U.S. and WWII. “Good Neighbor Policy” Roosevelt Announced during his inaugural address (1933) We...
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U.S. and WWII
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“Good Neighbor Policy”
Roosevelt Announced during his inaugural address (1933)
We would oppose armed intervention in Latin American affairs
In response to increasing tensions/conflicts We will “respect the rights of others”
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“This nation will remain a neutral nation, but I cannot ask that every American remain neutral in thought as well.”
- Franklin Roosevelt, 1939
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Neutrality Tested No question that U.S. favored Allied Powers
What would it take for the U.S. to assist them?
At the very least, Roosevelt believed we should make armaments available to Allied armies
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Neutrality Acts (1935-36-37) Only trade non-military goods with nations
at war President to warn Americans from travelling
in hostile waters (1937) “Cash-and-Carry” Policy
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Lend-Lease Agreement (1941) The U.S. could lend or lease armaments “to
any nation deemed pivotal to the defense of the United States.”
They would be returned after the war
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The Atlantic Charter, Aug.1941 Called for “certain common principles” on
which to base “a better future for the world.”
Openly called for “the final destruction of the Nazi tyranny.”
Statement of war aims?
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$$$ War Spending $$$1941
Budget $9 Billion
GNP $91 Billion
Debt $49 Billion
1945
$100 Billion
$166 Billion
$259 Billion
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Zoot-suits
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D-Day Invasion• June 6, 1944 – Invasion to retake France
•Thousands of planes, ships, tanks, landing craft, and 3.5 million troops
•American, Canadian, French and British forces
•Among the Americans alone, 3,000 died
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June 6, 1944 – D-Day
Aug 25, 1944 – Paris Liberated
By September – France, Belgium,
and Luxemburg Liberated
Dec 44-Jan 45 - Battle of the Bulge
May 8, 1945 – Victory in Europe (VE) DayGeneral Eisenhower accepted the unconditional
surrender of the Third Reich
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Yalta Conference
Early Feb 1945, Stalin, Churchill, Roosevelt met
Decided upon unconditional surrender for Germany4 Occupation zones
demilitarization
Soviet Union would enter war with Japan3 months after the fighting in Europe ended
Stalin would join the newly formed United Nations
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Dresden, Germany
February 13, 1945
4,000 tons of explosives dropped
35,000 – 135,000 dead
Strategic, or payback for blitz?
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Hitler greeting his “soldiers” in Berlin, April 20, 1945
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Berlin Falls May 2, 1945 (VE Day May 8)
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United Nations
June, 1945
50 nations signed the UN Charter which pledged “to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war.”
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The Security Council is made up of 15 member states, consisting of 5 permanent members–China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States–and 10 non-permanent members, currently:
Azerbaijan, India, South Africa, Colombia, Morocco, Togo, Germany, Pakistan, Guatemala, and Portugal
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War in the Pacific endsJuly 26, 1945 – Potsdam Declaration issued
August 6 – First bomb dropped on Hiroshima
August 8 – Soviet Union invades Manchuria
August 9 – Second bomb dropped on Nagasaki
August 15 – Emperor Hirohito gives radio address declaring acceptance of Potsdam Declaration terms
- (VJ, Victory over Japan Day)
September 2 – Japan surrenders in Tokyo Harbor to General Douglas MacArthur
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Truman Doctrine 1947 U.S. must help “free peoples who are
resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures.”
Offer of financial and military support to Greece and Turkey (prevent instability)
Beginning of “containment” philosophy
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Marshall Plan June 1947(European Recovery Program)
Sec. Of State George Marshall
We will offer financial aid to countries in Europe who want it
Equal aid was offered to the Soviet Union
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Basketball reads: “European Recovery.” Caption: “Can he block it?”
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The Second Red Scare / McCarthyism
• Berlin Blockade (led to Airlift in 1948/49)
• Russia Detonates Bomb 1949
• Communist Victory in China (1949)
Korean War 1950-53
Espionage + Subversion
-Hiss Case
-Ethel & Julius Rosenberg
Politics – Dems week on communism