureau of Standards, Washington. D C . JOURNAL V 0 L . - ~ 0 2 2 1 D E S C R I P . NOTE- F ina l r e p t . REPORT DATE- 1980 PAGINATION- 5p A V A I L . NOTE- Pub. i n Proceedings Ref in ing Department 45th Midyear Meeting (1980). Houston, T X . . May 12-15 59 p i - 5 . N T I S Pr ices- Not a v a i l a b l e N T I S

The Nat ional Bureau o f Standards' (NBS) Recycled O i l Program was establ ished i n 1976. i n d i r e c t response t o the Energy P o l i c y and Conservation Act (42 U . S . C . 6363(c); P . L . 94-163). This Act requi res NBS t o develop t e s t Procedures' . . . f o r the determinat ion of substant ia l equivalency of re - re f ined or otherwise processed used O i l . . . w i t h new o i l f o r a p a r t i c u l a r end u s e . , , ' and t o r e p o r t such t e s t procedures t o the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) as soon as prac t icab le . I n i t i a l NBS e f f o r t s were on t e s t procedures f o r recycled o i l Used as burner f u e l , and a repor t on these was t ransmi t ted t o the FTC on November 20, 1978. Immediately therea f te r , work was i n i t i a t e d on the second Phase o f the NBS program, on re - re f ined o i l t o be

used as motor Oil. Significant progress has been made in this second phase, although substantial research and development remains and is In progress.

PROGRAM GUIDE TO USED-OIL RECYCLING. DE82010642

CORP. SOURCE- Centec Corp., Reston. VA. JOURNAL VOL: ~ 8 2 2 0 no000 REPORT DATE- Jan 82 PAGINATION- 42p REPORT NO.- OOECS40402-1 CONT. NO.- ACO1-8OCS40402 NTIS Prices- PC A03/MF A01

The purpose of the booklet is to provide information and sample tools necessary in starting a much needed community-wide used oil recycling program. This infomation package includes each of the items listed: instruction booklet - a step-by-step outline on how to proceed; press release - to media and community groups: letter to civic leader - asks civic leaders and others to help: letter to manager - asks service stations to be collection points: letter of thanks - to anyone helping your program; used oil report - DOE background on the national problem; and bibliography - for further reading. Information from the used oil report included with this Guide can prove useful in brochure preparation. A sample press release and letters are provided.

INITIAL ASSESSMENT OF SELECTED ADVANCED LUBRICATING OIL FILTERS. DE82002420

Hilyard. 0.

CORP. SOURCE- Systems Control, Inc.. Anaheim, CA. Environmental Engineering Olv. JOURNAL V0L.- u8210 no700 REPORT DATE- Sep 81 PAGINATION- 31p REPORT N0.- DOEBC10256-1 CONT. NO.- AC19-8OBC10256 NTIS Prices- PC A03/MF AOi

The Department of Energy has contracted with Systems Control, Incorporated ( S C I ) to provide documented evidence which permits an initial assessment of the potential effectiveness of advanced o i l filters that claim to re-refine the oil on-board a vehicle or claim either never-drain or extended drain benefits. The effort included

22

a patent search, literature review. and contacts with manufacturers. Based upon the study performed by SCI. it was concluded that so-called re-refining filters do not actually re-refine in-service 'motor oil nor do they prevent depletion of additives. I t was also concluded that these advanced Tilters may remove particles smaller tnan a standard oil filter removes. but the benefits are questionable. ( E R A citation 07:003255)

DETERMINATION OF BENZO(A)PYRENE IN RECYCLED OILS BY A SEQUENTIAL HPLC METHOD. ~~az-ia0295

Brown. J. M . Wise, 5 . A . May, W. E.

CORP. SOVRCE- National Bureau of Standards, Washington, OC. JOURNAL V0L.- ua205 OESCRIP. NOTE- Final rept. REPORT OATE- 1980 PAGINATION- lip A V A I L , NOTE- Pub. in Jnl. Environ. Sci. Health. Ai5, n6 ~613-623 1980. NTIS Prices- Not available NTlS

Recently, several procedures have been developed at the National Bureau of Standards to measure some environmentally important contaminants in used lubricating oils. In this paper, a sequential high-performance liquid chromatographic method will be described which can be used to determine the concentration of benzo(a)pyrene in some virgin, used. and recycled oils.

ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL USE0 O I L RECOVERY FROM INDIVIDUALS F I N A L REPORT, DE81029458

Gottlieb. M

CORP. SOURCE- Market Facts, Inc., Chicago, I L . JOURNAL V0L.- u8203 no600 REPORT OA?E- Jul 81 PAGINATION- i30p REPDRT NO.- DOEBCi0053-21 CON?. NO.- AC19-79BC10053 NTIS Prices- PC A07/MF AOi

TO assist the Department of Energy in its Investigation o f methods for recycling used motor oil, Market Facts conducted a telephone survey of individuals who change their own motor oil. The study examined the amount of oil used, oil change practices, oil aisposal methods, and perceptions and

23

attitudes toward used motor oil disposal and oil recycling. The results of this survey are presented in this report. The findings of this study confirm the generally held view that about half the vehicle households in the United States now do their own oil changes and additions. These do-it-yourselfers (DIY) households account for almost two-thirds of the motor oil consumed by all US households and produce about one-third o f one billion gallons of used motor oil annually. A t least half o f this used motor oil, more than 170 million gallons, is returned to the environment in a form that pollutes the ground and endangers the water supply. Measures such as requiring information about proper disposal and the need for recycling used oil to be printed on motor oil containers have been taken in many states. The need f o r reminder advertising and reinforcement education and information and practical measures to ease the burden of compliance is suggested. These results suggest that careful consideration be given to the logistics of these measures. The most appealing of the measures would appear to be making a special container available to DIY oil changers. Employing civic groups as collection agents would also Seem to De attractive. (ERA citation 06:03i636)

STUDIES FOR RECYCLING USED O I L : PLANS ARE OUTLINDED FOR LARGE-SCALE ENVIRONMENTALLY-ACCEPTABLE O I L RE-REFINERIES P88i-970719

CORP. SOURCE- Department of Energy. Washington. D C . JOURNAL VDL.- u8i25 DESCRIP. NOTE- NTIS Tech Note. REPORT DATE- Aug 81 PAGINATION- ip AVAIL. NOTE- For information about subscribing to Tech Notes, please write NTIS Subscription Dept. NTIS Prices- Subscription

This citation Summarizes a one-page announcement of technology available for Utilization. Drawings and specifications have been prepared for a re-refinery to process 10 million gallons of used lubricating oil per year. The design is based on the solvent-pared for treating 2 , 5, and 20 million gallons of used oil per year. The design is based on the solvent treatment/distillation process patented by the U . S . Department of Energy Bartlesville Energy Technology Center (BETC). In addition to the feasibility of constructing new plants, the feasibility of incorporating the BETC process into existing facilities was investigated, . . . FDR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: Detailed information about the technology described may be obtained by ordering the NTIS reports. order numbers: DOE/BC/i0044-8 and

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oOE/BC/i0008-9. p r i c e codes: PC A 0 3 and A04 o r contact Dennis W . Brinkman. B a r t l e s v i l l e Energy Technology Center, Post O f f i c e Box 1398, B a r t l e s v i l l e . OK 74003. (918) 336-2400. Ex t . 264.

WASTE OIL: NORTH PB81-186017

CAROLINA'S RECOVERED RESOURCE ( INNOVA1 -IONS)

Howard. 0

C O R P . SOURCE- Council o f State Governments, Lexington. K Y . JOURNAL V0L.- u 8 i i 7 REPORT DATE- Pug 80 PAGINATION- iOp REPORT N O . - RM-687 GRANT NO.- NSF-ISP78-71661, NSF-ISR75-24176 MNTR. AGNCY.- NSF/RA 800275 NTIS Pr ices- PC A02 /MF A 0 1

Nor th Caro l ina has purchased and now operates i t s own o i l p l a n t a t Garner, Nor th Caro l ina. The s t a t e p lans t o r e - r e f i n e between 300.000 and 500.000 ga l lons of used motor o i l annual ly and s e l l the h igh-qua l i t y o i l t o s t a t e agencies f o r use i n t h e i r vehic les.

STATUS REPORT ON THE CHARACTERIZATION OF RE-REFINED LUBRICATING BASE OILS. PB81-164907

HSU. 5 . M . Becker. 0 . e

C O R P . SOURCE- Nat ional Bureau o f Standards, Washington, O C . JOURNAL v0L.- "8114 OESCRIP. NOTE- F ina l r e p t . REPORT DATE- i980 PAGINATION- i0p AVAIL. NOTE- Pub. in Proceedings o f the Conference on Fuels and Lubr icants , Bal t imore, Maryland, October 20-23, 1980. Paper i n 5AE Technical Paper Ser ies No, 801382, pi-10 1980. NTIS Pr ices- Not a v a i l a b l e NTIS

The Nat ional Bureau o f Standards (NBS) has been working O n the development o f t e s t procedures f o r recyc led petroleum o i i s Since i Y 7 6 . The f i r s t phase involved development and eva lua t ion o f t e s t s f o r charac ter iz ing used o i l recyc led as burner f u e l , and has been completed. Tne second phase, on r e - r e f t n e d motor o i l , invo lves development of a set o f t e s t procedures capable of moni tor ing the q u a l i t y , COnSiStenCy, and a d d i t i v e response o f r e - r e f i n e d l u b r i c a t i n g o i l

25

basestocks. Test under i n v e s t i g a t i o n include phys ica l p roper ty tes ts . chemical proper ty tes ts . hydrocarbon type Character izat ion methods, and bench scale performance t e s t s p r i m a r i l y d i r e c t e d toward the measurement o f a d d i t i v e response. Cooperative e f f o r t s inc lude the ASTM/NBS Basestock Consistency Study ( i n v o l v i n g both r e - r e f i n e d and v i r g i n l u b r i c a t i n g o i l basestocks), a study o f engine deposi ts w i t h the U . S . Army Fuel and Lubr icants Research Laboratory. and micro-ox idat ion t e s t research a t Pennsylvania State U n i v e r s i t y . Th is paper describes the cur ren t s ta tus o f t h i s program, and includes representat ive data obtained on r e - r e f i n e d o i l s .

TECHNICAL A C T I V I T I E S 1980 O F F I C E OF RECYCLE0 MATERIALS PB81-159899

Becker, 0 . A . Berke, 0 . G . Matthews, R . T . Yakowitz, H .

CORP. SOURCE- Nat ional Bureau of Standards, Washington, OC. Nat ional Measurement Lab. JOURNAL V0L.- ~8113 REPORT DATE- Nov 80 PAGINATION- 75p REPORT NO.- NBSIR-80-2178 NT1S Pr ices- PC A04/MF A 0 1

A review o f recyc led mater ia ls programs a t NBS. f o r FY 1980 i s presented i n t h i s annual r e p o r t . This repor t contains the f o l l o w i n g : The O f f i c e o f Recycled Mater ia ls - A p lan f o r the f u t u r e : The NBS recyc led o i l program--(Introduction, the NBS r o l e i n recyc led o i l , the cur ren t NBS program, p lan, implementation. and d iscuss ion) ; The resource conservation and recovery program--(Introduction. needs, goal and ob jec t ives , p lan, implmmentation. and d lscuss ion) .

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JOINT CONFERENCE ON MEASUREMENTS AN0 STANDARDS FOR RECYCLE0 O I L / S Y S T E M S PERFORMANCE AN0 DURABIL ITY : PROCEEDINGS OF A CONFERENCE HELD AT GAITHERSBURG MARYLAND ON OCTOBER 23-26 1979. PB8i-136178

Becker, D . A

CORP. SOURCE- Nat ional Bureau o f Standards, Washington, O C . Nat ional Measurement Lab. JOURNAL V0L.- ~8108 O E S C R I P . NOTE- F ina l r e p t . REPORT D A T E - Nov 80 P A G I N A T I O N - 356p REPORT NO.- NBS-SP-584 N T I S Pr ices- PC A I G / M F A01

This p u b l i c a t i o n i s a formal repor t o f the Jo in t Conference on Measurements and Standards f o r Recycled Oil/Systems Performance and D u r a b i l i t y he ld a t the Nat ional Bureau o f Standards on October 23 through 2 6 , 1979. There wew seven sessions on s p e c i f i c areas, w i t h a t o t a l o f 32 technical presentat ions. The subject areas were as f011oWs: (1) Recent Oevelopments i n Recycled O i l . (2) Engine O i l Evaluat ion. ( 3 ) Lube O i l Base Stock Character izat ion. ( 4 ) O i l Analysis f o r Engine Condit ion Moni tor ing, (5) Bench Test f o r O i l Evaluat ion - I . ( 6 ) Bench Tests f o r O i l Evaluat ion - 1 1 , and ( 7 ) Systems Performance and D u r a b i l i t y . Included i n t h i s repor t are the e n t i r e t e x t s of the var ious presentat ions, inc lud ing f i g u r e s and tab les .

A C I D SLUDGE U T I L I Z A T I O N . OOE/BC/i0089-1

Suarez, M

CORP. SOURCE- Peak O i l Co.. Tampa, F L . JOURNAL V0L.- u8iO8 no600 REPORT DATE- Sep 80 PAGINATION- 35p CONT. NO. - ACi9-79BCi0089 N T I S Pr ices- PC A03/MF A O i

The Peak O i l Company of Tampa, F l o r i d a . i n cooperation w i t h the Uni ted States Department o f Energy, has completed an i n i t i a l study f o r the incorporat ion of acid-sludge der ived from the r e r e f i n i n g o f used l u b r i c a t i n g o i l i n t o a usefu l and sa lab le b u i l d i n g m a t e r i a l . Both b r i c k s and paving mater ia ls have been produced using a formulat ion developed by Peak. Equipment has been designed and constructed f o r the s p e c i f i c purpose o f prepar ing emulsions containing. the acid-sludge. which i s a v i t a l ingredient in the f i n a l fo rmula t ion . Test ing o f products obtained from these i n i t i a l e f f o r t s shows tha t the a c i d i n tne sludge has been

27

effectively neutralized and that heavy metals are not leached from the bricks or paving material in normal testing. While Some properties of the building materials that incorporate the acid-sludge by-product are below standards for clay and Shale brick, uses are defined for the product as i s . and there is some promise of eventual production of building materials that meet all specifications for competitive materials. Initial cost estimations are encouraging, indicating that a profit can be derived by converting a hazardous and noxious by-product of rerefining to a construction material. Acid-sludge has presented a complex and costly disposal problem to the industry resulting in a serious depletion in the capacity for rerefining used lubricating oil. ( E R A citation 06:002552)

/ REVIEW OF ALL LUBRICANTS USE0 IN THE US AND THEIR RE-REFINING POTENTIAL, OOE/BC/30227-1

Bigda, R . d .

CORP. SOURCE- Bigda (Richard d . ) and Associates, Tulsa, O K . JOURNAL VDL.- ~8103 no500 REPORT DATE- dun 80 PAGINATION- 89p CONT. NO.- AT19-78BC30227 NTIS Prices- PC AOS/MF A01

The purpose of this handbook on lubricating oils and their use is to assist those persons in the waste oil collecting and recycling business. Uninitiated persons considering entering this business can get a better understanding of the waste Oils and products of this industry from this handbook. The first two sections deal with the processing steps and ingredients of a lubricating oil and their functions. Understanding the fundamental difference between base stocks and additives is essential if the re-refiner is to make a quality product and avoid oils which cause difficulties. The remaining sections are discussions of specific types of lubricant products manufactured in the United States and information is presented about viscosity grades and typical formulations. This will enable a re-refiner to evaluate the potential base oil yields. the value of used oils and the nature of the base oil which can be recovered. The formulations. while not intended as a basis for actual finished product blending, can be used as a guide for preliminary planning. Data and forecasts regarding the consumption and amounts of each type of oil being collected are intended to provide collectors with realistic estimates

28

of the quantities and qualities of oil available for recycling. This Study also provides the collector with information on used oil sources. availability and contamination. The problems associated with the collection or handling of some of the products are discussed. There are hundreds of lubricants currently manufactured in the United States and Several present difficult problems for a re-refiner. These problems can usually be converted into real opportunities if the re-refiner understands the products he is dealing with. The result is more profit for the re-refiner and improved conservation of a valuable resource. (ERA citation 05:031583)

FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR THE RETROFITTING OF USED OIL RE-REFINERIES TO THE BETC SOLVENT TREATMENT/OISTILLATION PROCESS. OOE/BC/10044-8

Weinstein. N. J. Brinkman, 0. W .

CORP. SOURCE- Department of Energy. Bartlesville, OK. Bartlesville Energy Technology Center. JOURNAL V0L.- ~8103 no500 REPORT DATE- Sep 80 PAGINATION- 42p CONT. NO.- AC19-79BC10044 NTIS Prices- PC A03/MF A01

Federal policy encourages recycle of used oil, but requires that recycling be done in an environmentally sound manner. In order to encourage Such recycling the Bartlesville Energy Technology Center o f the US Department of Energy has developed the OOE/BETA solvent treatment/distillation re-refining process. The feasibility of retrofitting existing used oil re-refineries to the OOE./BETC process has been Studied in this work. Twelve potential sites Were chosen from almost 300 firms thought to be interested in re-refining technology. Three of these twelve sites have been recommended as prime candidates. (ERA citation 0 5 : 034553)

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ENGINEERING DESIGN OF A SOLVENT TREATMENT/DISTILLATION USED LUBRICATING OIL RE-REFINERY. OOE/BC/i0008-9

Brinkman. 0 . W

C O R P . SOURCE- Stubbs Overbeck and Associates, I n c . . Houston. T X . JOURNAL V0L.- ~8026 n0500 REPORT DATE- Jun 80 PAGINATION- 74p CONT. NO.- ACi9-79BCi0008 N T I S Pr ices- PC A04/MF A01

Drawings and spec i f i ca t ions were prepared f o r a i o m i l l i o n g a l l o n per year used l u b r i c a t i n g o i l r e - r e f i n e r y based on the solvent t r e a t m e n t / d i s t i l l a t i o n process developed and patented by the B a r t l e s v i l l e DOE Energy Technology Center, I n a d d i t i o n , f lowsheets were developed f o r f a c i l i t i e s t o t r e a t 2, 5. and 2 0 m i l l i o n gal lons per year . Using these drawings and s p e c i f i c a t i o n s , a d e t a i l e d c a p i t a l cost est imate was prepared f o r the i o m i l l i o n g a l l o n f a c i l i t i e s . Prorated estimates were der ived Tor the other three capac i t ies . (ERA c i t a t i o n 05:030i95)

PILOT-SCALE USED OIL R E - R E F I N I N G USING A SOLVENT TREATMENT/DISTILLATION PROCESS. BETC/RI-79/14

co t ton , F . 0. Brinkman. 0 . W . Reynolds. J. W Goetzinger, J. W . Whisman, M . L .

CORP. SOURCE- Department o f Energy, B a r t l e s v i l l e . OK. B a r t l e s v i l l e Energy Technology Center. JOURNAL V 0 L . - "8018 n0500 REPORT DATE- Jan 80 PAGINATION- 46p N T I S Pr ices- PC A03/MF A 0 1

Approximately io00 ga l lons o f used automotive l u b r i c a t i n g o i l were c o l l e c t e d from serv ice s t a t i o n s i n the B a r t l e s v i l l e reg ion, This o i l was then processed us ing the patented technology developed by the B a r t l e s v i l l e Energy Technology Center (BETC) i n e a r l i e r work. The r e s u l t i n g lube o i l basestock was tes ted by bo th phys ica l and chemical a n a l y t i c a l techniques and r igorous engine sequence t e s t s . The end product was a h igh-qua l i t y l u b r i c a t i n g o i l which passed a l l requirements f o r SE serv ice . Analyses of the a i l a r e presented a t the end o f each stage o f processing t o demonstrate the e f f e c t s o f that phase. 7 f i g u r e s , 18 tab les . (ERA c i t a t i o n 05:008093)

30

WASTE LUBRICATING OIL: AN ANNOTATED R E V I E W . BETC/IC-79/4

Cotton, F . 0

CORP. SOURCE- Department of Energy, B a r t l e s v i l l e . OK. B a r t l e s v i l l e Energy Technology Center. JOURNAL V0L.- u8018 no500 REPORT DATE- Dec 79 P A G I N A T I O N - 103p N T I S Pr ices- PC A06/MF A 0 1

Because of renewed in te res t in waste o i l , bo th in terms of energy conservation and as a th ren t t o the environment, there appears t o be a need f o r a systematic compi lat ion of informat ion on the subject . This l i s t i n g of 486 references was there fore compiled t o address t h i s need. A short summary of the Contents of most a r t i c l e s i s included. The b ib l iography i s d i v ided i n t o broad subject areas w i t h i n which the references are l i s t e d chrono log ica l l y , w i t h the most recent a r t i c l e s l i s t e d f i r s t . Papers cover ing more than one subject are r e - l i s t e d under the other subject headings w i t h reference t o the o r i g i n a l l i s t i n g . An author and pe r iod i ca l index i s a lso included as Appendix A . l i s t i n g the senior author on ly , fol lowed by the sect ion and reference number. Appendix B presents informat ion and addresses f o r ob ta in ing r e p r i n t s of some o f the references l i s t e d . ( E R A c i t a t i o n 05:006464)

COMPARISON OF SLUDGE SEPARATION PROCESSES I N THE BERC USED LUBRICATING O I L R E - R E F I N I N G PROCESS. FINAL REPORT. BETC-4343-1

CORP. SOURCE- Benham-Blair-Holway and Spragins. Tulsa, OK JDURNAL V0L.- ~ 8 0 1 3 no400 REPORT D A T E - Pug 79 PAGINATION- 34p CDNT. NO.- EY-77-C-02-4343 N T I S Pr ices- Pc A03 /MF A01

A l t e r n a t i v e methods t o separate the sludge from the so l ven t /o i l m ix tu re encountered i n the BERC O i l Re- re f in ing Process were inves t iga ted I n the laboratory and i n a cen t r i f uge vendoi-’s p i l o t p l a n t . The tes t r e s u l t s ind ica ted tha t a combinatiun of g r a v i t y s e t t l i n g t o e f f e c t a gross separat ion and c e n t r i f u g a t i o n o f the sludge underflow t o increase o i l recovery would be the best economical s i t u a t i o n , Based upon t h i s process change, the budget est imate f o r the c a p i t a l and operat ing costs were revised f o r a 10-m i l l i on -ga l l on per year p l a n t . The revised economic

31

estimates based upon current conditions showed: (I) the total capital requirements would be approximately $2.8 million, ( 2 ) the total manufacturing cost would be $0.45 per gallon, (3) the cash flow return on Investment before taxes would be approxlmately 54 percent. ( E R A citation 04:052557)

CHARACTERIZATION OF HIGH BOILING FOSSIL F U E L DISTILLATES V I A EXP 1 H AN0 EXP 13 C NMR ANALYSIS. OUARTERLY REPORT JULY 1 1978--SEPTEMBER 30 1978. BETC-001-1

Berlin. K . 0. o’oonnell. 0 . J . Sigle, s. CORP. SOURCE- Oklahoma State Univ.. Stillwater. Oept. of Chemistry. JOURNAL V0L.- u8OOI n0400 REPORT DATE- 1978 PAGINATION- 53p CONI. NO.- EW-78-S-19-0001 NTIS Prices- PC A04/MF A01

The progress to date under the orginal contract centers around the acquisitlon and analyses of exp 1 H and exp 13 C NMR spectra of the monoaromatlc concentrates and GPC (gel permeation chromatography) fractions of Wilmington 209-76 No. 15, 19. 23 and Gach Saran 206-76 No. 14. 18, 22 distillates (535 to 675 exp 0 C). In addition, the analyses of diaromatlc GPC fractions from Wilmington 211-76 No. 19 and Gach Saran 207-76 No. 21 distillates (535 to 675 exp 0 C) have also been initiated. The completion of these objectives has been slowed somewhat by additional requests by DOE f o r immediate analyses of fractions isolated from recovered lubricating oils. The results of the lnvestigation of these lubricating oil fractions have also been included in this report, though not strictly a part of the original contract. ( E R A citation 04:049482)

32

MEASUREMENTS AND STANDARDS FOR RECYCLE0 OIL - 1 1 : PROCEEDINGS OF A CONFERENCE HELD AT THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS GAITHERSBURG MARYLAND ON NOVEMBER 29 AND 30 1977. PB-299 95i/4

BBcker, 0 . A. Hurd, H. A.

CORP. SOURCE- National Measurement Lab. (NBS). Washington, DC. JOURNAL V0L.- u7926 OESCRIP. NOTE- Special pub. REPORT DATE- Sep 79 PAGINATION- 21Bp REPORT N0.- NES-SP-556 NTIS Prices- PC AIO/MF A01

The publication is a formal report of the second Conference on Measurements and Standards for Recycled Oil, held at the National Bureau of Standards on November 29 and 30, 1977. There Were Seven SeSLiions on specific subject areas. with a total of 32 presentations. The subject areas Were as follows: ( 1 ) The Existing Situation, (11) Environmental Considerations. (111) Nonlubricating End Uses. (IV) Legislation and Studies. (V) Evaluation of Re-refined Engine Oils, (VI) Additional Recycled Oil Activities, and (VI11 A panel discussion on the topic: 'What Data Base is Required to Establish the 'Substantial Equivalency' on Re-refined Motor Oils to Virgin Motor Oils.' Included in this report are invited talks given and a summary of the discussion following session VII.

BERC RE-REFINING PROCESS: AN ENGINEERING EVALUATION. FINAL REPORT. BETC/RI-79/1

Brinkman. D . W

CORP. SOURCE- Benham-Blair-Holway and Spragins. Tulsa, O K . JOURNAL V0L.- u79i9 n0400 REPORT DATE- Dec 78 PAGINATION- 25p CONS. NO.- EY-77-C-02-4343 NTIS Prices- PC A02/MF AOi

The budget estimate for the design and construction of a used lube oil re-refining plant using the BERC process is contcined in this report. Based upon current economic conditions, the following would apply for a iO-million-gailon~-per-year plant: the total capital requirements would be approximately $ 3 million. The total manufacturing Cost wculd be $0.42 per gallon. The cash flow return on investment before taxes would be approximately

33

58%. (ERA citation 04:035787)

UTILIZATION OF USE0 OIL. FINAL REPORT. ATR-78(7384j-i

Mascetti, G. J. White, H . M

CORP. SOURCE- Aerospace Corp., El Segundo, CA. JOURNAL V0L.- u792i n0400 REPORT DATE- Aug 70 PAGINATION- 396p CONT. NO.- EY-76-C-03-1101-003 NTIS Prices- PC Ai7/MF A01

This report assesses the potential impact of re-refining used automotive and industrial lubricating oils on the national petroleum consumption. The technical base for this assessment is derived from a comprehensive review of the processes utilized in re-refining used oil and those processes used to produce lube oil from crude. Both existing and recently proposed processes are considered. Additionally. an extensive revieid of processes descvibed in the patent literature is provided. Re-refining processes are surveyed and evaluated. Process descriptions are provided: hardware is identified: and process energy and economic requirements are calculated. Factors affecting the profitability of a re-refining operation are discussed. Economic projections of the demand for lube oil and the ability to satisfy this demand from crude oil are made and the value of lube oil as a vital resource and the need for conservation are addressed. Other factors related to re-refining are discussed. including lube oil characteristics. degradation, lube oil quality and engine sequence testing, and legislative and institutional barriers. Finally, an energy assessment of used oil utilization is made. Two options are considered in this assessment: ( 1 ) all used oil is re-refined and recycled back to lube oil: (2) all used oi) is burned to recover its heat content. (ERA citation 04:035786j

34

CLAY-CONTACTING RE-REFINED LUBRICATING OILS: A PARAMETER STUDY. BETC/RI-79/5

Reynolds, J. W . Brinkman. 0. W . Whisman. M . L

CORP. SOURCE- Department of Energy, B a r t l e s v i l l e . OK, B a r t l e s v i l l e Energy Technology Center. JOURNAL V0L.- u7921 no400 REPORT OATE- A p r 79 PAGINATION- 14p N T I S Pr ices- PC A02/MF A01

V a r i a t i o n of Some parameters invo lved i n c l a y contac t ing reclaimed l u b r i c a t i n g o i l f o r c o l o r and odor improvement has been stud ied. Laboratory experiments were conducted i n which temperature, o i l t o c l a y r a t i o . steam sparge r a t e . and the amount o f a c i d were var ied t o determine a se t of optimum cond i t ions . 13 f i g u r e s , 7 tab les. (ERA c i t a t i o n 04:040306)

USE0 OIL RECYCLING I N ILLINOIS: DATA BOOK PB-290 919/0

Yates. J. J. Croke. K . G . Klazura, A . G . Spaite. A . R . C h i u . H. H.

CORP. SOURCE- ETA Engineering. I n c . . Westmont, I L . JOURNAL V0L.- ~ 7 9 1 2 REPORT OATE- Oct 78 PAGINATION- i42p PROJ. N O . - IINR-80.085 MNTR. AGNCY.- IINR 78/34 NTIS Pr ices- PC AO7/MF A 0 1

Th is survey in fo rmat ion has been organized i n t o four sect ions: I l l i n o i s inventory of i n d u s t r i a l used o i l s ; Environmental impacts of o i l d isposal p rac t ices : Organizat ion o f r e c y c l i n g and r e - r e f i n i n g indus t ry i n I l l i n o i s ; Recycl ing and r e - r e f i n i n g technologies.

35

SOLVENT TREATMENT OF USEO LUBRICATING OIL TO REMOVE COKING AND FOULING PRECURSORS. BETC/RI-78/20

Brinkman. 0 . W . Cotton, F . 0. Whisman, M . L

CORP. SOURCE- Department of Energy. Bartlesville, OK. Bartlesville Energy Technology Center. JOURNAL VOL: u79i5 no400 REPORT DATE- Oec 78 PAGINATION- 33p NTIS Prices- PC A03/MF AOi

Coking and fouling problems encountered with direct distillation of used lubricating oils indicate the need for a pretreatment step in re-refining processes which employ distillation. A systematic, detailed study of pretreatment by solvent precipitation is presented. After many Solvents were tested. the optimum system is shown to be a mixture of 2-propanol, i-butanol. and methylethyl ketone in a ratio of 1:Z:i by volume. The minimum solvent-to-oil ratio is 3:i. Sludge separation and settling rates are noted for static reactors, and data for centrifuged samples are also included. The effects of container shape, pH. and impurities are studied and shown to be minimal. Pilot plant data show this pretreatment to be effective and prove solvents can be recycled for continued use. The solvent pretreatment in conjunction with dehydration, distillation, and a finishing process, produces a high-quality lube oil. (ERA citation 04:021466)

PROCESS FOR PREPARING LUBRICATING OIL FROM USEO WASTE LUBRICATING OIL. PATENT-4 073 719

Whisman. M . L. Reynolds, J . W. Geotzinger. J. W cotton, F. 0.

CORP. SOURCE- Department of Energy, Washington. D C . JOURNAL V0L.- ~7916 no400 OESCRIP. NOTE- Patent REPORT DATE- Filed 26 Apr 77. patented 14 Feb 78 PAGINATION- 12p REPORT NO.- PAT-APPL-791 076 AVAIL. NOTE- This Government-owned invention available for U . S . licensing and. possibly, for foreign licensing. Copy of patent available Commissionep of Patents. Washington, OC. 20231 $0.50. NTIS Prices- Not available NTIS

A re-refining process is described by which high-quality finished lubricating oils are prepared from used waste

36

lubricating and crankcase oils. The used oils are stripped of water and low-boiling contaminants by Vacuum distillation and then dissolved in a solvent of I-butanol. 2-propanol and methylethyl ketone, which precipitates a sludge containing most of the solid and liquid contaminants, unspent additives, and oxidation products present in the used oil. After separating the purified oil-solvent mixture from the Sludge and recovering the solvent for recycling, the purified oil is preferably fractional vacuum-distilled, forming lubricating oil distillate fractions which are then decolori2ed and deodorized to prepare alending stocks. The blending stocks are blended to obtain a lubricating oil base of appropriate viscosity before being mixed with an appropriate additive package to form the finiehed lubricating oil product. (ERA citation 04:025449)

BERC RE-REFINING PROCESS: COMPARISON OF HYOROFINISHING VERSUS CLAY CONTACTING. BERC/RI-78-11

Bigda. R. J

CORP. SOURCE- Bigda (Richard J . ) and Associates, Tulsa, O K . JOURNAL V0L.- u790i n0300 REPORT DATE- J u l 7 0 PAGINATION- 23p CONT. NO.- EY-77-X-19-0237 NTIS Prices- PC A02/MF A01

A comparison between the two possible lube finishing steps. clay contacting or hydrofinishing is presented. It is concluded that the costs of production of either finishing step are nearly the same--about 40 cent per gallon. Variables such as clay and hydrogen costs and waste clay disposal costs are determining factors. Capital costs f o r a BERC unit with clay contacting is about $iOO.OOO. or 3% cheaper. More highly skilled labor is required for the high pressure hydrofinishing step. The options presented will aid the re-refiners in designing a new facility. (ERA citation 03:051967)

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WASTE O I L I N ALASKA. AN EVALUATION OF WASTE O I L GENERAL AN0 OISPOSAL AN0 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR USE AND CONSERVATION. TASK A REPORT: WASTE O I L GENERATION AN0 O I S P O S A L . PB-287 568/0

CORP. SOURCE- Tryck, Nyman and Hayes, Anchorage, AK. JOURNAL V0L.- u7903 REPORT DATE- Oct 77 P A G I N A T I O N - i l 7 p N T I S Pr ices- PC A 0 6 / M F A01

This repor t contains informat ion, data and analys is of past and current p rac t ices of d isposing of waste o i l i n Alaska. I t a lso contains a review of the impacts o f waste o i l on the environment; a review of the C i t y and Borough of Juneau's waste o i l disposal program; and a b ib l iography o f past s tud ies, repor ts and documents on the top ic o f waste o i l .

MANAGEMENT O F ENVIRONMENTAL R I S K : A L I M I T E D INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT O F THE WASTE O I L R E F I N I N G INDUSTRY. PB-283 7i9/3

L i r o f f , 5 . 0

CORP. SOURCE- Teknakron, I n c . . Berkeley, C a l i f , Resource Management Oiv. JOURNAL V0L.- u7823 O E S C R I P . NOTE- F ina l r e p t . REPORT DATE- Mar 78 P A G I N A T I O N - 282p GRANT NO.- NSF-AEN75-17302 MNTR. A G N C K - NSF/RA 780062 N T I S Pr ices- PC A i 3 / M F A01

This repor t i s based on a review of the Waste O i l Reref in ing I n d u s t r y . The analys is assesses the indust ry 's current heal th , and glimpses i n t o the f u t u r e by looking a t f i v e d i f f e r e n t issue areas c r i t i c a l t o the indust ry and usefu l t o environmental pol icymaking as well. These f i v e areas inc lude: ( 1 ) An inventory and assessment of several r e r e f i n i n g technologies; (2) A f i n a n c i a l analys is o f several r e r e f i n i n g technologies; (3) An analys is of a l t e r n a t i v e fu tu res of the r e r e f i n i n g indust ry ; ( 4 ) The disposal of a c i d sludge; and ( 5 ) State and local governments as a f u t u r e market f o r r e r e f i n e d waste o i l . Resul ts of the analys is §how the p o t e n t i a l impacts of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act o f 1976 (PL 94-580) on the indust ry , and the a b i l i t y o f the indust ry t o cope w i t h RCRA by analyzing several indust ry a l t e r n a t i v e s i n the face of po ten t ia l RCRA regu la t ions . F i n a l l y , the p o t e n t i a l f o r es tab l i sh ing recyc led o i l programs i s evaluated f o r each of the 48 cont inenta l Uni ted States.

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METHOD FOR RECLAIMING WASTE L U B R I C A T I N G OILS. PATENT-4 0 7 3 720

Whisman. M . L . Goetzinger. J . W . Cotton, F . 0.

CDRP. SDURCE- Department o f Energy, Washington, O C . JOURNAL V0L.- u7826 no300 O E S C R I P . NOTE- Patent REPORT DATE- F i l e d 22 O C t 76 , patented 14 Feb 78 P A G I N A T I O N - 6p REPORT NO.- PAT-APPL-734 838 A V A I L . NOTE- This Government-owned invent ion ava i lab le f o r U . S . l i c e n s i n g and, poss ib ly , f o r f o r e i g n l i cens ing . Copy of patent ava i lab le Commissloner of Patents, Washington, O . C . 20231 $0.50. N T I S Pr ices- Not a v a i l a b l e N i I S

A method f o r p u r i f y i n g and rec la iming used l u b r i c a t i n g o i l s conta in ing add i t i ves such as detergents, ant iox idants . corros ion i n h i b i t o r s , extreme pressure agents and the l i k e and other s o l i d and l i q u i d contaminants by preferably f i r s t Vacuum d i s t i l l i n g the used o i l t o remove water and low-bo i l ing contanlinants. and t r e a t i n g the d r i e d o i l w i t h a solvent mix ture of butanol , isopropanol and methylethyl ketone which causes the separat ion of a layer o f Sludge Containing contamina?ts. unspent add i t i ves and ox ida t ion products. A f i e r solvent recovery, the desludged o i l i s then subjected 'to convontlonal l u b r i c a t i n g o i l r e f i n i n g steps Such as d i s t i l l a t i o n fo l lowed by deoo lor iza t ion and deodor izat ion. (ERA c i t a t i o n 03:048259)

U.S. ARMY/ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY RE-REFINE0 ENGINE OIL PROGRAM. AD-A056 806/3

Frame, E . A , Bowen. T . C . J r

CORP. SOURCE- SouthwesT Research I n s t San Antonio Tex Army Fuels and Lubr icants Research Lab JOURNAL V0L.- u7822 D E S C R I P . NOTE- Rept. f o r Oct 76-May 78 REPORT DATE- May 78 P A G I N A T I O N - 30p REPORT NO. - AFLRL-98 CONT. N 0 . - OAAK70-78-C-0001. DAAGS3-76-C-0003 N T I S Pr ices- PC A03/MF A 0 1

Re-ref ined base o i l s were obtained and analyzed. Based on the analyses, s i x o i l s were formulated t o MIL-L-46152 q u a l i t y leve l us ing the same concentrat icm o f a s ing le a d d i t i v e package. The formulated o i l s Were tef i ted against the requirements of MIL-L-46$52. One o i l passed a l l the

39

engine tests. Vehicles from City of San Diego which operated on re-refined oil were disassembled and inspected f o r deposits. (Author)

USED OIL RECYCLING KIT. OOE/CS-OOIS

03/MF AD1

Basic facts. ideas, and sample tools necessary to start a communitywide used oil recycling Program are provided. ( E R A citation 03:039103)

METHOD FOR RECLAIMING WASTE LUBRICATING OILS. PAT-APPL-734 838

Whisman, M . L . Goetzinger, J. W . Cotton, F . 0

CORP. SOURCE- Energy Research and Development Administration, Washington. D.C. JOURNAL V0L.- u7810 no300 OESCRIP. NOTE- Patent Application REPORT DATE- Filed 22 OCt 76 PAGINATION- i2p A V A I L . NOTE- This Government-owned invantion available for U . S . licensing and, possibly, for foreign licensing. Copy of application available NTIS. NTIS Prices- PC A02/MF Aoi A method is described for purifying and reclaiming used lubricating oils containing additives such as detergents, antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, extreme pressure agents and the like and other solid and liquid contaminants. Preferably, the used oil is first vacuum distilled to remove water and low-boiling contaminants. and the dried oil is then treated with a solvent mixture of butanol, isopropanol and methylethyl ketone which causes the separation of a layer of sludge containing contaminants, unspent additives and oxidation products. After solvent recovery. the desludged oil is then subjected to conventional lubricating oil refining steps such as distillation followed by decolorization and deodorization. ( E R A citation 03:012772)

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COMPARISON O F BERC RE-REFINING PROCESS WITH ACIO/CLAY/OISTILLATION PROCESS. BERC/RI-77/19

Brigda, R . J

CORP. SOURCE- Department of Energy, Bartlesville. Okla. Bartlesville Energy Research CenteP. JOURNAL V0L. - ~ 7 8 1 3 no300 REPORT DATE- Sep 77 PAGINATION- 32p CONT. NO.- EV-77-X-19-0237 NTIS Prices- PC A03/MF A01

This report compares the economics of acid/clay re-refining Wlth the economics o f the BERC solvent re-refining process. The Costs of re-refining using the BERC process have been studied in a previous report entitled ”Predesign Cost Estimate for Re-refined Lube Oil Plant” prepared for the Bartlesville Energy Research Center. Many of the baslc assumptions such as plant size, unit capacities. etc. used in that report have been used in this document. Part I o f this report compares both technologies with vacuum dlstillation as is anticipated with the BERC process. The cost of processing a gallon of re-refined oil witn acid/clay/distillatlon technology was found to be 48.7 cents pur gallon compared to 40.1 cents per gallon using the BERC solvent/distlllation process. Part 1 1 o f the report compares acid/clay technology as is now commonly used with the BERC solvent system. without using vacuum distillation for either re-refining scheme. Cost for processing a gallon of oil using acid/clay without vacuum distillation was found to be 45.8 cents per gallon compared to 37.9 cents per gallon for the BERC solvent system without vacuum distillation. I t should be noted that the BERC process is less expensive than either acid/clay process. ( E R A citation 03:016683)

PREOESIGN COST ESTIMATE FOR RE-REFINED LUBE OIL PLANT BERC/RI-77/ii

Blgda, R . J .

CORP. SOURCE- Bigda (Richard J . ) and Associates, Tulsa, Okla. iJOURNAL V0L.- u7B01 n0200 REPORT DATE- dun 77 PAGINATION- i9p NTIS Prices- PC A02/MF A01

The first est,mates for a predesign o f the BERC re-refining process are contained in this report. Although many process equipment variables are yet to be resolved, this first

4 1

estimate indicates the probable viability of the process. Based upon a plant which could process 10 mlllion gallons of waste lube oil a year, the following preliminary conclusions were made: Captiol costs would approximate 52 million. Waste oil purchased at 15 cents/gal could be re-refined into blendable lube oils for 39 cents/gal. Considering a selling price of 47 cents/gal in bulk, the return on investment before taxes would approach 45 percent. The operation is very sensitive to the cost of the used oil. The plant capacity could be doubled or tripled with only a modest increase in cost. These findings and the predesign analysis show areas where more intensive R and D is required. More effort is also apparent to demonstrate the feasibility of economically gathering the waste oil. A larger plant would be more economical. but this must be balanced with the cost of collecting the used oil. In general, the project offers promise as a means of economically and profitably conserving millions of gallons of valuable lube oils. (ERA citation 02:050903)

MEASUREMENTS AN0 STANDARDS FOR RECYCLED OIL: PROCEEDINGS OF A WORKSHOP HELD AT THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS IN GAITHERSBURG MARYLAND ON NOVEMBER 22 AN0 23 1976. PB-271 562/1

Becker. 0. A.

CORP. SOURCE- National Bureau o f Standards. Washington, O.C. Recycled Oil Program. JOURNAL V0L.- u1124 DESCRIP. NOTE- Final rept. REPORT DATE- Bug 77 PAGINATIDN- 145p REPORT NO.- NBS-SP-488 NTIS Prices- PC A07/MF A01

Contents: The NBS workshop objectives and the NBS recycled oil program; Burning used oil at a military installation; Fuel oil and the Defense Supply Agency; Fuel oil specifications; Automotive crankcase drainings used fop fuel; ASTM test methods for industrial oils; Industrial o i l recycling at Chrysler; Industrial oils-descriptions, additives, and test methods; The use of recycled industrial and hydraulic oils at Ford; Industrial lubricants, reclaimed oils, and test methods; 000 experiences in testing lube oils; Waste oil recycling--an idea whose time has come; Comments on additive response to different base oils; Activities of the ASTM used oil task force; Activities o f the API used oil task force; Chevron research’s experiences with re-refined oils; Engine sequence tests for determination of lube oil quality; Screening tests on lube

42

oils; Laboratory testing on re-refined motor oil: Diesel lube oil test methods: Recent used oil legislation: The lead problem associated with recycled oil: Factors affecting used oil recovery/utilization and effects o f proposed policy alternatives; Energy conservation aspects of re-refined oil; Marketing barriers for recycled oil.

WASTE LUBRICATING OIL RESEARCH: A COMPREHENSIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF F I V E TYPICAL RE - R E F I N E R Y FEEDSTOCKS PART 5 . BERC/RI-77/3

Cotton, F . 0. Whisman, M. L. Goetzinger. J . W Reynolds. J. w. CORP. SOURCE- Energy Research and Development Administration. Bartlesville, Okla. Bartlesville Energy Research Center. JOURNAL V0L.- u7724 no200 REPORT DATE- Apr 77 PAGINATION- 23p NTIS Prices- PC A02

By use o f procedures developed previously at this research center, five feedstock samples of used lubricating oil obtained from re-refineries were characterized in detail. A combination of silica-alumina gel and gel permeation chromatography was used to separate the oils into simpler fraction§ for analysis by low voltage mass spectrometry. The data Show the various samples to be extremely similar, implying that an acceptable reclamation procedure should produce consistent re-refinery product with minimal effects from feedstock variations. ( E R A citation 02:039i92)

ASSESSMENT Ih IhOJSTRIA- nAZAROOJS WASTE MANAGEMEhl PETR3LEJM RE-REFlhlhG IkDuSTRI. PB-272 267.6

Swain, J. W

CORP. SOURCE- Swain (John W.), Wellesley, Mass. JOURNAL V0L. - u7725 OESCRIP. NOTE- Final rept. Jan-Nov 76 REPORT DATE- dun 77 PAGINATION- i62p MNTR. AGNCV.- EPA/SW 144c NTIS Prices- PC A08/MF AOi

This study describes hazardous waste generation and management in the petroleum re-refining industry (SOC 2992) - the re-refining of waste oils for use as lubricants and as

43

f u e l . The indust ry ’s wastes conta in such p o t e n t i a l l y hazardous contaminants as heavy metals, phenols and p o t e n t i a l l y carcinogenic aromatic hydrocarbons. The repor t surveys indust ry c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s , q u a n t i t y and character of i t s p o t e n t i a l l y hazardous wastes, treatment anti disposal technology, anti at tendant costs . Pro ject ions f o r the product ion of re - re f ined o i l anti generation of wastes have been made f o r 1977 and 1983.

IhSPECTIOh OF P O L I C E C R J I S E R ENGlhES OPERATED LSlhlG RE-REFINE0 AluC VIRGIh B A S E 0 C R A M C A S E -LBRICAhTS AD-A045 330/8

Frame, E . A

CORP. SOURCE- southwest Research I n s t San Antonio Tex Army Fuels and Lubr icants Research Lab JOURNAL V0L.- u7726 O E S C R I P . NOTE- I n t e r i m r e p t . Jan-Aug 77 REPORT DATE- Aug 77 PAGINATION- 23p REPORT NO.- AFLRL-92 CONT. N0.- DAAG53-76-C-0003 N T I S Pr ices- PC A02/MF A01

Engine inspect ions were made o f several San Oiego. CA p o l i c e c r u i s e r u n i t s which Were operated using reFef ined engine o i l . For comparison, p o l i c e c r u i s e r u n i t s o f the same type from Hollywood Park, TX which were operated using v i r g i n based engine o i l were inspected, The r e s u l t i n g deposit leve l r a t i n g s a r e included i n t h i s r e p o r t . (Author)

W A Y S THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE CAN IMPROVE O I L R E C Y C L I N G PB-272 407/8

CORP. SOURCE- General Accounting Of f i ce , Washington, D . C . L o g i s t i c s and Communications Oiv . JOURNAL V0L.- u7726 O E S C R I P . NOTE- Report t o the Congress. REPORT DATE- 28 Sep 77 PAGINATION- 44p REPORT NO.- LCD-77-307 N T I S Pr ices- PC A03/MF AOi

This repor t discusses Federal agencies’ d isposal of used i u b r i c a t i n g o i l , the leadership needed t o manage t h i s resource, and act ions the Department o f Defense could take t o improve o i l recyc l ing . The review was made t o evaluate Federal agencies’ progress toward meeting the o i l recyc l ing requirements o f the Energy P o l i c y and Conservation Act o f

44

1975 ( 4 2 U.S.C. 6363 (Supp. V 1975)). This review was made pursuant to the Budget and Accounting Act, 1921 (31 U.S.C. 5 3 1 , and the Accounting and Auditing Act of 1950 (31 U.S.C. 67).

COMPARATIVE EVA-JATIOh OF NEW JSEO Ah0 RE-REFIhEO LUBRICATING OILS CONF-750267-1

Goetzinger. J. w . Whisman. M . L . cotton, F . o CORP. SOURCE- Energy Research and Development Administration, Bartlesville, Okla. Bartlesville Energy Research Center. JOURNAL V0L.- ~7716 no200 REPORT DATE- 1975 PAGINATION- 31p NTIS Prices- PC AO3/MF AOi

Several samples of automotive lubricating oil produced from both new and used stocks were compared in chemical properties, including metals analysis, concentration of phosphOPus, nitrogen, and sulfur; ash, acid number. and base number. Selected bench-scale tests were used to compare and evaluate the quality of these used, re-refined, and new motor oils. Most of the re-refined oils studied could not be distinguished from new oils by the laboratory tests. Samples produced in-house and included in this comparative evaluation were obtained by treating used oil by one of three techniques: (1) solvent precipitation; (2) vacuum distillation; and ( 3 ) combined solvent precipitation and vacuum distillation. The combined treatment effectively removed sludge and contaminants from the usee oil without causing serious change in the hydrocarbon composition of the oil base stock. Reformulation o f the re-refined oil with additives produced a lubricating oil comparable in quality to other oils of this study. i 0 fig. 5 tables. (ERA citation 02:025904)

45

TREATMENT OF WASTE LUBRICATING OIL U S I N G BERC/EROA SOLVENT, B E R C / R I - 7 6 / i i

Corlew. J. 5. Slusk i . R . J .

CORP. SOURCE- Custom Ref in ing C o . . Adams C i t y , Colo. JOURNAL V0L.- u7708 no200 REPORT DATE- 25 dun 76 PAGINATION- 47P CONT. NO.- PO-BE-76-P-1601 N T I S Pr ices- PC A03/MF Aoi

From data generated i n the laboratory and p i l o t p l a n t s tud ies a q u a l i t y re re f ined o i l can be produced v i a BERC/ERDA solvent e x t r a c t i o n and c l a y t reatment, Some of the important processing var iab les tha t determine the q u a l i t y of the f i n i s h e d product are temperature o f solvent e x t r a c t i o n , type of c lay used, temperature and time of c lay treatment, and the atmosphere under which the o i l i s t rea ted w i t h c l a y . Y ie lds o f 75 percent based on w a t e r - d i s t i l l a t e - f r e e o i l can be expected a t the Conditions used i n p i l o t p l a n t operat ions. The o i l s obtained could be compounded t o produce a large number Of h igh q u a l i t y l u b r i c a t i n g products. Unl ike an ac id-c lay process where the a c i d sludges pose an environmental problem, the BERC/ERDA system produces a marketable Sludge. (ERA c i t a t i o n 02:009094)

THE BURN-OFF OF WASTE LUBRICATING OILS I N COAST GUARD POWERPLANTS. E X E C U T I V E SUMMARY AD-A034 i80/0

Sherrard. J. R . Walter, R . A .

CORP. SOURCE- Transportat ion Systems Center Cambridge Mass JOURNAL V 0 L . - u7706 REPORT DATE- Aug 76 PAGINATION- i3p MNTR. AGNCY.- USCG D-113-76 N T I S Pr ices- PC A02/MF A O i

This repor t summarizes the r e s u l t s o f a study t o inves t iga te the f e a s i b i l i t y of u t i l i z i n g waste l u b r i c a t i n g o i l s as fue l i n Coast Guard powerplants. Adoption o f t h i s p r a c t i c e by the Coast Guard would conserve d iesel f u e l , as wel l as minimizing environmental degradation and e l i m i n a t i n g costs associated w i t h lube o i l d isposal . I t was concluded t h a t the coast Guard can sa fe ly use t h i s lube o i l as fue l i f i t i s p roper ly f i l t e r e d and mixed a t the correct r a t i o s w i t h the f u e l o i l . Various f i l t e r i n g devices were tested and the c o r r e c t m i x r a t l o s f o r d iesel engines, b o i l e r s , and gas

46

turbines were determined. It was found that with these safeguards the practice of lube oil burn-off will not adversely affect engine emissions. performance, maintenance, o r wear characteristics, Final recommendations and conclusions were made to the Coast Guard for the adoption of this practice. (Author)

WASTE OIL STUDY. REPORT TO THE CONGRESS. PE-257 693/2

CORP. SOURCE- Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. JOURNAL V0L.- U7624 REPORT DATE- Apr 74 PAGINATION- 414p NTIS Prices- PC A l 8 / M F A01

This report presents the results of studies undertaken to determine the extent of the problem resulting from the disposal of waste oils and the effect of various disposal techniques on the environment. The report is Submitted in fulfillment o f Section 104 (m) ( 2 ) of the Water Pollution Control Act Amendments o f 1972. waste lubricating oils Contain a myriad of contaminants depending upon their usage. In general. they contain oxidatlon products, sediment, water and metallic particles resulting from machinery wear. The collection o f waste oils from Industrial operations an8 automotive service facilities is the weakest link in the overall waste oil recycling/disposal scheme. Disposal methods currently used include re-refining, use as a fuel for industrial and utility applications, use !n road oils. asphalts and as a dust palliative, disposal in sanitary landfills. and SUrPeptitioUS dumping on land or in water. The re-refining industry in the bnited States is discussed. Results o f the biological studies to date are Presented.

47

A TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC STUDY OF WASTE O I L RECOVERY. PART I V . ENERGY CONSUMPTION I N WASTE O I L RECOVERY. PART V . A F I E L D TEST OF THE QUALITY OF RE-REFINED LUBE O I L S . PART V I . A REVIEW OF RE-REFIN ING ECONOMICS. P B - 2 5 1 716/7

C u k o r . P . M. H a l l , T .

CORP. SOURCE- T e k n e k r o n , I n c . , Berke ley. C a l i f . JOURNAL V 0 L . - u7612 OESCRIP. NOTE- F i n a l r ep t . REPORT OATE- O C t 75 PAGINATION- 1 4 1 p CONT. NO.- E P A - 6 8 - 0 1 - 2 9 0 4 MNTR. AGNCY.- EPA/53O/SW 90c.4 N T I S P r l c e s - PC AO7/MF A 0 1

T h i s r e p o r t conta ins the f o l l o w i n g s tud ies : A n energy balance of w a s t e o i l r ecyc l i ng as lube 011 and w a s t e o i l recoery as fuel o i l : A desc r ip t i on o f a p o t e n t i a l f i e l d t e s t re - re f i ned lube o i l using m o t o r veh ic les on a federa l f a c i l i t y ; A n update o f r e - r e f i n i n g e c o n o m i e s r e f l e c t i n g Increased pr ices o f p e t r o l e u m products (1974-75) .

WASTE LUBRICATING O I L RESEARCH: A COMPARISON OF BENCH-TEST PROPERTIES OF RE-REFINE0 AND V I R G I N LUBRICATING O I L S . BM-RI -7979

W h i s m a n . M. L . G o e t z i n g e r . J . W . C o t t o n , F . 0

CORP. SOURCE- Bureau o f M i n e s , B a r t l e s v i l l e , O k l a . B a r t l e s v i l l e E n e r g y R e s e a r c h C e n t e r . JOURNAL V 0 L . - u7606 n7506 REPORT OATE- 1974 PAGINATION- 2Op N T I S P r i c e s - PC A02/MF A 0 1

F o r abs t rac t , see ERA 75 06. number 0 1 0 2 4 .

48

CONSERVATION OF PETROLEUM WASTES AT RED RIVER ARMY DEPOT, AD-A015 030/0

Yoast, K . L

CORP. SOURCE- Army Materiel Command Texarkana Tex Intern Training Center JOURNAL V0L.- u7523 OESCRIP. NOTE- Final rept. REPORT DATE- Mar 74 PAGINATION- 64p REPORT NO.- USAMC-ITC-02-08-73-023 NTIS Prices- PC A04/MF AD i

This research is designed to answer the following question: ( i ) what are the main sources of waste petroleum oils and lubricants (POL'S) at Red River Army Depot; (2) are there suitable methods of minimizing the amount of waste Pol's generated by RRAD: and (3) what are the optimum methods f o r disposal of the waste POL'S. In order to answer these questions, research was conducted and the following conclusions were reached. One, that reuse of oil in the Depot's Dynamometer Engine Test Shop could Save 40.000 gallons of oil and $37,670 yearly. Two, that the best method of disposal for the remainder of the depot's waste pol's, amounting to 95,000 gallons annually. is combustion in the depot's boilers. this method would save red river army depot about $30.000 yearly. (Author)

WASTE AUTOMOTIVE LUBRICATING OIL REUSE AS A FUEL PB-241 357/3

Chansky, S . Carroll, J. Kincannon, 6 . Sahagian, J. Surprenant. N.

CORP. SOURCE- GCA Corp., Bedford, Mass. GCA Technology DiV. JOURNAL V0L.- u75i4 DESCRIP. NOTE- Socioeconomic environmental studies Series REPORT DATE- Sep 74 PAGINATION- 2i8p CONT. NO.- EPA-68-01-1859 PROJ. N0.- EPA-ROAP-51AQK-03 MNTR. AGNCY.- EPA/600/5 74-032 AVAIL. NOTE- Paper copy also available from GPO. NTIS Prices- PC AiO/MF A01

This study evaluates the technical. economic and environmental feasibility of automotive waste oil reuse as a fuel. The supply and potential marketability of waste oil fuel is Considered in relationship to existing and projected fossil fuel usage in the United States. Moreover, its use

49

will alleviate a EierioUS waste oil disposal problem. The physical and chemical properties of waste oil are presented and serve as the basis for subsequent assessment of waste oil usage options. Options considered are the use of untreated waste oil as a blended fuel oil or as a supplement to coal combustton and the use o f waste oil following treatment to alleviate technical and environmental impacts. Various treatment methods are di5cussed and their cost and effectiveness assessed. The reduction of environmental impacts by the use of particulate emission control system and industrial utilization of fuel and control equipment.

PRELIMINARY DESIGN OF A COMPREHENSIVE WASTE O I L PROCESSING FACILITY. PB-242 461/2

Gumtz, G. 0. Martin, E. J.

CORP. SOURCE- Maryland Environmental Service, Annapolis, Md. JOURNAL V 0 L . - ~ 7 5 1 7 OESCRIP. NOTE- Final rept. REPORT DATE- May 75 PAGINATION- i42p GRANT NO.- EPA-S-800650 PROJ. NO.- EPA-ROAP-2iAVJ-04 MNTR. AGNCY.- EPA/670/2 75-056 NTIS Prices- PC AO7/MF A01

A preliminary design is presented for a comprehensive waste oil recovery and disposal facility for the State of Maryland. The base for this design was an annual state-wide waste oil generation of 22,000,000 gallons which includes all known waste oil sources. With a 90 percent Stream factor, feed to the plant is 66,000 gallons per day.

PETROLEUM LUBRICATING OILS AN0 OIL ADDITIVES AD-A012 074/i

CORP. SOURCE- Naval Intelligence Support Center Washington 0 C Translation Oiv JOURNAL V0L.- u75i8 REPORT DATE- 13 May 75 PAGINATION- 82p REPORT NO.- NISC-Trans-3666 NTIS Prices- PC AO5/MF A01

Contents: Two-stage refining of lubricating fractions distilled from Sour and Sweet crudes with phenol: Refining the lubricating fractions of paraffinic sour and sweet C w d e oils with phenol and furfural; Continuous refeining of lubricating oils in a moving adsorbent layer; Alkylated

50

aromatic hydrocarbons as components of lubricating oils; Industrial production of alkylphenol oil additives VNII NP-370 and VNII NP-371; Synthesis of ashless and low-ash content additives on the basis of sulfonic acid and alkylphenols: Low molecular polymers as viscosity index improvers; Emulsifiability of oils and wearing of additives in contact with water: Viscosity of mixtures of polysiloxanes with synthetic fluids of different classes; Properties of esters of neopentyl glycols.

RECYCLING OF WASTE OILS. PB-243 222/7

Maims, S .

CORP. SOURCE- National Oil Recovery Corp.. Bayonne. N.J. JOURNAL V0L.- u7519 OESCRIP. NOTE- Final rept. REPORT DATE- dun 75 PAGINATION- 283p CONT. NO.- EPA-66-01-0177 PROJ. NO.- EPA-15080-HLB MNTR. AGNCY.- EPA-670/2 75-068 NTIS Prices- PC Ai3/MF A01

The objective of the work reported is the development of technology to recycle waste oils to useful products, without producing undesirable wastes. Both crankca5e and other waste oils were studied in the laboratory and in a 1000 barrel per day vacuum distillation process operated by National Oil Recovery Corporation in Bayonne. New Jersey. Plant operations demonstrated that vacuum distillation i s a suitable process for producing fuel5 from a wide variety of waste oils. Laboratory and engineering studies showed that the distillate side product produced from crankcase waste oil could be catalytically hydrotreated to produce a lube with good odor. coior. and stability characteristics. Overall, the vacuum distillation/hydrogen treatment process for re-refining waste oils holds great promise. The distillation bottoms, containing high concentrations of lead and other metals. can be used as a fuel in secondary lead smelting. Pretreatment and chemical reduction agents show promise in refining, but additional laboratory and evaluation work is reauired.

A TECHNICAL AN0 ECONOMIC STUDY OF WASTE O I L RECOVERY. PART I : FEDERAL RESEARCH ON O I L FRQM AUTOMOBILES. PB-237 6iB/4

Cukor. P . M . Keaton. M . J . Wilcox, G

CQRP. SOURCE- Teknekron, I n c . . Berkeley, C a l i f . JOURNAL V0L.- ~ 7 5 0 4 O E S C R I P . NOTE- F ina l r e p t . REPORT OATE- O c t 73 PAGINATION- 99p CQNT. N O . - EPA-68-01-1606 MNTR. AGNCY.- EPA/530/SW 9Oc.i N T I S Pr ices- PC AO5/MF A O i

T h i s r e p o r t contains a summary of Federal Research and regu la t ions concerning waste o i l from automobiles. I t a lso conta ins an annotated b ib l iography of pub l i ca t ions concerning wa5te o i l d isposal . Por t ions of t h i s document a re not f u l l y l e g i b l e .

A TECHNICAL AN0 ECONOMIC STUOY OF WASTE OIL RECOVERY, PART 11: AN I N V E S T I G A T I O N OF D ISPERSED SOURCES OF USE0 CRANKCASE OILS. PB-237 6 i9 /2

Cukor. P . M . Keaton. M . J. Wilcox, G

CORP. SOURCE- Teknekron, I n c . , Berkeley, C a l i f . JOURNAL V0L.- u7504 O E S C R I P . NOTE- F ina l r e p t . REPORT OATE- Oct 7 3 PAGINATION- 67p CONT. NO.- EPA-68-01-1606 MNTR. AGNCY.- EPA/530/SW 9Oc.2 N T I S Pr ices- PC A04/MF A 0 1

In order t o BBtimate the magnitude of dispersed sources of used o i l , the methods o f used o i l d'isposal and consumer a t t i t u d e s towards o i l purchases (espec ia l l y the purchase of recyc led o i l ) Par t I 1 of t h i s study was made o f the purchase a t t i t u d e s and disposal p rac t ices o f persons who buy automobile crankcase o i l i n discount s tores and subsequently change t h e i r own o i l . A questionnaire was prepared and used i n in te rv iews w i t h approximately 600 persons who were buying o i l a t discount s tores i n Oakland, C a l i f o r n i a . A copy o f the Quest ionnai re i s contained i n t h i s reDor t . The PesUltS o f the survey were analyzed. The resu l t s ' of t h i s anaiys is form the bas is o f t h i s r e p o r t .

52

A TECHNICAL AN0 ECONOMIC STUDY OF WASTE O I L RECOVERY. PART 1 1 1 : ECONOMIC TECHNICAL AN0 I N S T I T U T I O N A L B A R R I E R S TO WASTE O I L RECOVERY. PB-237 620/0

Cukor, P . M . Keaton. M . J . Wilcox, G .

CORP. SOURCE- Teknekron. I n c . . Berkeley. C a l i f . JOURNAL V0L.- u7504 O E S C R I P . NOTE- F ina l r e p t . REPORT OATE- Oct 73 PAGINATION- 136p CONT. NO.- EPA-68-01-1806 MNTR. AGNCY.- EPA/530/SW 9Oc.3 N T I S Pr ices- PC A07/MF A O i

The repor t contains a study of the waste o i l r e - r e f i n i n g indus t ry , emphasizing economic, technical and i n s t i t u t i o n a l b a r r i e r s t o waste o i l recovery.

WASTE LUBRICATING O I L RESEARCH. A COMPARISON OF BENCH-TESl PROPERTIES OF RE-REFINED AN0 V I R G I N LUBRICATING OILS, PB-238 124 /2

Whisman. M . L . Goetzinger, J . W . Cotton, F . 0

CORP. SCJURCE- Bureau o f Mines. B a r t l e s v i l l e , Okla. B a r t l e s v i l l e Energy Research Center. JOURNAL V 0 L . - u1505 O E S C R I P . NOTE- Rept. of inves t iga t ions REPORT OATE- Oct 74 PhGINATION- 23p REPORT N O . - BuMines-RI-7973 N T I S Pr ices- PC A02/MF A01

Several commercial processes for rec la iming used l u b r i c a t i n g o i l were dup l ica ted on a laboratory bench scale. Laboratory tes ts were selected and i n some instances modif ied t o determine the physical p roper t ies of each o i l produced. I n add i t i on , the hydrocarbon composition of some samples was determined us ing a l i q u i d chromatographic technique, and compared w i t h the composition of new o i l i n order t o determine the Sever i ty of the r e - r e f i n i n g technique. Selected samples o f reprocessed o i l were reformulated w i th an a d d i t i v e package f o r f u r the r est imates of q u a l i t y as determined by wear, corrosion. foaming and ox ida t i on s t a b i l i t y t e s t s . Add i t i ona l l y , several samples of commercially r e - r e f i n e d o i l and new o i l were obtained and physical p roper t i es were determined for. comparative s tud ies ,

53

DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENT FOR EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS GUIDELINES AND NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR THE PETROLEUM REFINING

IINT SOURCE C A T E G O R Y ,

Halper. M

CORP. SOURCE- Environmental Pro tec t ion Agency, Washington, D.C. Ef f luent GUidellnesOiv.. JOURNAL V0L.- u7508 O E S C R I P . NOTE- F ina l r e p t . REPORT DATE- Apr 74 PAGINATION- 207p REPORT NO.- EPA4401-74-014-a AVAIL. NOTE- P 44/974. PC52.75. NTIS Pr ices- PC A I O / M F A01

This development document presents the f i n d i n g s of an extens ive study o f the Petroleum Ref in ing Indus t ry f o r the purposes of developing e f f l u e n t l i m i t a t i o n guide l ines, standards o f performance, and pretreatment standards f o r the indus t ry t o implement Sections 304, 306 and 307 Of the Federal Water P o l l u t i o n Control Act o f 1972. (PL 92-500). Guidel ines and standards were developed f o r the o v e r a l l petroleum r e f i n i n g indus t ry , which was d i v i d e d i n to f i v e subcategories. E f f luen t l i m i t a t i o n guide l ines contained here in set f o r t h the degree o f reduct ion O f p o l l u t a n t s i n e f f l u e n t s t h a t i s a t t a i n a b l e through the a p p l i c a t i o n o f best p r a c t i c a b l e cont ro l technology c u r r e n t l y a v a i l a b l e (BPCTCA). and the degree of reduct ion a t t a i n a b l e through the a p p l i c a t i o n o f best a v a i l a b l e technology economically achievable (BATEA) by e x i s t i n g po in t sources f o r Ju ly 1 , 1977. and J u l y 1. 1983, respec t ive ly . Annual costs f o r the petroleum r e f i n i n g indus t ry f o r achiev ing BPCTCA Control by i977 and 1980 are est imated. Supporting data and r a t i o n a l e f o r the development o f proposed e f f l u e n t l i m i t a t i o n guide l ines and standards O f performance are contained i n t h i s development document. Processes. con t ro l technology. and costs a re a lso discussed.

54

USED OIL L A W IN THE UNITE0 STATES AN0 EUROPE PB-239 449/2

Irwin, W . A . Liroff. R . A

CORP. SOURCE- Environmental Law Inst.. Washington, O.C. JOURNAL V0L.- u75i2 OESCRIP. NOTE- Socioeconomic environmental Studies series REPORT DATE- JUI 74 PAGINATION- 305p CONT. NO.- EPA-68-01-2203 PROJ. NO.- EPA-ROAP-24ACN-04 MNTR. AGNCY.- EPA/600/5 74-025 A V A I L . NOTE- 600/5-74-25. NTIS Prices- PC A14/MF A01

This report briefly reviews existing information on the collection and disposal of used automotive and industrlal oils and on the potential health risks of improper disposal of such oils. Provisions of federal law governing disposal of used oils are analyzed. The history Of federal taxation of lubricating oils is recounted, as is that of federal requirements for labeling products made from used oils. State laws regulating used oii disposal and reprocessed oil labeling ai-e analyzed and the laws (and/or proposed laws) of several other industrialized nations governing used oil collection and disposal are described. The elements of a comprehensive program for regulating used oil collection and disposal and alternative means f o r implementing and funding such a program are discussed. Recent Congressional bills relating to used oils are examined.

5 5

WORKSHOP ON RESEARCH METHOOOLOGIES FOR STUDIES OF ENERGY FOOD MAN AN0 ENVIRONMENTWASTE OIL RECYCLING AND DISPOSAL PB-236 143/4PB-236 148/3

Pimentel , 0 . Lynn, W . R . MacReynolds, W . K . Hewes. M . T . Weinstein. N . J .

CORP. SOURCE- Cornel1 Univ. , I thaca. N. Y . Center f o r Environmental Q u a l i t y Management. JOURNAL VOL.- u7426 O E S C R I P . NOTE- F ina l r e p t . on Phase 1 CORP. SOURCE- Recon Systems, I n c . , Pr inceton, N.J. JOURNAL V0L.- u7426 O E S C R I P . NOTE- Environmental p r o t e c t i o n technology ser ies REPORT DATE- Pug 74 PAGINATION- 344p CONT. N0.- EPA-68-01-1870, EPA-68-03-0394 P R O J . NO.- EPA-ROAP-21AVJ-21 MNTR. AGNCY.- W74 12215, EPA 670/2-74-052 AVAIL. NOTE- 670-2-74-052. NTIS Pr ices- PC A15/MF A01

In format ion was developed on Sources and q u a n t i t i e s o f waste o i l s , cur ren t and p o t e n t i a l recyc le and disposal methods. and th& environmental impact of these methods. I n a d d i t i o n t o an extensive l i t e r a t u r e search, surveys ( o f r e r e f i n e r s , c o l l e c t o r s and processors. the P i t tsburgh Pennsylvania Metro area and Standard I n d u s t r i a l C l a s s i f i c a t i o n groups) were conducted t o develop in format ion reported.

OISPOSAL/RECYCLE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT FOR A I R FORCE WASTE PETROLEUM OILS AN0 LUBRICANTS. AD-779 723/6

Lieberman. M

CORP. SOURCE- ESSO Research and Engineering Co Linden N J JOURNAL V0L.- u7415 D E S C R I P . NOTE- F ina l r e p t . Jan 73-Jan 74 REPORT DATE- Apr 74 PAGINATION- 129p CONT. N0.- F29601-73-C-0047 P R O J . NO. - AF-683M MNTR. AGNCY.- FWL TR-73-283 NTIS Pr ices- PC A07/MF A 0 1

The study addresses the problem of d ispos ing waste l u b r i c a n t s and contaminated f u e l s generated a t A i r Force Bases. The nature and ra tes of generation o f several waste petroleum products such as l u b r i c a t i n g o i l s , hydrau l i c f l u i d s and contaminated j e t f u e l a re considered. Present A i r Force waste petroleum oils and l u b r i c a n t s (POLS) prac t ices are reviewed inc lud ing a d e s c r i p t i o n o f Operations a t K e l l y and Andrew6 A i r Force Bases. Waste POLS data f o r other

56

bases, generated by questionnaire, are also reviewed. Disposal/recycle options are identified and discussed. A general procedure for developing an effective waste POLS disposal system, for any Air Force installation is presented, including disposal decision making criteria and the dispos~l decision making process. Hypothetical examples, illustrating the mechanics of the procedure, are presented. The importance O f a carefully planned program for implementing the developed waste POLs/disposal procedure is described including education o f base personnel, enforcement o f waste product segregation and management. Considerably high waste product values can be realized by the implementation of the described procedure. (Author)

STATE OF MARYLAND WASTE OIL RECOVERY AN0 REUSE PROGRAM PB-234 446/3

Martin. E . J . Gumtz, G. D.

CORP. SOURCE- Environmental Quality Systems, Inc., Rockville, Md. JOURNAL V 0 L . - u7420 OESCRIP. NOTE- Technology series REPORT DATE- Jan 74 PAGINATION- 262p GRANT NO.- S800650 MNTR. AGNCK- W74 10539, €PA 670/2-74-013 A V A I L . NOTE- Pap.er copy available from GPO $2.70. NTIS Prices- PC-GPD/MF A 0 1

This report supplements the findings o f a 1971 study conducted by the Maryland Environmental Service and the Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, which concluded that the discharge of waste oils to state waters produced a problem within the state of Maryland. Using questionnaires and interviews, it was estimated that 18.5 million gallons of waste oils were generated in Maryland in 1972. Mathematical models determined the most effective collection systems and economics for the waste oil program. Preliminary designs were developed for different scales of process plants. Heavy CmDhaSiS was placed on protecting the environment. Plant costs, management, legislative and regulatory approaches to the waste oil probiem were delineated. A waste oil recovery and reuse program can be initiated immediately using existing technology, collection and storage resources. Because of a need to consider all sources of waste oils, the program requires Subsidization at lower plant throughputs.

57

wASTE -JBRICATIhG O I L RESEARCn. SOME IhhOVATIVE APPROAChES T O RECLAIMING "SED CRAh<CPSE OIL PB-234 685/6

Whisman, M. L. Goetzinger. J . W . Cotton, F . 0

CORP. SOURCE- Bureau of Mines, Washington, D.C. JOURNAL V0L.- u7422 DESCRIP. NOTE- Rept. of investigations REPORT DATE- JUl 74 PAGINATION- 24p REPORT NO.- BuMines-RI-7925 NTIS Prices- PC A02/MF A01

The Bureau of Mines developed and tested in the laboratory several innovative techniques for reclaming used lubricating oil. These processes included percolation through both chemically treated clay and ion-exchange resins, distillation through batch and continuous wiped-wall vacuum apparatus, treatment with solvent exti-action systems, and chemical removal of impurities with chelating agents. In each treatment, the criteria of evaluation was oil recovery and reduction of acidic and metallic components. Both vacuum distillation and Solvent treatment ranked high in their abilities to remove acidic and metallic components of the used oil with good oil recoveries. A combination of the two techniques gave the best overall results in terms of quality evaluations made by established bench tests. The methods were not ranked according to economic practicability.

WASTE OIL RECOVERY PRACTICES STATE OF THE ART 1972 PB-229 801/6

CORP. SOURCE- Environmental Quality Systems, Inc. Rockville, Md , JOURNAL V0L.- "7410 REPORT OATE- Oec 72. PAGINATION- 250p NTIS Prices- PC Aii/MF A0 1

A study of waste oil production, collection, reprocessing. re-refining and disposal was carried out emphasizing the State of Maryland. State and national data on the origin and amounts of Waste automotlve, industrial and other waste oils is presented. Current collection, re-refining and disposal techniques are discussed along with technology which has potential f o r application to reprocessing of waste oils, In addition, economic and legal factors which may affect the development of waste oil recovery programs on a statewide and nationwide basis. together with changes in automotive pollution control technology are discussed.

58

WASTE LUBRICATING O I L RESEARCH. AN I N V E S T I G A T I O N OF SEVERAL RE-REFINING METHODS. PE-231 277/5

Whisman, M . L . Goetzinger. J . W . and Cotton, F . 0

CORP. SOURCE- Bureau o f Mines, Washington. O . C . JOURNAL V0L.- u74i2 O E S C R I P . NOTE- Rept. of Inves t iga t ions REPORT DATE- Mar 74, PAGINATION- 3 i p REPORT N0.- BuMines-RI-7884 N T I S Pr ices- PC A03/MF A O i

Several commercial processes for rec la iming used l u b r i c a t i n g o i l were dupl icated on a laboratory bench scale. Laboratory t e s t s were selected and i n some instances modif ied t o determine the phys ica l p roper t ies of each o i l produced. I n a d d i t i o n , the hydrocarbon composition of some samples was determined us ing a l i q u i d chromatographic techntque. and compared w i t h the composition of new o i l i n order t o determine the s e v e r i t y of the r e - r e f i n i n g technique. Selected samples of reprocessed o i l were reformulated w i t h an a d d i t i v e package f o r f u r t h e r estimates of q u a l i t y as determined by wear, corrosion. foaming, and ox ida t ion s t a b i l i t y t e s t s . A d d i t i o n a l l y , several samples o f commercially re - re f ined o i l and new o i l were obtained and phys ica l p roper t ies were determined f o r comparative s tud ies. (Author)

WATER POLLUTION CONTROL OEMONSTRATION. PB-217 933

CORP. SOURCE- V i l lanova Univ . . P a . JOURNAL V0L.- e7301 O E S C R I P . NOTE- F ina l progress r e p t . REPORT DATE- 1968, P A G I N A T I O N - 54p GRANT NO.- WPO-174-01-67 N T I S Pr ices- PC E02/MF A 0 1

The purpose i s t o demonstrate a process f o r e l i m i n a t i o n o f water p o l l u t i o n by waste o i l r e - r e f i n i n g p l a n t s .

59

CONVERSION O F CRANKCASE WASTE O I L INTO USEFUL PRODUCTS PB-205 207

Maims, S . and Urquhart. K

C O R P . SOURCE- Nat ional Oil Recovery Corp., Bayonne. N.J. JOURNAL V 0 L . - u7204 D E S C R I P . NOTE- Water P o l l u t i o n Control Research ser ies REPORT DATE- Mar 71 . PAGINATION- 84p PROJ. N O . - EPA-WQ0-15080-DBO MNTR. AGNCV. - W7202366.EPA-WQ0i508O-OBO-O3/7i A V A I L . NOTE- 15080DBO-O3/7i. N T I S Pr ices- PC-GPO/MF A O I - N T I S

A s i m p l i f i e d technique f o r reprocessing spent automotive crankcase o i l s i n t o useful petroleum products other than lube o i l s , wi thout producing residues which cause water p o l l u t i o n was demonstrated. A l l of the petroleum products from vacuum d i s t i l l a t i o n of the waste o i l s were so ld as low s u l f u r heat ing f u e l as po ten t ia l d iesel f u e l s . Only the water i n the fue l was not recovered. Varying composition of the waste o i l s accounted f o r much of the operat ion d i f f i c u l t y encountered. Metal based add i t i ves caused numerous clogging problems. Feed v a r i a b i l i t y p lus increas ing ly s t r ingent e f f luen t laws r e s u l t e d i n obsolescence of the p lan t before t e s t runs were f in ished. Use of the waste o i l s i n the p l a n t was extremely damaging t o the equipment, r e s u l t i n g i n much greater year ly deprec iat ion than was an t ic ipa ted .

60

A C I D SLUDGE 38 P B - 2 8 3 7 1 9 / 3

AOSORBENTS 5 A D - A 1 3 5 926/4

50 AD-A012 0 7 4 / 1

ADSORPTION 6 D E 8 4 9 0 0 2 0 0

3 7 B E R C / R I - 7 8 - 1 1 50 AD-A012 0 7 4 / 1

A I R FORCE F A C I L I T I E S 56 A D - 7 7 9 723/6

A I R POLLUTION 39 AO-A056 806/3 43 P B - 2 7 2 26?/6 4 6 AD-A034 180/0

5 5 P B - 2 3 9 4 4 9 / 2 58 P B - 2 2 9 801/6

A I R POLLUTION CONTROL 4 9 P B - 2 4 1 3 5 7 / 3 55 PB-239 4 4 9 / 2

a9 ~ 6 - 2 4 1 3 5 7 / 3

A I R QUALITY 5 O E 8 4 0 0 1 1 5 6

AIRCRAFT ENGINES 5 AD-A135 9 2 6 / 4

A L I P H A T I C COMPOUNDS 50 A D - A O i 2 0 7 4 / 1

ALUMINIUM OXIDES 1 1 D E 8 3 0 0 9 3 5 1 43 B E R C / R I - 7 7 / 3

ANOREWS A I R FORCE BASE 56 A D - 7 7 9 723/6

&QUATIC BIOLOGY 3 8 P B - 2 8 7 568/0

ARMY EQUIPMENT 39 AD-A056 806/3

ARMY F A C I L I T I E S 1 4 AD-A123 097/8

AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS 50 AD-A012 0 7 4 / 1

AUTOMOBILE EXHAUST 39 AD-A056 806/3

AUTOMOBILES 1 COO-4074-3

39 AD-A056 806/3 52 P B - 2 3 7 6 1 8 / 4

AUTOMOTIVE FUELS 38 P B - 2 8 7 568/0 4 3 P B - 2 7 2 267/6 47 P B - 2 5 7 693/2 48 PB-251 7 1 6 / 7

AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLES 4 4 AD-A045 330/8

A V A I L A B I L I T Y 1 D E 8 4 0 0 3 1 4 5

2 8 OOE/BC/30227-1

A V I A T I O N FUELS 4 3 P B - 2 7 2 2 6 7 / 6

BENZOPYRENES 23 P882- i 3 0 2 O 5

BEST TECHNOLOGY 5 4 P B - 2 3 8 612/6

B IBL IOGRAPHIES 13 D E 8 3 0 0 1 4 3 9 31 B E T C / I C - 7 9 / 4 38 P B - 2 8 7 568/0 52 PB-237 6 1 8 / 4

s-1

B U I L D I N G MATERIALS 27 DOE/BC/10089-1

C A L I F O R N I A 5 D E 8 4 0 0 1 1 5 6

CAPACITY(QUANT1TY) 1 4 AD-A123 097/8

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 7 D E 8 4 0 0 2 0 0 2

38 P B - 2 8 7 568/0 4 5 CONF-750267-1 5 3 P B - 2 3 8 1 2 4 / 2 59 P B - 2 3 1 2 7 7 / 5

CHEMICAL 7

C A P I T A L I Z E D COSTS 17 P B 8 3 - 1 0 2 4 3 4 33 B E T C / R I - 7 9 / 1 38 P B - 2 8 3 7 1 9 / 3 4 1 B E R C / R I - 7 7 / 1 1 54 P B - 2 3 8 612/6

CARBON BLACK 16 D E 8 2 0 1 4 5 5 4 18 D E 8 2 0 0 7 6 7 1

CARCINOGENS 43 PB-272 2 6 7 / 6

CARGO VEHICLES 14 AD-A123 0 9 7 / 8

CATALYTIC EFFECTS 1 1 D E 8 3 0 0 9 3 5 1

CENTRIFUGATION 31 B E T C - 4 3 4 3 - 1

CHELATING AGENTS 58 P B - 2 3 4 685/6

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS 9 P B 8 3 - 2 3 6 3 3 1

13 D E 8 3 0 0 1 4 3 9 32 B E T C - 0 0 1 - 1 4 3 B E R C / R I - 7 7 / 3 45 CONF-750267-1

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 4 O E 8 4 0 0 2 5 5 5

18 25 35 4 5 48 50 AD-A012 0 7 4 / 1

CHROMATOGRAPHY 4 3 B E R C / R I - 7 7 / 3

C I V I L I A N POPULATION 4 4 AD-A045 330/8

COAST GUARD S H I P S 46 AD-A034 180/0

COBALT OXIDES 1 1 D E 8 3 0 0 9 3 5 1

COLLECTING METHODS 5 7 P B - 2 3 4 4 4 6 / 3

COLLECTION 4 7 P B - 2 5 7 693/2 55 P B - 2 3 9 4 4 9 / 2 56 P B - 2 3 6 143/4PB-

COMBAT VEHICLES 1 4 AD-A123 097/8

COMBUSTION 4 O E 8 4 0 0 2 5 5 5

3 4 A T R - 7 8 ( 7 3 8 4 ) - 1 4 9 AD-PO15 030/0

COMMERCIAL SECTOR 1 D E 8 4 0 0 3 1 4 5

COMMUNITIES 22 D E 8 2 0 1 0 6 4 2

COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONS 4 D E 8 4 0 0 2 5 5 5

1 1 D E 8 3 0 0 9 3 5 1 4 1 B E R C / R I - 7 7 / 1 9 45 C O N F - 7 5 0 2 6 7 - 1

COMPUTERIZED S I M U L A T I O N 4 D E 8 4 0 0 2 5 5 5

C O N C E N T R A T I O N ~ C O M P O S I T I O N ) 2 3 P B 8 2 - 1 3 0 2 9 5

CONSISTENCY 7 D E 8 4 0 0 2 0 0 2 10 P B 8 3 - 2 3 6 3 4 9 1 1 P B B 3 - 2 3 3 0 9 8 20 AD-A118 5 7 3 / 5 2 1 P B 8 2 - 2 3 6 2 5 8

CONSTRUCTION 12 D E 8 3 0 0 6 0 2 6 33 B E T C / R I - 7 9 / 1

CONSTRUCTION COSTS 50 P 8 - 2 4 2 4 6 1 / 2

CONTAMINANTS 4 7 P B - 2 5 7 6 9 3 / 2 50 AD-A012 0 7 4 / 1 59 P 8 - 2 3 1 2 7 7 / 5

CONTAMINATION 28 OOE/BC/30227-1

COST ANALYSIS 17 P B 8 3 - 1 0 2 4 3 4 4 3 P B - 2 7 2 2 6 7 / 6 57 P B - 2 3 4 446/3

COST EFFECTIVENESS 35 P B - 2 9 0 919/0

COST EFFECTIVENESS 4 9 AD-A015 030/0

COST ESTIMATES 50 P B - 2 4 2 4 6 1 / 2 51 P B - 2 4 3 222/7 54 PB-238 6 1 2 / 6 60 P B - 2 0 5 207

CRACKING PROCESS 5 4 P B - 2 3 8 612/6

CRANKCASES 1 4 AD-A123 097/8 4 4 AD-A045 330/8

CRUDE O I L 26 PB81-159899 3 8 P B - 2 8 7 568/0 50 A D - A 0 i 2 0 7 4 / 1

OATA A C Q U I S I T I O N 3 5 P B - 2 9 0 919/0

OATA COMPILATION 23 D E 8 1 0 2 9 4 5 8

DEMONSTRATION PLANTS 3 D E 8 4 0 0 1 4 4 8 5 D E 8 4 0 0 1 1 5 6

1 2 D E 8 3 0 0 6 0 2 6

OEMULSIF ICATION 2 0 O E 8 2 0 0 9 9 9 2

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE 2 A D - A 1 3 6 6 4 1 / 8

D I E S E L ENGINES 3 9 AD-A056 806/3 42 P B - 2 7 1 562/1 4 6 AO-AO34 180/0

D I E S E L FUELS 60 P B - 2 0 8 2 0 7

5-3

OISSOLUTION 36 B E T C / R I - 7 8 / 2 0

3 9 PATENT-4 0 7 3 7 2 4 0 PAT-APPL-734 83 4 5 C D N F - 7 5 0 2 6 7 - 1 4 8 B M - R I - 7 9 7 9 50 AD-A012 0 7 4 / 1 51 P B - 2 4 3 2 2 2 / 7 56 P B - 2 3 6 1 4 3 / 4 P B - 5 9 P B - 2 3 1 2 7 7 / 5

D I S T I L L A T I O N EQUIPMENT 36 B E T C / R I - 7 8 / 2 0

OUST CONTROL 38 P B - 2 8 7 568/0

ECONOMIC ANALYSIS 16 D E 8 2 0 1 4 5 5 4 18 O E 8 2 0 0 7 6 7 1 3 8 P B - 2 8 3 7 1 9 / 3 4 1 B E R C / R I - 7 7 / 1 1 4 1 B E R C / R I - 7 7 / 1 9 4 7 P B - 2 5 7 6 9 3 / 2 4 8 P B - 2 5 1 7 1 6 / 7 4 9 P B - 2 4 1 3 5 7 / 3 53 P B - 2 3 7 620/0 5 4 P B - 2 3 8 612/6

ECONOMIC FACTORS 58 P B - 2 2 9 801/6

EFFIC IENCY 19 D E 8 2 9 0 2 1 5 6

ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS 46 AD-A034 180/0

ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS 4 9 P B - 2 4 1 3 5 7 / 3

ENERGY CONSERVATION 2 4 PB8 1 - 9 7 0 7 19 26 PB8 1 - 1 5 9 8 9 9 3 3 P B - 2 9 9 9 5 1 / 4 3 4 A T R - 7 8 ( 7 3 8 4 ) - 1 4 2 P B - 2 7 1 562/1 4 9 AD-A015 0 3 0 / 0

ENERGY CONSUMPTION 4 8 P B - 2 5 1 7 1 6 / 7

ENERGY MANAGEMENT 4 9 AD-A015 0 3 0 / 0

ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS 19 D E 8 2 9 0 2 1 5 6

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 4 D E 8 4 0 0 2 5 5 5 12 D E 8 3 0 0 6 0 2 6 3 3 P B - 2 9 9 9 5 1 / 4 3 5 P B - 2 9 0 9 1 9 / 0 38 P B - 2 8 7 568/0 4 7 P B - 2 5 7 6 9 3 / 2

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 3 9 AD-A056 8 0 6 / 3

ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEYS 2 3 PB82- 1 3 0 2 9 5 26 P B 8 1 - 1 5 9 8 9 9 4 2 P B - 2 7 1 562/1

EVALUATION 20 AD-A118 573/5 2 2 D E 8 2 0 0 2 4 2 0 3 3 B E T C / R I - 7 9 / 1

3 8 P B - 2 8 7 568/0 45 CONF-750267-1

3 3 P B - 2 9 9 9 5 1 / 4

EXPERIMENTAL DATA 4 D E 8 4 0 0 2 5 5 5

s -4

EXPERIMENTAL DATA 6 D E 8 4 9 0 0 2 0 0 7 D E 8 4 0 0 2 0 0 2

1 1 D E 8 3 0 0 9 3 5 1 12 D E 8 3 0 0 6 0 2 6 18 D E 8 2 0 0 7 6 7 1 35 B E T C / R I - 7 9 / 5

EXTRACTION 4 1 B E R C / R I - 7 7 / 1 9

F E A S I B I L I T Y STUDIES 2 AD-A136 6 4 1 / 8

1 9 D E 8 2 9 0 2 1 5 6 29 DOE/BC/10044-8 4 6 AD-A034 180/0

FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 5 2 P B - 2 3 7 6 1 8 / 4 55 P B - 2 3 9 4 4 9 / 2

FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY 2 0 D E 8 2 0 0 9 9 9 2

F I L T R A T I O N 56 P B - 2 3 6 143 /4PB- 58 P B - 2 3 4 685/6

F I N A N C I A L DATA 16 D E 8 2 0 1 4 5 5 4

FLOWSHEETS 1 1 D E 8 3 0 0 9 3 5 1 12 D E 8 3 0 0 6 0 2 6

FLY ASH 6 D E 8 4 9 0 0 2 0 0

FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY 19 D E 8 2 9 0 2 1 5 6

FRACTIONATION 3 2 BETC-001-1

FUEL CONSUMPTION 4 6 AD-A034 180/0

FUEL CONSUMPTION 48 P B - 2 5 1 7 1 6 / 7

FUEL O I L 35 P 8 - 2 9 0 9 1 9 / 0 4 2 P B - 2 7 1 5 6 2 / 1 4 6 AD-A034 180/0 47 P B - 2 5 i 6 9 3 / 2 48 PB-251 7 1 6 / 7 50 PR-242 4 6 1 / 2 55 PB-239 4 4 9 / 2 56 ~ e - 2 3 6 1 4 3 1 4 ~ ~ -

FUEL O I L S ~ ..-- 33 P B - 2 9 9 9 5 1 / 4 4 4 PB-272 407,’s

FUEL SUBSTITUTES 4 9 P B - 2 4 1 3 5 7 / 3

GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY 5 AD-A135 926/4

32 B E T C - 0 0 1 - 1

GAS TURBINES 46 AD-A034 180/0

GASEOUS WASTES 12 D E 8 3 0 0 6 0 2 6

GASOLINE O I L S 42 PR-271 562/1

GERMANY(WEST) 55 P B - 2 3 9 4 4 9 / 2

GOVERNMENT P O L I C I E S 38 P B - 2 8 3 7 1 9 / 3 4 4 P B - 2 7 2 407/8 47 PB-257 693/2

GREAT B R I T A I N 55 P B - 2 3 9 4 4 9 / 2

GROUND DISPOSAL 4 D E 8 4 0 0 2 5 5 5

s-5

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 5 D E 8 4 0 0 1 1 5 6 8 P B 8 4 - 1 1 4 4 4 6

27 D D E / B C / 1 0 0 8 9 - 1 44 P B - 2 7 2 4 0 7 / 8

HAZARDOUS WASTES 4 3 P B - 2 7 2 267/6

HEAVY METALS 4 3 P B - 2 7 2 2 6 7 / 6

H I G H TEMPERATURE 1 1 D E 8 3 0 0 9 3 5 1

HUMAN POPULATIONS 22 D E 8 2 0 1 0 6 4 2

HYDRAULIC CONTROL DEVICES 1 COO-4074-3

HYDRAULIC F L U I D S 4 2 P B - 2 7 1 562/1

HYDROGENATION 7 D E 8 4 0 0 2 0 0 2

1 1 D E 8 3 0 0 9 3 5 1 51 P B - 2 4 3 2 2 2 / 7

I M P U R I T I E S 3 7 B E R C / R I - 7 8 - 1 1

I N C E N T I V E S 4 4 P B - 2 7 2 4 0 7 / 8

INCINERATORS 8 P B 8 4 - 1 1 4 4 4 6

INCINERATORS 50 PB-242 4 6 1 / 2 5 5 P B - 2 3 9 4 4 9 / 2

I N D U S T R I A L WASTE TREATMENT 43 P B - 2 7 2 2 6 7 / 6 54 PB-238 612/6

I N D U S T R I A L WASTES 8 PBB4-1 1 4 4 4 6

5 4 P B - 2 3 8 612/6 55 P B - 2 3 9 449/2 56 PB-236 1 4 3 / 4 P B - 57 PB-234 4 4 6 / 3

INFORMATION DISSEMINATION 23 D E 8 1 0 2 9 4 5 8

INVENTORIES 57 PB-234 446/3 58 P 8 - 2 2 9 801/6

INVESTMENTS 38 P B - 2 8 3 7 1 9 / 3

ISOLATED VALUES 3 5 B E T C / R I - 7 9 / 5

JUNEAU(ALASKA) 38 P B - 2 8 7 5 6 8 / 0

KELLY A I R FORCE BASE 56 AD-779 723/6

K I N E M A T I C S 4 4 AD-A045 330/8

LAW(JURISPRU0ENCE) 58 P B - 2 2 9 801/6

5 - 6

L E G I S L A T I O N 3 8 P B - 2 8 3 7 1 9 / 3 4 4 P B - 2 7 2 407,’s 4 7 P B - 2 5 7 6 9 3 / 2 55 P B - 2 3 9 4 4 9 / 2

L I Q U I D CHROMATOGRAPHY 5 AD-A135 9 2 6 / 4

L I Q U I D WASTE DISPOSAL 3 5 P B - 2 9 0 919/0 3 7 B E R C / R I - 7 8 - 1 1 3 8 P B - 2 8 3 7 1 9 / 3 38 3 9 4 0 4 1 4 3 4 4 4 6 4 8 4 9 4 9 50 51 52 52 5 3 5 3 55 56 56 5 7

58 59 60

sa

P B - 2 8 7 568/0 AD-A056 8 0 6 / 3 0 0 E / C S - 0 0 1 5 B E R C / R I - 7 7 / 1 1 P B - 2 7 2 2 6 7 / 6 P B - 2 7 2 4 0 7 / 8 B E R C / R I - 7 6 / 1 1 PB-251 7 1 6 / 7 AD-A015 0 3 0 / 0 P B - 2 4 1 3 5 7 / 3 P B - 2 4 2 4 6 1 / 2 V B - 2 4 3 2 2 2 / 7 PB-237 6 1 8 / 4 P B - 2 3 7 619/2 P B - 2 3 7 620/0 P B - 2 3 8 1 2 4 / 2 P B - 2 3 9 4 4 9 / 2 b o - 7 7 9 7 2 3 / 6 P B - 2 3 6 1 4 3 / 4 P B - P 8 - 2 3 4 4 4 6 / 3 P B - 2 2 9 801/6 P B - 2 3 4 685/6 PB-217 9 3 3 PB-205 207

L I Q U I D WASTES 3 D E 8 4 0 0 1 4 4 8 8 P 8 8 4 - 1 1 4 4 4 6 9 P 8 8 3 - 2 3 6 3 3 1 10 P B 8 3 - 2 3 6 3 4 9 1 1 P B 8 3 - 2 3 3 0 9 8

L I Q U I D 21 2 3 2 7 3 0 3 1 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 5 36 3 6 3 9 4 0 4 2 4 3 4 6 4 8

WASTES P 8 8 2 - 2 3 6 2 5 8 P B 8 2 - 1 3 0 2 9 5 P B 8 1 - 1 3 6 1 7 8 B E T C / R I - 7 9 / 1 4 B E T C / I C - 7 9 / 4 B E T C / R I - 7 9 / 1 PB-299 9 5 1 / 4 A T R - 7 8 ( 7 3 8 4 ) - 1 B E T C / R I - 7 9 / 5 B E T C / R I - 7 8 / 2 0 PATENT-4 0 7 3 7 1 PATENT-4 0 7 3 7 2 PAT-APPL-734 8 3 P B - 2 7 1 562/1 B E R C / R I - 7 7 / 3 AD-A034 180/0 E M - R I - 7 9 7 9

LOCAL GOVERNMENT 5 D E 8 4 0 0 1 1 5 6

3 8 P B - 2 8 3 7 1 9 / 3

L O G I S T I C S MANAGEMENT 2 A D - A i 3 6 6 4 1 / 8

LOW PRESSURE 3 7 B E R C / R I - 7 8 - 1 1

LUBRICANT A D D I T I V E S 50 AD-A012 0 7 4 / 1 5 3 P B - 2 3 6 1 2 4 / 2 60 P B - 2 0 5 2 0 7

LUBRICANTS 2 8 D O E / B C / 3 0 2 2 7 - 1 3 5 P B - 2 9 0 919/0 3 8 P B - 2 8 7 568/0 4 7 P B - 2 5 7 6 9 3 / 2 4 9 AD-AOl5 0 3 0 / 0 56 AD-779 7 2 3 / 6

LUBRICATING O I L 15 P B 8 3 - 1 3 9 2 6 1

5 - 7

LUBRICATING O I L 5 1 1 2 3 4 5 5 6 7 8 9

10 1 1 1 1 12 13 15 16 17 18 20 20 21 22 22 2 3 2 4 25 2 5 26 2 7 2 7 28 29 3 0 3 0 3 1 31 32 33 3 3 3 4 35

COO-4074-3 D E 8 4 0 0 3 1 4 5 AD-A136 6 4 1 / 8 D E 8 4 0 0 1 4 4 8 D E 8 4 0 0 2 5 5 5 AD-A135 9 2 6 / 4 D E 8 4 0 0 1 1 5 6 D E 8 4 9 0 0 2 0 0 D E 8 4 0 0 2 0 0 2 P B 8 4 - 1 1 4 4 4 6 P B 8 3 - 2 3 6 3 3 1 P 8 8 3 - 2 3 6 3 4 9 D E 8 3 0 0 9 3 5 1 P 8 8 3 - 2 3 3 0 9 8 D E 8 3 0 0 6 0 2 6 D E 8 3 0 0 1 4 3 9 P 8 8 3 - 1 3 5 1 2 9 P B 8 3 - 1 3 5 3 0 1 P B 8 3 - 1 0 2 4 3 4 D E 8 2 0 0 7 6 7 1 AD-A118 5 7 3 / 5 D E 8 2 0 0 9 9 9 2 P 8 8 2 - 2 3 6 2 5 8 D E 8 2 0 0 2 4 2 0 D E 8 2 0 1 0 6 4 2 P 8 8 2 - 1 3 0 2 9 5 P 8 8 1 - 9 7 0 7 1 9 P 8 8 1 - 1 6 4 9 0 7 P B 8 1 - 1 8 6 0 1 7 P B 8 1 - 1 5 9 8 9 9 D O E / B C / 1 0 0 8 9 - 1 P 8 8 1 - 1 3 6 1 7 8 DOE/BC/30227-1 DOE/BC/ iOO44-8 B E T C / R I - 7 9 / 1 4 D O E / B C / 1 0 0 0 8 - 9 B E T C - 4 3 4 3 - 1 B E T C / I C - 7 9 / 4 B E T C - 0 0 1 - 1 B E T C / R I - P B / l P B - 2 9 9 9 5 1 / 4 A T R - 7 8 ( 7 3 8 4 ) - 1 B E T C / R I - 7 9 / 5

LUBRICA l 35 ~. 3 6 3 6 3 7 38 38 39 39 4 0 4 0 4 1 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 6 46 48 48 49 50 50 51 52 52 53 53 5 4 55 56 56 5 7 58

59 59 60

58

- I N G OILS

AD-A056 806/3 PATENT-4 0 7 3 7 2 DOE/CS-0015 PAT-APPL-734 83 B E R C / R I - 7 7 / 1 1 '

B E R C / R I - 7 7 / 1 9 P B - 2 7 1 562/1 S E R C / R I - 7 7 / 3 P B - 2 7 2 2 6 7 / 6 AD-A045 330/8 P 8 - 2 7 2 4 0 7 / 8 CDNF-750267-1 AD-A034 180/0 B E R C / R I - 7 6 / 1 1 B M - R I - 7 9 7 9 P B - 2 5 1 7 1 6 / 7 P B - 2 4 1 3 5 7 / 3 AD-A012 0 7 4 / 1 P B - 2 4 2 4 6 1 / 2 PB-243 2 2 2 / 7 P 8 - 2 3 7 6 1 8 / 4 P B - 2 3 7 619/2 PB-237 620/0 P B - 2 3 8 1 2 4 / 2 P 8 - 2 3 8 612/6 P B - 2 3 9 4 4 9 / 2 AD-779 7 2 3 / 6 PB-236 1 4 3 / 4 P 8 - PB-234 4 4 6 / 3 P 8 - 2 2 9 801/6 P 8 - 2 3 4 685/6 PB-217 9 3 3 PB-231 2 7 7 / 5 P B - 2 0 5 2 0 7

MANAGEMENT 14 AD-A123 0 9 7 / 8

5-8

\

MANAGEMENT 4 3 P B - 2 7 2 2 6 7 / 6 56 AD-779 7 2 3 / 6

MARINE ENGINES 46 AD-A034 180/0

MASS SPECTROSCOPY 43 B E R C / R I - l 7 / 3

8 19 25 30 33 3 6 3 7 3 8 39 40 40 4 1 42 43 4 4 4 5 46 48 50 51 52 52 5 3 53 56 5 7 58 59 59 60

MATERIALS RECOVERY P B 8 4 - 1 1 4 4 4 6 D E 8 2 9 0 2 1 5 6 P B 8 1 - 1 8 6 0 1 7 DOE/BC/10008-9 P B - 2 9 9 951/4 PATENT-4 073 7 1 B E R C / R I - 7 8 - 1 1 P B - 2 8 3 7 1 9 / 3 PATENT-4 0 7 3 7 2 DDE/CS-0015 PAT-APPL-734 83 B E R C / R I - 7 7 / 1 1 P B - 2 7 1 562/1 P B - 2 7 2 267/6 P E - 2 7 2 4 0 7 / 8 CONF-750267-1 B E R C / R I - 7 6 / 1 1 P B - 2 5 1 7 1 6 / 7 P B - 2 4 2 461/2 P B - 2 4 3 222/7 P B - 2 3 7 6 1 8 / 4 P B - 2 3 7 6 1 9 / 2 P B - 2 3 7 620/0 P B - 2 3 8 1 2 4 / 2 P B - 2 3 6 143 /4PE- P B - 2 3 4 446/3 P B - 2 2 9 801/6 P B - 2 1 7 933 P B - 2 3 1 2 7 7 / 5 P B - 2 0 5 207

MATHEMATICAL MODELS 57 P B - 2 3 4 4 4 6 / 3

MEDIUM PRESSURE 1 1 D E 8 3 0 0 9 3 5 1

METHYL ETHYL KETDNE 3 6 BETC/RI -PB/ZO

M I L I T A R Y APPLICATIONS 2 AD-A136 6 4 1 / 8

M I L I T A R Y F A C I L I T I E S 4 9 AD-A015 030/0

53 P B - 2 3 7 620/0

MOLECULAR STRUCTURE 1 1 P B 8 3 - 2 3 3 0 9 8

MOLYBDENUM OXIDES 1 1 D E 8 3 0 0 9 3 5 1

NAPHTHALENES 5 0 AD-A012 0 7 4 / 1

NATIONAL GOVERNMENT 4 4 PB-272 4 0 7 / 8

NETHERLANDS 55 P B - 2 3 9 4 4 9 / 2

NEUTRDN ACTIVATION ANALYSIS 9 P E 8 3 - 2 3 6 3 3 1

N ICKEL OXIDES 1 1 D E 8 3 0 0 9 3 5 1

NMR SPECTRA 32 BETC-001-1

NORTH CAROLINA 25 P B 8 1 - 1 8 6 0 1 7

5-9

NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 3 2 BETC-001-1

O I L POLLUTION 3 8 P B - 2 8 7 5 6 8 / 0 4 6 AD-A034 1 8 0 / 0 4 7 P B - 2 5 7 6 9 3 / 2 4 9 AD-A015 0 3 0 / 0 4 9 P B - 2 4 1 3 5 7 / 3 56 P B - 2 3 6 1 4 3 / 4 P 8 -

O I L POLLUTION ABATEMENT 3 8 P B - 2 8 7 5 6 8 / 0

O I L STORAGE 5 0 P B - 2 4 2 4 6 1 / 2 5 4 P B - 2 3 8 6 1 2 / 6

O I L WASTES 14 A D - A i 2 3 0 9 7 / 8 17 P 8 8 3 - 1 0 2 4 3 4 3 5 P B - 2 9 0 9 1 9 / 0 3 7 B E R C / R I - 7 8 - 1 1 3 8 P B - 2 8 3 7 1 9 / 3 3 8 P B - 2 8 7 5 6 8 / 0 3 9 AD-A056 8 0 6 / 3 4 0 DOE/CS-0015 4 1 B E R C / R I - 7 7 / 1 1 4 2 P B - 2 7 1 562/1 4 3 B E R C / R I - 7 7 / 3 4 3 P 8 - 2 7 2 2 6 7 / 6 4 4 P B - 2 7 2 4 0 7 / 8 46 B E R C / R I - 7 6 / 1 1 4 7 P B - 2 5 7 6 9 3 / 2 4 8 P B - 2 5 1 7 1 6 / 7 4 9 AD-A015 0 3 0 / 0 50 P B - 2 4 2 4 6 1 / 2 5 1 P B - 2 4 3 2 2 2 / 7 52 P B - 2 3 7 6181’4 5 2 PB-237 619/2 5 3 P B - 2 3 7 6 2 0 / 0 5 3 P B - 2 3 8 1 2 4 / 2 5 5 P B - 2 3 9 4 4 9 / 2 5 6 AD-779 7 2 3 / 6

O I L WASTES 5 6 P B - 2 3 6 1 4 3 / 4 P B - 5 7 P 8 - 2 3 4 4 4 6 / 3 5 8 P B - 2 2 9 801/6 58 P B - 2 3 4 6 8 5 / 6 5 9 PE-217 9 3 3

OPERAT 3

3 1

I N G COST D E 8 4 0 0 1 4 4 8 B E T C - 4 3 4 3 - 1

OPERATING COSTS 3 8 P B - 2 8 3 7 1 9 / 3 5 0 P B - 2 4 2 4 6 1 / 2 5 4 PB-238 6 1 2 / 6

O P T I M I Z A T I D N 3 7 B E R C / R I - 7 8 - 1 1

ORGANIC CHLORINE COMPOUNDS 4 D E 8 4 0 0 2 5 5 5

ORGANIC NITROGEN COMPOUNDS 4 D E 8 4 0 0 2 5 5 5

ORGANIC SOLVENTS 4 5 CONF-750267-1

PATENT APPLICATIONS 4 0 PAT-APPL-734 8 3

PATH OF POLLUTANTS 4 D E 8 4 0 0 2 5 5 5

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION 17 P B 8 3 - 1 0 2 4 3 4 2 5 P B 8 1 - 1 6 4 9 0 7 2 7 P B 8 1 - 1 3 6 1 7 8 4 2 P 8 - 2 7 1 562/1 5 3 P B - 2 3 7 620/0

PERFORMANCE STANDARDS 5 4 P B - 2 3 8 612/6

PERFORMANCE TESTS 4 8 P B - 2 5 1 7 1 6 / 7

s - 1 0

PERFORMANCE(ENGINEER1NG) 20 AD-A118 5 7 3 / 5

PERMIT APPLICATIONS 5 D E 8 4 0 0 1 1 5 6

PETROCHEMICAL PLANTS 13 D E 8 3 0 0 1 4 8 2

PETROLEUM D I S T I L L A T E S 3 2 E E T C - 0 0 1 - 1

PETROLEUM INDUSTRY 4 0 PAT-APPL-734 83

PETROLEUM PRODUCTS 15 P E 8 3 - 1 3 9 2 6 1 26 P 8 8 1 - 1 5 9 8 9 9 4 1 E E R C / R I - 7 7 / 1 9 4 2 P B - 2 7 1 562/1 4 4 P E - 2 7 2 4 0 7 / 8 4 9 AD-A015 030 /0 5 4 P E - 2 3 8 612/6

PETROLEUM REFINERIES 5 D E 8 4 0 0 1 1 5 6 12 D E 8 3 0 0 6 0 2 6 2 9 DDE/BC/10044-8 3 0 DOE/EC/10008-9

PH VALUE 2 7 DDE/EC/10089-1

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 7 D E 8 4 0 0 2 0 0 2

1 1 P E 8 3 - 2 3 3 0 9 6 18 D E 8 2 0 0 7 6 7 1 25 PE8 1 - 1 6 4 9 0 7 35 P E - 2 9 0 9 1 9 / 0 4 7 P E - 2 5 7 6 9 3 / 2 4 8 E M - R I - 7 9 7 9 50 AD-A012 0 7 4 / 1 53 P E - 2 3 8 124/2 5 9 P B - 2 3 1 2 7 7 / 5

P I L O T PLANTS 19 D E 8 2 9 0 2 1 5 6

POLLUTANTS 3 9 AD-A056 806/3

POLLUTION ABATEMENT 4 6 AD-A034 180/0

POLYSILDXANES 50 AD-A012 0 7 4 / 1

P R E C I P I T A T I O N 3 1 E E T C - 4 3 4 3 - 1 4 5 C O N F - 7 5 0 2 6 7 - 1

PRODUCTION . . . . . -. . 3 D E E 4 0 0 1 4 4 8

1 4 , AD-A123 0 9 7 / 8 36 PATENT-4 0 7 3 7 1 3 7 E E R C / R I - 7 8 - 1 1 50 AD-A012 0 7 4 / 1

PUGLIC HEALTH 3 5 P E - 2 9 0 9 1 9 / 0

P U B L I C O P I N I O N 52 P B - 2 3 7 619/2

P U R I F I C A T I O N ~ .~ ... 5 D E 8 4 0 0 1 1 5 6 6 D E 8 4 9 0 0 2 0 0 39 PATENT-4 0 7 3 7 2 4 5 C O N F - 7 5 0 2 6 7 - 1 56 P B - 2 3 6 1 4 3 / 4 P E - 58 P 8 - 2 3 4 685/6 5 9 P E - 2 3 1 2 7 7 / 5

QUALITY ASSURANCE 1 9 D E 8 2 9 0 2 1 5 6 4 2 P E - 2 7 1 562/1

QUALITY CONTROL 4 8 E M - R I - 7 9 7 9

5 - 1 1

QUALITY CONTROL 4 8 P B - 2 5 1 7 1 6 / 7 53 P B - 2 3 7 620/0 58 P B - 2 3 4 685/6

QUESTIDNNAIRES 52 P B - 2 3 7 6 1 9 / 2

QUESTIONNARIES 5 7 P B - 2 3 4 4 4 6 / 3

RECIRCULATION 8 P B 8 4 - 1 1 4 4 4 6

21 PB82-236258 25 P B 8 1 - 1 6 4 9 0 7 26 P B 8 1 - 1 5 9 8 9 9

RECOMMENDATIONS 5 D E 8 4 0 0 1 1 5 6

38 P B - 2 8 7 568/0

RECYCLED MATERIALS 2 AD-A136 641/8

20 AD-A118 5 7 3 / 5 21 P B 8 2 - 2 3 6 2 5 8 26 P B 8 1 - 1 5 9 8 9 9 27 P B 8 1 - 1 3 6 1 7 8 33 P B - 2 9 9 9 5 1 / 4 39 AD-A056 806/ '3 4 4 AD-A045 330/8 49 AD-A015 030/0

R E F I N E R I E S 50 P B - 2 4 2 4611'2 54 P B - 2 3 8 612/6

REFUSE DERIVED FUELS 8 P B 8 4 - 1 1 4 4 4 6

16 P B 8 3 - 1 3 5 3 0 1 26 P B B I - 1 5 9 8 9 9

REFUSE DISPOSAL 51 P B - 2 4 3 2 2 2 / 7

REGENERATIDN(ENGINEER1NG) 59 P B - 2 3 1 277/5

REGIONAL ANALYSIS 23 D E 8 1 0 2 9 4 5 8

REGULATIONS 12 D E 8 3 0 0 6 0 2 6 1 4 AD-A123 0 9 7 / 8 2 0 D E 8 2 0 0 9 9 9 2 26 P B 8 1 - 1 5 9 8 9 9 3 1 B E T C / I C - 7 9 / 1 4 7 P B - 2 5 7 693/2 4 9 P B - 2 4 1 3 5 7 / 3 52 P B - 2 3 7 6 1 8 / 4 55 P B - 2 3 9 4 4 9 / 2

RESEARCH PROGRAMS 13 D E 8 3 0 0 1 4 8 2

R E S I D E N T I A L SECTOR 2 3 D E 8 1 0 2 9 4 5 8

RESOURCE CONSERVATION 22 D E 8 2 0 1 0 6 4 2

RESOURCE RECOVERY F A C I L I T I E S 8 P B 8 4 - 1 1 4 4 4 6

RUBBER INDUSTRY 16 D E 8 2 0 1 4 5 5 4

SANITARY L A N D F I L L S 4 7 QB-257 6 9 3 / 2

S C I E N T I F I C RESEARCH 52 P B - 2 3 7 6 1 8 / 4

SECONDARY MATERIALS INDUSTRY 38 P B - 2 8 3 719/3

SEPARATION PROCESSES 40 PAT-APPL-734 83 4 1 B E R C / R I - 7 7 / 1 9

S I L I C A GEL 4 3 B E R C / R I - 7 7 / 3

5-12

S I T E SELECTION 29 DOE/BC/10044-8

SLUDGE DISPOSAL 38 P B - 2 8 3 7 1 9 / 3 4 3 P B - 2 7 2 267/6 54 P B - 2 3 8 612/6

SOLI

4 4 P B - 2 7 2 407/8 4 7 P B - 2 5 7 693/2 52 P B - 2 3 7 6 1 9 / 2 5 5 P B - 2 3 9 4 4 9 / 2

S D L I D WASTES 5 D E 8 4 0 0 1 1 5 6

SOLVENT 7

30 3 7 4 1 46 48 50 56 5 9

SOLVENT 36

EXTRACTION D E 8 4 0 0 2 0 0 2 DOE/BC/10008-9 B E R C / R I - 7 8 - 1 1 B E R C / R I - 7 7 / 1 9 B E R C / R I - 7 6 / 1 1 B M - R I - 7 9 7 9 P B - 2 4 2 461/2 P B - 2 3 6 1 4 3 / 4 P B - P B - 2 3 1 2 7 7 / 5

PROPERTIES B E T C / R I - 7 8 / 2 0

SORPTIVE PROPERTIES 6 D E 8 4 9 0 0 2 0 0

SPARK I G N I T I O N ENGINES 20 A D - A i 1 8 573/5

S P E C I F I C A T I O N S 30 OOE/BC/10008-9

S P E C I F I C A T I O N S 39 AD-A056 8 0 6 / 3

STATE GOVERNMENT 5 D E 8 4 0 0 1 1 5 6 38 P B - 2 8 3 719/3 5 5 P B - 2 3 9 449/2

S T A T I S T I C A L DATA I D E 8 4 0 0 2 0 0 2

SUBSTITUTES 8 P B 8 4 - 1 1 4 4 4 6 16 P E 8 3 - 1 3 5 3 0 1

SULFONIC ACIDS 50 AD-A012 0 7 4 / 1

SULFURIC A C I D 38 P B - 2 8 3 719/3 4 1 B E R C / R I - 7 7 / 1 9

SUPPLY AN0 DEMAND 13 D E 8 3 0 0 1 4 3 9 31 B E T C / I C - 7 9 / 4

SYNTHESIS(CHEM1STRY) 5 0 AD-A012 0 7 4 / 1

TABLES(DATA1 14 A D - A I 2 3 0 9 7 / 8 38 P B - 2 8 7 568/0 52 P B - 2 3 7 619/2

TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT 35 P B - 2 9 0 9 1 9 / 0

TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE 35 B E T C / R I - 7 9 / 5 46 B E R C / R I - 7 6 / 1 1

TEST AND EVALUATION 20 A O - A i 1 8 5 7 3 / 5

TEST METHODS 44 AD-A045 330/8

s-13

THEDRETICAL DATA 4 D E 8 4 0 0 2 5 5 5

TOXICOLOGY 38 P B - 2 8 7 568/0

TRACE ELEMENTS 4 7 P B - 2 5 7 6 9 3 / 2 53 P B - 2 3 8 1 2 4 / 2

TRACKED VEHICLES 1 4 AD-A123 0 9 7 / 8

TRANSLATIONS 50 AD-A012 0 7 4 / 1

ULTRAFILTRATION 20 D E 8 2 0 0 9 9 9 2

UNITED STATES 55 P B - 2 3 9 4 4 9 / 2

U T I L I Z A T I D N 16 P 8 8 3 - 1 3 5 3 0 1 18 D E 8 2 0 0 7 6 7 1 27 DDE/BC/10089-1 33 P B - 2 9 9 9 5 1 / 4 3 4 A T R - 7 8 ( 7 3 8 4 ) - 1 38 P 8 - 2 8 7 568/0 42 P B - 2 7 1 562/1

VACUUM D I S T I L L A T I O N 18 D E 8 2 0 0 7 6 7 1 51 P B - 2 4 3 2 2 2 / 7 60 P B - 2 0 5 2 0 7

V ISCOSITY CDNTRDL AGENTS 50 AD-A012 0 7 4 / 1

V ISCOSITY INDEX 4 4 AD-A045 330/8

WASTE DISPOSAL 4 D E 8 4 0 0 2 5 5 5

WASTE DISPOSAL 13 D E 8 3 0 0 1 4 3 9 23 D E 8 1 0 2 9 4 5 8 4 9 AD-A015 030/0 50 P B - 2 4 2 4 6 1 / 2 51 P B - 2 4 3 2 2 2 / 7 56 AD-779 723/6 56 P B - 2 3 6 1 4 3 / 4 P 8 - 58 P B - 2 2 9 801/6 60 P 8 - 2 0 5 207

WASTE MANAGEMENT 4 D E 8 4 0 0 2 5 5 5

1 4 AD-A123 097/8 16 D E 8 2 0 1 4 5 5 4 4 1 B E R C / R I - 7 7 / 1 9

3 4 5 6 7

1 1 1 2 1 3 13 16 19 20 22 22 23 2 4 2 7 28 29 30 30 3 1 3 1 3 3 33

WASTE O I L S 1 COD-4074-3

D E 8 4 0 0 1 4 4 8 D E 8 4 0 0 2 5 5 5 D E 8 4 0 0 1 1 5 6 D E 8 4 9 0 0 2 0 0 D E 8 4 0 0 2 0 0 2 D E 8 3 0 0 9 3 5 1 D E 8 3 0 0 6 0 2 6 D E 8 3 0 0 1 4 3 9 D E 8 3 0 0 1 4 8 2 D E 8 2 0 1 4 5 5 4 D E 8 2 9 0 2 1 5 6 D E 8 2 0 0 9 9 9 2 D E 8 2 0 0 2 4 2 0 D E 8 2 0 1 0 6 4 2 D E 8 1 0 2 9 4 5 8 P 8 8 1 - 9 7 0 7 1 9 DDE/BC/10089-1 DOE/BC/30227-1 DDE/BC/10044-8 B E T C / R I - 7 9 / 1 4 DDE/BC/10008-9 BETC-4343-1 B E T C / I C - 7 9 / 4 B E T C / R I - 7 9 / 1 PB-299 9 5 1 / 4

5 - 1 4

WASTE 01 3 4 3 5 3 5 3 6 3 6 3 7 39 4 0 4 1 4 1 4 5 4 6

i L S A T R - 7 8 ( 7 3 8 4 ) - 1 B E T C / R I - 7 9 / 5

B E T C / R I - 7 8 / 2 0 PATENT-4 073 71 B E R C / R I - 7 8 - 1 1 PATENT-4 0 7 3 7 2 OOE/CS-0015 B E R C / R I - 7 7 / 1 1 B E R C / R I - 7 7 / 1 9 CONF-750267-1 B E R C / R I - 7 6 / 1 1

P B - 2 9 0 919/0

WASTE PRODUCT U T I L I Z A T I O N 18 D E 8 2 0 0 7 6 7 1 2 7 OOE/BC/10089-1 3 4 A T R - 7 8 ( 7 3 8 4 ) - 1

WASTE TREATMENT 56 PB-236 1 4 3 / 4 P B -

WASTE U T I L I Z A T I O N 3 OEQ400144Q 4 D E 8 4 0 0 2 5 5 5

1 1 P B 8 3 - 2 3 3 0 9 8

WASTE WATER 5 D E 8 4 0 0 1 1 5 6 12 D E 8 3 0 0 6 0 2 6

WASTES( IN0USTRIAL) 4 9 AD-A015 030/0

WATER POLLLUTION ABATEMEN1 38 P B - 2 8 3 7 1 9 / 3

WATER POLLUTION 4 3 P B - 2 7 2 267/6 49 P B - 2 4 1 3 5 7 / 3 54 P B - 2 3 8 612/6 55 P B - 2 3 9 4 4 9 / 2 59 P B - 2 1 7 933

WATER POLLUTION 59 PB-217

WATER POLLUTION 4 7 PB-257 4 9 P B - 2 4 1 54 PB-238 55 PB-239

WATER POLLUTION 5 4 P B - 2 3 8

ABATEMENT 933

CONTROL 693/2 357/3 6 12/6 4 4 9 / 2

STANDARDS 6 1 2 / 6

WATER QUALITY 5 OEU4001156

WATER REMOVAL 6 D E 8 4 9 0 0 2 0 0

WATER TREATMENT 12 O E 8 3 0 0 6 0 2 6

Z I N C OXIDES 16 D E 8 2 0 1 4 5 5 4

WATER POLLUTION ABATEMENT 38 P B - 2 8 7 568/0

5-15