U.S. Commemorative Stamps of American Writers Exhibit

8/3/2019 U.S. Commemorative Stamps of American Writers Exhibit

1/19

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pac{w~ mjk ja|{mbfnl knmbcl{ vawh|* Wnbc~ gcfmjvwn{njf daw {ecKmnb~ Njknmjmpabn|Oaswjmbnj=56>* \aic ad en| jatcb| njlbskc Bn{{bc Awpemj

Mjjnc mjk [ec Wmffck~ Imj* En| labbcl{najad paci|We~ic| ad Lenbkeaak gwasfe{ enidmic* Ec laj{wngs{ck m |cj|c ad inkvc|{cwj

lenbkeaak bndc nj Micwnlm* Ec hcp{ vwn{njfsj{nb en| wnfe{ mwi gclmic pmwmb~zck aj Osb~=0" =>=0 ksc {a |{wahc* Wnbc~ knck nj =>=4 m{{ec mfc ad 44* [ec Omic| Ven{laig Wnbc~Ea|pn{mb daw Lenbkwcj apcjck nj =>7; njNjknmjmpabn|" Njknmjm*


2/19

Oaej Fwccjbcmd Ven{{ncw vm| mj Micwnlmj ]smhcwpac{ gawj nj Emtcwenbb" Im||mles|c{{| nj =506*Hjavj m| ajc ad {ec Dnwc|nkc Pac{|" Ven{{ncw vm|

m |{wajf mktalm{c daw {ec mgabn{naj ad |bmtcw~* [ec Hmj|m|Ln{~ \{mw mjjasjlck en| kcm{e g~ |{m{njf Dwcckai|Pac{ m{ Wc|{* Ajc ad en| ia|{ dmias| vawh|" \jav

Gasjk %=544." vm| m bajf jmwwm{ntc paci {em{ {a ah pbmlcm{ {ec Oaej Fwccjbcmd Ven{{ncw Eaic|{cmk nj Emtcwenbb"Im||mles|c{{|* Ven{{ncw wclcntck =0"000 kabbmw| daw {ecw|{ ckn{naj ad {en| paci* Md{cw {ec Lntnb Vmw" ec wclcntckmj eajawmw~ kcfwcc dwai Emwtmwk Labbcfc* Ven{{ncwknck nj =5>7" en| fwmtc lmj gc tn|n{ck nj Mic|gsw~"Im||mles|c{{|* Ven{{ncw n| }sa{ck {a emtc |mnk Daw mbb|mk vawk| ad {ajfsc aw pcj" {ec |mkkc|{ mwc {ec|c" n{

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Wmbpe Vmbka Cicw|aj vm| gawj aj Im~ 73" =5005 nj Cm{aj{aj" Fcawfnm* Ec vm| mj Micwnlmjoaswjmbn|{ mjk l{naj vwn{cw* Ec n| gc|{ hjavj daw en||{awnc| mgas{ Sjlbc Wcis|" m l{najmb lemwml{cw vea vm|m |bmtc* Emwwn| mb|a wclawkck |{awnc| dcm{swnjf {ec GwcwWmggn{ dwai Mdwnlmj Micwnlmj awmb {wmkn{naj* [ec|c |{awnc|wctabs{najnzck lenbkwcj| bn{cwm{swc* V*M* Wamle kc|nfjck{en| |{mip mjk n{ n| ajc ad {ec |ctcj |{mip| n||sck gc{vccj=>;6 mjk =>30 {em{ inwwaw {ec kc|nfj ad {ec awnfnjmb =>;0|n||sc*

Ckfmw Mbbmj Pac emk m hjmlh daw vwn{njf mgas{ {ec|{wmjfc* N{ n| ja |swpwn|c {ecj {em{ vecj {ec w|{Pac |{mip vm| n||sck" n{ vm| aj {ec mjjntcw|mw~

ad en| kcm{e" wm{ecw {emj en| gnw{e* [ec |{~bc im~ mppcmw|ninbmw {a {ec laiiciawm{ntc labbcl{naj ad bn{cwmw~ |{mip|n||sck pwnaw {a Pac|* [em{ n| gclms|c Pac vm| awnfnjmbb~laj|nkcwck {a gc m pmw{ ad {em{ labbcl{naj" gs{ vm| {swjckkavj ksc {a en| wm{ecw in|lenctas| bndc* Nj {ec cjk Pac|fwcm{ laj{wngs{naj| {a bn{cwm{swc vaj {ec im||c| atcw mjk{ec |{mip vm| wcbcm|ck aj Al{agcw 6" =>;>*

Vnbbnmi \emhc|pcmwc n| m vawbk)wcjavjck Cjfbn|epac{ mjk pbm~vwnfe{ gawj nj =34;* Ec n| hjavjdaw |sle lbm||nl pbm~| m|Emibc{" Hnjf Bcmw" Waica

mjk Osbnc{mjk Imlgc{e" mbajf vn{e en| dmias| |ajjc{|*Ia|{ ad en| vawh vm| pw akslck gc{vccj =35> mjk =4=5 mjk imj~ ad\emhc|pcmwc| pbm~| vcwc pcwdawick {ecwc* \emhc|pcmwcvm| mb|a mj ml{aw mjk pcwdawick m| m icigcw ad Bawk

Lemigcwbmnj| Icj* [ec awnfnjmb Fbagc [ecm{wc gswjcknj =4=< vecj m lmjjaj vm| wck kswnjf m pcwdawimjlcadEcjw~ TNNN* \emhc|pcmwc knck nj =4=4 nj Vmwvnlh|enwc"Cjfbmjk" en| gnw{epbmlc* [en| |{mip vm| wcbcm|ck ajMsfs|{ =;" =>4; laiiciawm{njf {ec ;00{e mjjntcw|mw~ aden| gnw{e*


4/19

Cwjnc P~bc vm| gawj aj Msfs|{ 67m| pmw{ ad {ec dabhbawc |cwnc|* [ec nimfc aj {ec |{mipkcpnl{| [ai \mv~cw ven{c vm|enjf m dcjlc" m psjn|eicj{dwai en| Msj{ Pabb~* [ec labbcl{naj ad {a~| n| {ec baa{ {em{[ai ml}snwck g~ {wnlhnjf a{ecw| {a ka {ec leawc daw eni*

Csfcjc AJcnbb vm| mj Micwnlmj pbm~vwnfe{ vea|c|{wsffbc| m| m lenbk fwavnjf sp nj m {ecm{cw dminb~dscbck en| vwn{njf vn{e m enfe |cj|c ad kwmim*

AJcnbb vm| gawj nj Jcv ^awh Ln{~ nj m ea{cb gckwaaiaj Al{agcw =4" =555*Gc~ajk {ec Eawnzaj" pcwdawick njDcgwsmw~ ad =>70" gwasfe{ AJcnbb en| w|{ Psbn{zcw Pwnzcnj Kwmim* Ec vasbk fa aj {a vnj {ewcc iawc Psbn{zcw|dawMjjm Lewn|{nc %=>77." \{wmjfc Nj{cwbskc %=>75. mjkBajf

Km~| Oaswjc~ nj{a Jnfe{%=>34.* Nj =>


5/19

Oaej Wagnj|aj Ocddcw| vm| mj Micwnlmj pac{* En|ia|{ laiiajb~ wcicigcwck paci| lcbcgwm{ckLmbndawjnm lam|{mb |lcjcw~ vecwc ec mjk en| vndc

iatck nj =>=4* Ocddcw| vm| gawj aj Omjsmw~ =0" =556nj Mbbcfecj~" Pm* En| lenbkeaak {wmtcb| nj Cswapc imkceni vcbb tcw|ck nj Fwcch mjk Bm{nj* En| ia|{ dmias|paci| mwc [mimw mjk Wamj \{mbbnaj* Ga{e ad {ec|cpaci| wccl{ m im|{cw~ ad cpnl dawi venbc kcmbnjf vn{elaj{watcw|nmb |sgocl{ im{{cw* G~ s|njf gbmjh tcw|c vn{eja ic{cw" Ocddcw| |eav| m pwcdcwcjlc ad {ec jm{swmb vawbkmfmnj|{ vem{ imj em| kajc {a lawwsp{ n{* Ocddcw| pm||ckmvm~ nj Lmwicb aj Omjsmw~ 70" =>47* En| |{mip vm|n||sck aj Msfs|{ =7< |ec vm| mvmwkck {ec Psbn{zcw Pwnzc daw Ajc ad Asw|" mjatcb dabbavnjf m Jcgwm|hmj |a bkncw kswnjf Vawbk Vmw N*\aic ad Lm{ecw| a{ecw vawh| njlbskc Ae" Pnajccw| %=>==5." ad{cj lmbbck ecw jc|{ mlenctcicj{*M{ {ec mfc ad ;6" |ec bntck nj Jcv awh mjk laj{njsck ecw bndc m| m vwn{cw* Ecw vwn{{cj vawhdals|ck aj {ec lajnl{ {em{ cun|{ck gc{vccj {ec pnajccw|ad {ec vc|{ mjk {ecnw |{wsffbc| mkmp{njf {a {ec lemjfnjfiakcwj vawbk* [en| |{mip" kcpnl{njf {ec nimfc ad Lm{ecw|c{ mfmnj|{ m latcwck vmfaj" vm| n||sck nj =>6; *

Gawj nj =56;" Wagcw{ Bcc Dwa|{ vm| m wcjavjckMicwnlmj pac{* Ec n| hjavj daw en| pwcln|c kc{mnbmjk wcmbn|{nl kcpnl{naj| ad bndc nj 70{e lcj{sw~ wswmb

Jcv Cjfbmjk* Ec |{sknck m{ Kmw{ias{e mjk Emwtmwk"{easfe ec jctcw wclcntck m kcfwcc dwai cn{ecw |leaab*Dwa|{ wclcntck dasw Psbn{zcw Pwnzc| daw Pac{w~ kswnjf

en| bndc{nic* \aic ad en| paci| njlbskc [ec Wamk Ja{[mhcj" M Pm{le ad Abk \jav" mjk [ec [cbcpeajc* Ecpm||ck mvm~ nj =>4< m{ {ec mfc ad 55* En| fwmtc" balm{ck njGcjjnjf{aj" Tcwiaj{" }sa{c| {ec bm|{ bnjc dwai en| paciM Bc||aj daw [akm~))N emk m batcw| }smwwcb vn{e {ecvawbk* En| |{mip vm| n||sck nj =>6;*

Pmsb Bmswcjlc Ksjgmw vm| gawj Osjc 76" =567 njKm~{aj" Aena mjk knck nj =>04 m{ {ec mfc ad 63*

[ec Lmwb \mjkgswf |{mip" nbbs|{wm{ck g~ VnbbnmiM* \in{e" vm| wcbcm|ck aj Omjsmw~ 4" =>65 aj {eclcj{cjjnmb ad en| gnw{e* Ec vm| gawj nj m {ewcc)

waai la{{mfc nj Fmbc|gswf" Nbbnjan| aj Omjsmw~ 4" =565"\mjkgswf m{{cjkck Baigmwk Labbcfc nj {ec |mic {avjmjk cmwjck {va Psbn{zcw Pwnzc| nj Pac{w~ daw [ec Laipbc{cVawh| ad Lmwb \mjkgswf mjk Lawjes|hcw|* En| papsbmwgnafwmpe~ Mgwmemi Bnjlabj? [ec Pwmnwnc ^cmw| %7 tab*"=>74.vm| dabbavck g~ Mgwmemi Bnjlabj? [ec Vmw cmw| %; tab|*"

=>."venle vaj {ec Psbn{zcw Pwnzc* Gc{vccj {ec|c {va|c{| ec psgbn|eck m gnafwmpe~ ad en| gwa{ecw)nj)bmv"\{cnlecj" {ec Pea{afwmpecw %=>7>.* Ec mb|a |mjf dabh |ajf|{em{ vcwc n||sck nj {va papsbmw labbcl{naj|" [ec Micwnlmj\ajfgaah %=>76. mjkJcv Micwnlmj \ajfgaah %=>30.*


6/19

Oaej Cwj|{ \{cnjgclh |pcj{ m fwcm{ kcmb ad en| bndcnj Lmbndawjnm| Iaj{cwc~ Lasj{~* Ec vm| gawjnj \mbnjm|" Lmbndawjnm aj Dcgwsmw~ 76" =>07* Ec

vawhck m| m imjsmb bmgawcw venbc vwn{njf" mj cupcwncjlc{em{ mkk| {a {ec ms{ecj{nln{~ ad en| lemwml{cw|* Ec m{{cjkck\{mjdawk Sjntcw|n{~ nj{cwin{{cj{b~ gc{vccj =>70 )=>74"gs{ jctcw cmwjck m kcfwcc* Imj~ ad en| |{a wnc| vcwc imkcnj{a bi|8 en| jatcbbm Ad Inlc mjk Icj %=>>>." [aw{nbbm Dbm{%=> Psbn{zcw Pwnzc8 bi"=>;0.*Nj =>37 ec vwa{c"Cm|{ ad Ckcj mjk nj =>4= en| gaah"[ec Vnj{cw ad Asw Kn|laj{cj{vm| psgbn|eck* Ec wclcntck {ecJagcb Pwnzc daw Bn{cwm{swc nj =>47" {ec |mic ~cmw {em{ en|tcw~ papsbmw gaah" [wmtcb| Vn{e Lemwbc~ vm| vwn{{cj* Ecknck aj Kclcigcw 70" =>45* [en| |{mip" dwai =>6>" n| {ecw|{ {a gc wcbcm|ck m| pmw{ ad {ec Bn{cwmw~ Mw{| \cwnc|*

[ec Ckn{e Vemw{aj \{mip vm| n||sck \cp{cigcw3" =>50 m| pmw{ ad {ec Bn{cwmw~ Mw{| \cwnc|* Ckn{eVemw{aj vm| gawj Omjsmw~ 7;" =547 nj Jcv ^awh

Ln{~ mjk knck nj =>03.*Md{cw =>06 |ec bntcknj Dwmjlc" tn|n{njf {ec Sjn{ck \{m{c| m{ wmwc nj{cwtmb|* Nj=>=< |ec vm| kntawlck dwai ecw es|gmjk vea emk gccjlaiin{{ck {a m icj{mb ea|pn{mb* \ec wclcntck {ec Psbn{zcwPwnzc nj =>70 daw [ec Mfc ad Njjalcjlc* Ecw gc|{ hjavjvawh n| {ec bajf {mbc" C{emj Dwaic"vwn{{cj nj =>==* \eclaj{wngs{ck {a {wmtcbafsc|" eas|c mjk kclawm{njf fsnkc|mjk vwa{c pac{w~ mjk |eaw{ |{awnc|* Mj ms{agnafwmpe~"M

Gmlhvmwk Fbmjlc mppcmwck nj =>47" \nbcj{ \pwnjf vm| wcbcm|ck mjk n| |mnk {a emtc |{mw{ck{ec iakcwj km~ cjtnwajicj{mb iatcicj{ mfmnj|{ pc|{nlnkc|*Lmw|aj knck aj Mpwnb =;" =>4; nj \nbtcw|pwnjf" IK*

Eawm{na Mbfcw vm| gawj aj Omjsmw~ =>* En| |{mip vm|n||sck aj Mpwnb 6


7/19

Jm{emjncb Emv{eawjc vm| gawj Osb~ ;" =50; nj\mbci" Im||mles|c{{| mjk knck nj =54;* [ecJm{emjncb Emv{eawjc |{mip vm| wcbcm|ck nj =>55; nj Jcv Gckdawk"Im||mles|c{{|" {ec |c{{njf dawIag~ Knlh*

\njlbmnw Bcvn| vwa{c 77 jatcb| mjk {ewcc pbm~|" en|psgbnl |sllc|| vm| |cmbck nj =>70 vn{e en| |nu{ejatcb"Imnj \{wcc{* Vn{enj {va ~cmw| c|{nim{ck |mbc|

vcwc m{ {va inbbnaj* M laspbc ~cmw| bm{cw en| isle gcbatcklemwml{cw" Gmggn{{" vm| lwcm{ck nj {ec gaah g~ {ec |mic{n{bc* Ec vm| mvmwkck {ec Psbn{zcw Pwnzc daw Mwwav|in{e nj=>73* [va ~cmw| bm{cw ec vwa{c mgas{ m wctntmbn|{ injn|{cwnjCbicw Fmj{w~ mjkKak|vaw{e dabbavck {en|nj =>7>*\njlbmnw gclmic {ec w|{ Micwnlmj jatcbn|{ {a gc mvmwkck{ec Jagcb Pwnzc daw Bn{cwm{swc* En| ajb~ |aj" Vcbb| %jmick

md{cw ms{eaw" E*F* Vcbb|. vwa{c ajc gaah gcdawc ec knckfe{njf nj Dwmjlc kswnjf VVNN* \njlbmnw knck nj Waic admktmjlck mblaeabn|i nj =>3=* [en| |{mip vm| wcbcm|ck ajImwle 7=" =>53*

Aj Osjc 00)=>;>.* [ec

km{c ad {ec |{mip| wcbcm|c imwhck {ec 30{e mjjntcw|mw~ ad{ec km~ ecw cpnl jatcb" Fajc Vn{e {ec Vnjk %=>


8/19

[*\* Cbna{ vm| m wcjavjck Iakcwjn|{ pac{"pbm~vwnfe{" mjk bn{cwmw~ lwn{nl* En| w|{ nipaw{mj{psgbnlm{naj" mjk {ec w|{ im|{cwpnclc ad iakcwjn|i

nj Cjfbn|e" vm| {ec wmknlmbb~ cupcwnicj{mb" [ec Batc\ajf ad O* Mbdwck Pwsdwalh%=>=3.* [ec =>77 psgbnlm{najad [ec Vm|{c Bmjk" cupwc||ck kn|nbbs|najicj{ vn{e {ecpa|{ VVN ~cmw|* Dwai {ec {nic ad {en| pa|{ m| ckn{aw sj{nben| kcm{e ec vm| m knwcl{aw ad {ec psgbn|enjf wi Dmgcw$ Dmgcw* Ec vwa{c |ctcj pbm~| nj en| bndc{nic* [ec bnfe{)tcw|c labbcl{naj Abk Pa||si| Gaah ad Pwml{nlmb Lm{| %=>.vasbk nj|pnwc {ec esfcb~ |sllc||dsb is|nlmb Lm{| %=>5=.*Nj =>;5 ec vm| mvmwkck {ec Jagcb Pw nzc nj Bn{cwm{swc"ec knck m{ 64 nj =>43* [ec |{mip nbbs|{wm{naj n| gm|ck aj mpea{afwmpe {mhcj ad Cbna{ daw [ec Jcv awh [nic|* N{ vm|n||sck aj \cp{cigcw 74" =>54*

Vnbbnmi Dmsbhjcw vm| gawj aj \cp{cigcw 73"=5>6 nj Audawk" In||n||nppn* Ec n| gc|{ hjavjm| m jatcbn|{ mjk |eaw{ |{aw~ vwn{cw* Nj {ec

~cmw| gc{vccj =>;7 ec vwa{c jnjc jatcb|" m|clajk gaah ad pac{w~ mjk {va labbcl{naj| ad |{awnc|* En|ia|{ dmias| jatcb| njlbskc? [ec \asjk mjk {ec Dsw~"M| N

Bm~ K~njf" mjk [ec|c =;> Dmsbhjcw wclcntck {ec Jagcb Pwnzc daw Bn{cwm{swc*Ec wclcntck {va Psbn{zcw| dawM Dmgbc %=>3;.mjk [ec

Wcntcw|%=>47.* Dmsbhjcw knck aj Osb~ 4" =>47*

Gwc{ Emw{c vm| gawj Msfs|{ 73" =507*Emw{ psgbn|eck en| w|{ paci Ms{sij Is|njf|

m{ mfc ==* Ec m{{cjkck |leaab sj{nb ec vm| =56" vm| m tc)kabbmw |{mip mjk n| pmw{ ad {ec Fwcm{ Micwnlmj \cwnc|*

Omlh Bajkaj n| gc|{ hjavj daw en| jatcb| Lmbb ad {ecVnbk mjk Ven{c Dmjf* Ec vm| gawj Omjsmw~ =7" =564mjk knck aj Jatcigcw 77" =>=4* Ec vm| mj ms{eaw"

oaswjmbn|{" mjk ml{ntn|{* Bajkaj n| ajc ad {ec w|{ vwn{cw|{a cjoa~ lcbcgwn{~ gm|ck aj en| l{naj vwn{njf" pm||naj dawvawhcw| wnfe{| vcwc ad{cj {ec {apnl ad en| jatcb|* Nj =536"Bajkaj bcd{ daw {ec Hbajknhc fabk ws|e* [ec|c njscjlcken| |eaw{ |{aw~ [a Gsnbk m Dnwc* [avmwk {ec cjk ad en|bndc Bajkaj lbmnick {em{ ec ajb~ laj{njsck vwn{njf {a

mkk mlwc| {a en| bmjk* [en| pa|{mfc |{mip vm| w cbcm|ckOmjsmw~ ==" =>54 m{ Ksjgmw Cbcicj{mw~ \leaab mjk OmlhBajkaj| kmsfe{cw" Gc|| Bajkaj Dbcinjf" fmtc m |pccle*

Cwjc|{ Ecinjfvm~ vm| gawj Osb~ 7=" =5>> njAmh Pmwh" Nbbnjan| mjk knck nj =>4=* Ec vm|mj ms{eaw mjk oaswjmbn|{* Ecinjfvm~| vwn{njf

n| lemwml{cwnzck g~ sjkcw|{m{cicj{* Nj =>=6 ec vm| mwcpaw{cw daw [ec Hmj|m| \{mw mjk vm| eajawck md{cw ec|s|{mnjck njoswnc| m| mj migsbmjlc kwntcw nj VVN* En|jatcb| njlbskc [ec \sj Mb|a Wn|c| %=>74."Daw Veai {ec Gcbb[abb| %=>;0." mjk [ec Abk Imj mjk {ec \cm %Psbn{zcw Pwnzc"=>37.* Ecinjfvm~ vaj {ec Jagcb Pwnzc daw Bndc{nicMlenctcicj{ nj Bn{cwm{swc nj =>3;* [ecwc vcwc {valcwciajnc| ecbk daw {ec w cbcm|c ad Ecinjfvm~| |{mip*Ajc {aah pbmlc m{ en| eaic nj Dbawnkm aj Osb~" =6" =>5>8

mjk {ec a{ecw allswwck nj en| gnw{epbmlc" Amh Pmwh"Nbbnjan|" aj Osb~ 7=" =>5>*


9/19

Imwnmjjc Iaawc em| vaj |ctcwmb knddcwcj{

mvmwk|* Nj =>5=* Imj~

ad \mwa~mj| |{awnc| mwc |c{ nj en| jm{ntc Dwc|ja* Ec vm|

pbmlck nj mj awpemjmfc nj Lmbndawjnm mjk ec vwa{c mgas{{en| nj bm{cw bndc* Nj =>" \mwa~mj wcds|ck {ec Psbn{zcwPwnzc daw en| pbm~ [ec [nic ad asw Bndc" lbmninjf n{ vm|ja gc{{cw {emj mj~{enjf cb|c ec emk vwn{{cj* Nj =>;5"{en| pbm~ vm| mkmp{ck {a {ec |lwccj |{mwwnjf Omic|Fmfjc~*[en| |{mip emk m oanj{ wcbcm|c m| m 7> lcj{ |{mipnj {ec Sjn{ck \{m{c| mjk m ajc)wsgbc |{mip nj {ec \atnc{Sjnaj* \mwa~mj| |{mip vm| wcbcm|ck aj Im~ 77" =>>= njDwc|ja" Lmbndawjnm*

Kawa{e~ Pmwhcw| laiiciawm{ntc |{mip vm|n||sck nj Bajf Gwmjle" Jcv Ocw|c~ aj Msfs|{77" =>>7 m| pmw{ ad {ec Bn{cwmw~ Mw{| |cwnc|

vecwc |ec vm| gawj nj =5>=;" m dcv iaj{e| bm{cw |ec va whck m| mjckn{awnmb m||n|{mj{ daw Tafsc imfmznjc* M| m |{mjk)nj daw

vwn{cw P*F* Vakceas|c |ec vwa{c {ecm{wc lwn{nln|i daw Tmjn{~ Dmnw mjk ecw lmwccw {aah add* \ec ic{ W agcw{ C*\ecwvaak mjk Wagcw{ Gcjlebc~ mjk {ec~ gcfmj bsjlenjfm{ {ecMbfaj}snj Ea{cb* [ec|c icc{njf| imwhck {ecdasjknjf ad {ec Mbfaj}snj Wasjk [mgbc* \ec psgbn|eckecw w|{ tabsic ad pac{w~"Cjasfe Wapc" nj =>74* \ec vwa{c

|eaw{ |{awnc| mjk nj =>7> vaj {ec A* Ecjw~ Mvmwk* \ec

mb|a labbmgawm{ck aj |ctcwmb |lwccjpbm~| sj{nb ecw bcd{n|e|~ipm{enc| imkc ecw m bnmgnbn{~ nj pa|{)vmw Eabb~vaak*\ec knck aj Osjc 6" =>46*

Omic| Fwatcw [eswgcw vm| gawj aj Kclcigcw 5"=5>; nj Labsigs|" Aena mjk fmwjcwck m batc adesiaw mjk pwml{nlmb oahc| dwai en| ia{ecw" Imw~

Mfjc| Dn|ecw* Nj =>07 m{ {ec mfc ad |ctcj" [eswgcw vm|mllnkcj{mbb~ |ea{ nj {ec c~c vn{e m {a~ mwwav g~ en| gwa{ecwVnbbnmi" lms|njf {ec c~c {a gc wciatck* En| wnfe{ c~c|sddcwck dwai |~ipm{ec{nl njdcl{naj bcmknjf {a gbnjkjc||nj bm{cw bndc* Md{cw vwn{njf daw |ctcwmb knddcwcj{ imfmznjc|mjk pmpcw|" C*G* Ven{c bmjkck [eswgcw m oag m| m lap~ckn{aw m{ [ec Jcv ^awhcw* [ec {va labbmgawm{ck aj {ec [mbhad {ec [avj labsij daw cnfe{ ~cmw|* [eswgcw laj{njsck{a |sgin{ lmw{aaj| {a {ec imfmznjc* M [eswgcw Lmwjntmb

vm| wcbcm|ck nj =>;3 m| mj mj{eabaf~ ad ms{agnafwmpenlmb|{awnc| ad Omic| [eswgcw* Gcdawc fanjf gbnjk nj =>3=[eswgcw kwcv m |cbd)paw{wmn{ s|njf ~cbbav lwm~aj ajgbmlh pmpcw* N{ vasbk gc en| bm|{ kwmvnjf daw {ec latcwad[nic* [en| |mic nimfc mppcmw| aj {ec |{mip n||sck aj\cp{cigcw =0" =>>;* Omic| [eswgcw knck aj Jatcigcw 7"=>4=*

[cjjc||cc Vnbbnmi| vm| gawj [eaim| BmjncwVnbbnmi| aj Imwle 74" =>==* Ec m{{cjkck [ecSjntcw|n{~ ad In||aswn" Sjntcw|n{~ ad Vm|enjf{aj"

mjk Sjntcw|n{~ ad Navm* M{ {ec Sjntcw|n{~ ad Navm"|{skcj{| lmbbck eni [cjjc||cc gclms|c {ec~ hjcv {em{en| dminb~ emk lajjcl{naj| {ecwc* Vnbbnmi| vm| dmias|b~hjavj daw en| pbm~vwn{njf |hnbb|* \aic ad en| ia|{wcjavjck pbm~| njlbskc8 Lm{ aj m Ea{ [nj Waad" [ec Fbm||

Icjmfcwnc" mjk [ec Wa|c [m{{aa %[aj~ Mvmwk daw Gc|{ Pbm~"=>3=.* Ec mb|a vaj {va Psbn{zcw Pwnzc|" ajc daw kwmim nj=>;5 daw M \{wcc{lmw Jmick Kc|nwc mjk {ec |clajk daw Lm{ aj

m Ea{ [nj Waad%=>33.* Vnbbnmi| knck nj =>5< m{ {ec mfc ad6=* [en| |{mip vm| wcbcm|ck aj Al{agcw =


10/19=0

[ecBn{{bc Eas|c aj {ec Pwmnwnc |{mipvm| kc|nfjck g~ Oni Bmig mjk vm|n||sck aj Al{agcw 736* [en| |{mip vm| n||sck m| pmw{ ad{ec as{e Lbm||nl Jatcb \cwnc|*

Wcgcllm ad \sjj~gwaah Dmwi n| mjMicwnlmj jatcb vwn{{cj nj =>0< g~Hm{c Kasfbm| Vnffnj* [ec jatcb n|

mgas{ m ~asjf fnwb Wcgcllm vea n| |cj{ {a bntcvn{e ecw {va |{wnl{ msj{| nj Imnjc* [ewasfeecw oa~ ad bndc |ec n| mgbc {a nj|pnwc {eci mjklemjfc {ecnw emw|e vm~|*


11/19==

[ec Mktcj{swc| ad Eslhbcgcww~ Dnjj"vwn{{cjg~ Imwh [vmnj" vm| w|{ psgbn|eck njCjfbmjk nj =55; mjk vm| wcbcm|ck nj

Micwnlm {ewcc iaj{e| bm{cw* [en| vm| {ec w|{imoaw pnclc ad bn{cwm{swc {a gc vwn{{cj nj {ectcwjmlsbmw |{~bc* [ec |pcmhnjf bmjfsmfc nj {ecgaah n| lemwml{cwnzck g~ {ec balmb wcfnajmbn|i*[en| gaah n| hjavj daw n{| labawdsb kc|lwnp{najad |as{ecwj bndc mjk n{| dwc}scj{ s|c ad lamw|cbmjfsmfc mjk wmlnmb |bsw|* Venbc {en| gaahvm| enfeb~ |sllc||dsb n{ wclcntck |aic kn|kmnjksc {a {ec bmjfsmfc mjk vm| ad{cj gmjjck*[ec Lajlawk" Im||mles|c{{| Psgbnl Bngwmw~ctcj n||sck m |{m{cicj{ |m~njf n{ vm| iawc

|sn{ck {a {ec |bsi| {emj nj{cbbnfcj{ wc|pcl{mgbcpcapbc*

Bn{{bc Vaicjvm| vwn{{cj g~ Basn|m Im~Mbla{{ mjk vm| awnfnjmbb~ psgbn|ecknj {va tabsic| nj =545 mjk =54>* N{

mbbavck ecw {a |c{{bc {ec dminb~| kcg{| m{bm|{* Mbla{{ vm| swfck g~ ecw psgbn|ecw {alaj|{wsl{ m jatcb daw fnwb|* Mbla{{ vwa{c mgas{dasw |n|{cw|" Icf" Oa" Gc{e mjk Mi~ Imwle*[en| n| ajc jatcb g~ Mbla{{ nj m |cwnc| ad daswlaipbc{c vawh| lmbbck [ec Imwle \mfm* [eca{ecw gaah| mwc lmbbck" [ec Faak Vntc|" Bn{{bc

Icj mjkOa| Ga~|* [ec lajlbsknjf jatcb|dabbav Oa" m lemwml{cw gcbnctck {a gc iakcbckmd{cw Mbla{{" vea n| gwmtc" as{|pahcj mjk

lwcm{ntc*


12/19=7

Oaej Ecjw~ n| mj Micwnlmj dabh ecwahjavj daw vnjjnjf m wmlc mfmnj|{ m|{cmi)pavcwck emiicw mjk md{cwvmwk

knck vn{e en| emiicw nj emjk* N{ n| bcfcjk{em{ ec lasbk mb|a kwntc m emiicw daw {cjeasw| vn{eas{ |{appnjf* Ec em| gccj {ec|sgocl{ ad imj~ |ajf|" |{awnc|" mjk jatcb|*\leabmw| mfwcc {ec lemwml{cw ad Oaej Ecjw~n| gm|ck aj m imj vea pmw{nlnpm{ck nj m |{cmikwnbb wmlc" gs{ lmjja{ mfwcc vecwc {en| laj{c|{{aah pbmlc* [ec ia|{ laiiaj nimfc ad OaejEcjw~ n| ad eni eabknjf m emiicw" venle lmjgc |ccj aj {ec |{mip* [en| |{mip vm| lwcm{cknj =>>4*

Pmsb Gsj~mj n| m i~{eabafnlmblemwml{cw {em{ em| sjs|smb |hnbb| m|m bsigcwomlh* [ec |{aw~ vm| w|{

kalsicj{ck nj {ec vawh ad S*\* oaswjmbn|{Omic| ImlFnbbntwm~ nj =>=0* Os|{ |nu ~cmw|bm{cw" m| pmw{ ad mj mktcw{n|njf lmipmnfj dawm baffnjf laipmj~" vwn{cw Vnbbnmi Bmsfecmkwcvawhck {ec abk baffnjf {mbc| nj{a {em{ adm fnmj{ bsigcwomlh* Gsj~mj mjk Gmgc {ecGbsc Au" en| laipmjnaj" ksf {ec FwmjkLmj~aj vecj ec kwmffck en| muc gcenjk eni*Ec lwcm{ck Iasj{ Eaak g~ pnbnjf walh|aj {ap ad en| lmipwc {a ps{ n{ as{* Ms{eaw|Wnlemwk Kaw|aj mjk Imw|embb Dn{vnlh ln{cPmsb Gsj~mj m| mj cumipbc ad dmhcbawc" aw

m iakcwj |{aw~ pm||ck add m| mj abkcw dabh{mbc*[ec Pmsb Gsj~mj |{mip vm| wcbcm|ck aj Osb~==" =>>4*


13/19

=7< gaah" \mfm ad Pcla| Gnbb* [ec lemwml{cwn| njtabtck nj dcm{| ad laswmfc mjk pwavc||"|sle m| wnknjf m {awjmka venwbvnjk bnhc mgwajla mjk s|njf m wm{{bc|jmhc jmick \emhcdaw m bm||a* [ec ms{eaw Omic| Lba~k Gavimjgawwavck dwai AWcnbb~ vecj ec vwa{c Pcla|

Gnbb? [ec Fwcm{c|{ Lavga~ ad Mbb [nic * N{ vm|mvmwkck {ec Jcvgcww~ Mvmwk nj =>


14/19

=;

D* \la{{ Dn{zfcwmbk %Dwmjlc| \la{{Hc~ Dn{zfcwmbk. |{m{ck [ec wcm|ajajc vwn{c| n|j{ {ec dml{ ec vmj{| {a

|m~ |aic{enjf* Ec vwn{c| gclms|c ec em| {a|m~ |aic{enjf* Ec vm| gawj \cp{cigcw7;" =5>4 nj \{* Pmsb" Injjc|a{m mjk kncknj Eabb~vaak nj =>;0* Ec vm| jmick md{cwen| kn|{mj{ las|nj Dwmjlc| \la{{ Hc~" {ecvwn{cw ad [ec \{mw)\pmjfbck Gmjjcw* Ecvwa{c jatcb| mjk |eaw{ |{awnc| m| vcbb m|lanjck {ec {cwi {ec Omzz Mfc* Ec m{{cjkck\{* Pmsb Mlmkci~ mjk Pwnjlc{aj* En||{mip vm| wcbcm|ck \cp{cigcw 7;" =>>4" {alaiiciawm{c {ec lcj{cjjnmb ad en| gnw{e* [en||{mip vm| nbbs|{wm{ck g~ Inlemcb Kcm|" vea|c{ {ec vwn{cw mfmnj|{ m gmlhkwap nj|pnwck g~m kc|lwnp{naj nj [ec Fwcm{ Fm{|g~*

[eawj{aj Vnbkcw vm| gawj nj Imkn|aj"Vn|laj|nj aj Mpwnb =6" =5>6* Vnbkcwvwa{c mjk psgbn|eck venbc |cwtnjf

{ec nj S*\* Lam|{ Fsmwk kswnjf VV= mjkm| m Bncs{cjmj{ Labajcb nj {ec Mnw Dawlc njN{mb~ nj =>;3* Nj =>75" Vnbkcw cupcwncjlcklaiicwlnmb |sllc|| daw en| |clajk jatcb" [ec

Gwnkfc ad \mj Bsn| Wc~"venle vcj{ aj {a |clswceni m Psbn{zcw* N{ vasbk gwnjf eni {ec w|{ad {ewcc Psbn{zcw|* Nj =>;< {ewnbbcw \emkav ad m Kasg{*Vnbkcw knck aj Kclcigcw 6" =>63*

[ec Fm{|g~ |{mip vm| n||sck m| pmw{ad {ec =>70| Lcbcgwm{c {ec Lcj{sw~*N||sck nj =>>5" n{ wccl{| {ec |{~bc ad

{ec =>70| Micwnlmj |alnc{~ ad pwa|pcwn{~ vn{e|alnmb pmw{nc| ctcw~ajc vn|eck {a gc m pmw{ad* Gm|ck aj {ec vawh ad D* \la{{ Dn{zfcwmbk"

{en| |{mip mppcmw| {a wccl{ m |lcjc |{wmnfe{dwai {ec eas|c dcm{swck nj [ec Fwcm{ Fm{|g~*[en| jatcb vm| w|{ psgbn|eck nj =>73* N{ {cbb|{ec |{aw~ ad {ec cu{wmtmfmj{ mjk cbs|ntc fswcFm{|g~ mjk en| eaic aj {ec Jaw{e \eaw c adBajf N|bmjk nj {ec |siicw ad =>73*

\{cpecj Tnjlcj{ Gcjc{ vm| gawj njGc{ebceci" Pcjj|~btmjnm aj Osb~77" =5>5* Ec vm| gc|{ hjavj daw en|

jmwwm{ntc paci ad {ec Lntnb Vmw {n{bckOaejGwavj| Gak~" daw venle ec vaj m Psbn{zcwPwnzc nj =>7>* Ec m{{cjkck ^mbc Sjntcw|n{~mjk gclmic m laj{wngs{aw daw [nic Imfmznjcm| vcbb* Kswnjf en| bndc{nic" Gcjc{ mkmp{ck{ec {mbc ad {ec wmpc ad {ec \mgnjc vaimj nj{am pbm~ cj{n{bck \aggnj Vaicj* [en| vm| bm{cwmkmp{ck nj{a {ec is|nlmb \ctcj Gwnkc| daw \ctcj

Gwa{ecw|* Gcjc{ knck aj Imwle =*[en| |{mip vm| wcbcm|ck aj \cp{cigcw =0"=>>5 m| pmw{ ad {ec labbcl{naj lcbcgwm{njf {ecmlenctcicj{ ad {ec =>


15/19

Imblabi U" awnfnjmbb~ jmick Imblabi Bn{{bc"vm| gawj nj Aimem" Jcgwm|hm nj Im~ ad =>73*Ec vm| mj Mdwnlmj Micwnlmj Is|bni injn|{cw"

psgbnl |pcmhcw" mjk esimj wnfe{| ml{ntn|{* Imblabi |mven| eas|c gswjck kavj g~ {ec HHH mjk dabbavnjf {eckcm{e ad en| dm{ecw mjk en| ia{ecw| wciatmb {a m icj{mbnj|{n{s{naj" ec iatck nj vn{e en| |n|{cw nj Ga|{aj* Nj =>;4"venbc nj pwn|aj daw gswfbmw~" Imblabi lajtcw{ck {a {ecGbmlh Is|bni dmn{e* Spaj en| wcbcm|c ec lemjfck en| bm|{jmic {a U m| m wcocl{naj ad en| |bmtc jmic* Sjbnhc{ec lntnb wnfe{| iatcicj{ m{ {ec {nic" Imblabi dals|cken| gcbncd| aj Gbmlh Jm{najmbn|i mjk Pmj)Mdwnlmjn|imjk cjlaswmfck {ec |cpmwm{naj ad gbmlh| mjk ven{c|* Ecvm| m||m||njm{ck m{ m |pcmhnjf cjfmfcicj{ nj m Emwbcigmbbwaai aj Dcgwsmw~ 7=" =>43 m{ {ec mfc ad * [en||{mip vm| n||sck aj Omjsmw~ 70" =>>> nj Jcv ^awh Ln{~mjk kn|pbm~| m pea{a {mhcj ad Imblabi U g~ {ec M||alnm{ck

Pwc|| nj =>4;* N{ n| pmw{ ad {ec Gbmlh Ecwn{mfc \cwnc|*

M\{wcc{lmw Jmick Kc|nwc" g~ [cjjc||cc Vnbbnmi|" vm|vwn{{cj nj =>;6* [ec pbm~ wctabtc| mwasjk {eclbm|e ad \{mjbc~ Havmb|hn mjk |as{ecwjcw Gbmjlec

Ksgan|* N{ vaj {ec Psbn{zcw Pwnzc daw Kwmim nj =>;5* [en||{mip vm| n||sck aj Dcgwsmw~ =5" =>>> m| pmw{ ad {ecLcbcgwm{c {ec Lcj{sw~ N||sc daw {ec =>;0|*

M~j Wmjk vm| gawj nj \{* Pc{cw|gswf" Ws||nm nj=>03* \ec niinfwm{ck {a Eabb~vaak mjk vawhckm| m |lwccjvwn{cw nj =>74* Ecw =>;4 gaah" [ec

Dasj{mnjecmk vasbk gclaic m kswmgbc gc|{)|cbbcw* [ecgaah {as{| ecw penba|ape~ ad Agocl{ntn|i {em{ mbb wcmbmlenctcicj{ n| {ec pwaksl{ ad njkntnksmb mgnbn{~ mjk cddaw{*Md{cw {ec |sllc|| ad[ec Dasj{mnjecmk" Wmjk iatck {a

Jcv ^awh mjk gcfmj vawhnjf aj vem{ n| wcfmwkck m|ecw imfjsi aps|"M{bm| \ewsffck* N{ vm| wcbcm|ck nj =>36mjk cupbawc| {ec wabc ad imj| injk nj imj| cun|{cjlc{ewasfe {ec lemwml{cw ad Oaej Fmb{* [ec |{mip vm|kc|nfjck g~ Jnleabm| Fmc{mja mjk wccl{| {ec Imjem{{mj|h~bnjc" venle Wmjk laj|nkcwck {a gc {ec fwcm{c|{ |~igabad esimj mlenctcicj{" nj mj mw{)kcla dawi*

[a imwh {ec lcj{cjjnmb ad [eaim| Vabdc| gnw{e"{ec S*\* Pa|{mb \cwtnlc n||sck m laiiciawm{ntc|{mip {a eajaw en| bndc* [ec nimfc vm| nbbs|{wm{ck g~

Inlemcb Kcm|* Ec vm| gawj nj M|ectnbbc" JL aj Al{agcw


16/19

[ec Afkcj Jm|e |{mip vm| wcbcm|ck Msfs|{ =>"

7007 mbajf vn{e |nu pwctnas|b~ sjpsgbn|eck paci|laiiciawm{njf {ec lcj{cjjnmb ad en| gnw{e* Ecvm| gawj aj Msfs|{ =>" =>07 mjk knck aj Im~ =>" =>6=*Ec vm| m pac{ hjavj daw bnfe{ tcw|c mjk esiawas|paw{wm~mb| ad esimj dangbc|* [ewasfe en| pac{w~ eccupcwnicj{ck vn{e {ec Cjfbn|e bmjfsmfc" ad{cj lwcm{njfvawk| mjk emtnjf sjcupcl{ck we~ic|* En| pbm~dsb pac{w~ad{cj gwmjleck as{ ad bnjc| dwai a{ecw ms{eaw| aw |nipb~lcw{mnj mjnimb|* Jm|e psgbn|eck m imfmznjc pnclc nj \paw{"cj{n{bck M Bnjc)sp daw ^c|{cwkm~ nj venle ec bn|{ck {ecgm|cgmbb fwcm{| nj mbpemgc{nlmb awkcw mjk addcwck m }snwh~kc|lwnp{naj ad cmle* Md{cw en| kcm{e {ec Jcv ^awh [nic||mnk ec vm| {ec gc|{)hjavj pwakslcw ad esiawas| pac{w~*Inlemcb Kcm| nbbs|{wm{ck {en| |{mip*

_awm Jcmbc Esw|{aj vm| mj Micwnlmj ms{eaw mjk

mj{ewapabafn|{ kswnjf {ec {nic ad {ec EmwbciWcjmn||mjlc* Gawj aj Omjsmw~ 6" =5>=" ecwdminb~ bntck nj Cm{ajtnbbc" Mbmgmim" venle vm| {ec w|{mbb)gbmlh {avj {a gc njlawpawm{ck nj{a {ec Sjn{ck \{m{c|*\ec vwa{c atcw d{~ |eaw{ |{awnc| mjk c||m~| mjk n| ia|{dmias| daw ecw jatcb" [ecnw C~c| Vcwc Vm{lenjf Fak" venlevm| psgbn|eck nj =>40 mjk vm| gswnck sjkcw mj sjimwhck fwmtc* Nj =>6;5 vecj Micwnlmj pwcosknlc bck eni {a wcbalm{c {aDwmjlc* Ec m{{cjkck KcVn{{ Lbnj{aj Enfe \leaab vecwcec vawhck aj {ec |leaab| imfmznjc" psgbn|enjf imj~vawh| nj n{* Gmbkvnj vm| hjavj daw c||m~| {em{ cupbawc {ec

Gbmlh cupcwncjlc {ewasfe en| avj bndc* En| c||m~Jagak~Hjav| I~ Jmic? Iawc Ja{c| ad m Jm{ntc \aj vm| m gc|{)|cbbcwmjk |abk atcw m inbbnaj lapnc|* [en| |{mip" kc|nfjck g~[eaim| Gbmlh|ecmw NN" n| gm|ck add aj m gbmlh mjk ven{cpea{afwmpe dwai =>40* [ec gmlhfwasjk n| gm|ck aj m|lcjc dwai Fa [cbb n{ aj {ec Iasj{mnj nj Emwbci*

Wagcw{ Pcjj Vmwwcj vm| eajawck nj 7003 vn{e mlaiiciawm{ntc |{mip aj {ec lcj{cjjnmb ad en|gnw{e* Nj =>75" Pcjj cj{cwck {ec Jcv Labbcfc

mjk Audawk m| m Weakc| |leabmw* Ec wclcntck {ec Psbn{zcwPwnzc daw en| jatcb Mbb {ec Hnjf| Icj nj =>;6 mjk vaj {ecPsbn{zcw Pwnzc daw Pac{w~ nj =>35 mjk =>6 >* Ec n| {ec ajb~vwn{cw {a vnj {ec Psbn{zcw Pwnzc daw ga{e pac{w~ mjk l{naj*Ec vm| jmick {ec w|{ Pac{ Bmswcm{c ad {ec Sjn{ck \{m{c|nj =>54* Vnbb Vnb|aj pmnj{ck {en| |{mip mjk gm|ck {ecpaw{wmn{ aj m =>;5 pea{afwmpe ad Vmwwcj* [ec gmlhfwasjkwccl{| m |lcjc dwai Vmwwcj| vawh"Mbb {ec Hnjf| Icj*

Hm{ecwnjc Mjjc Paw{cw| Labbcl{ck \eaw{ \{awnc| %=>43.vaj {ec Jm{najmb Gaah Mvmwk mjk {ec Psbn{zcwPwnzc* Paw{cw| ajb~ jatcb" \enp ad Daab| %=>47" bi"

=>43. |emwc| {ec {ecic ad {ec m|lcjkmjl~ ad Jmzn|i m|kac| ecw =>;; |{aw~" [ec Bcmjnjf [avcw* Paw{cw vm| gawjnj [cum| nj =5>0" ecw bajf" |eaw{ |{awnc| dcm{swc laipbculemwml{cw| {~pnlmb {a jatcb|* \ec iatck {a Icunla nj =>70dabbavnjf pa|n{naj| m| m oaswjmbn|{ nj Lenlmfa mjk Kcjtcw*[ewcc ~cmw| gcdawc ecw kcm{e |ec vwa{c mgas{ {ec \mlla)Tmjzc{{n iswkcw {wnmb nj [ec Jctcw)Cjknjf Vwajf %=>66.*Paw{cw| Labbcl{ck \eaw{ \{awnc| %=>43. vaj {ec Jm{najmbGaah Mvmwk mjk {ec Psbn{zcw Pwnzc* [ec |{mip paw{wmn{vm| gm|ck aj m =>


17/19

=6

Imwh [vmnj vm| gawj nj =5


18/19

=5

[ecakaw Fcn|cb %Kw* \cs||. bbck en|gaah| vn{e as{bmjkn|e lemwml{cw|"jaj|cj|nlmb vawk| mjk lainl

|n{sm{naj|* Nj =>36 ec psgbn|eck en| ia|{dmias| vawh daw ~asjf wcmkcw| cj{n{bck" [ecLm{ nj {ec Em{* [ecakaw Fcn|cb| ia|{ dmias|lemwml{cw vm| dcm{swck aj {en| |{mip {amlhjavbckfc {ec nipml{ Fcn|cb em| emk ajlenbkwcj| bn{cwm{swc*

[ecakaw Fcn|cb n| iawc laiiajb~

hjavj g~ en| pcj jmic" Kw* \cs||*Ec m{{cjkck Kmw{ias{e Labbcfc mjkvm| {ec ckn{aw)nj)lencd ad Kmw{ias{e| abkc|{labbcfnm{c esiaw imfmznjc"Omlh)A)Bmj{cwj*Ec w|{ {aah {ec pcj jmic \cs|| |a {em{ eclasbk laj{njsc {a vawh aj {ec imfmznjc md{cwgcnjf gmjjck daw tnabm{njf Pwaengn{naj* Fcn|cbvwa{c mjk nbbs|{wm{ck m {a{mb ad ;; lenbkwcj|gaah| njlbsknjf FwccjCff| mjk Emi mjkEav{ec Fwnjle \{abc Lewn|{im|* [ec |{mip vm|wcbcm|ck nj Lmbndawjnm aj Imwle 7" 700;" aj{ec lcj{cjjnmb ad en| gnw{e* N{ kn|pbm~| m pea{aad Fcn|cb {mhcj nj =>56 vn{e |aic dminbnmwcigcbbn|eicj{|* [a eajaw en| laj{wngs{naj {alenbkwcj| bn{cwm{swc dminbnmw lemwml{cw| dwaien| gaah| vcwc pbmlck mwasjk en| nimfc*


19/19

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U.S. Commemorative Stamps of American Writers Exhibit

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