US after WWII Chapter 25. Occupation of Germany Potsdam Conference – July 1945 – Truman, Stalin,...
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Transcript of US after WWII Chapter 25. Occupation of Germany Potsdam Conference – July 1945 – Truman, Stalin,...
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US after WWII
Chapter 25
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Occupation of Germany
Potsdam Conference – July 1945– Truman, Stalin, and Churchill (Attlee)
Division of Germany– France, US, and GB – western Germany– USSR – eastern Germany
Division of Berlin– Same concept as with Germany
Rebuild Germany
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Potsdam
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Germany
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Occupation of Japan
Occupied by US from ‘45-’52 MacArthur ran the country
– New constitution Dem. Gov’t Women’s suffrage Freedom of religion Demilitarized
– Made economic reforms
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War Crime Trials
Nuremberg Trials– German Nazis
Holocaust– 12 executed
Tokyo– Japanese trials
7 executed– Hideki Tojo
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Nuremberg Trials
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Tojo
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United Nations
1st met in San Fran in ‘45 2 parts of UN
– General Assembly All member nations
– Security Council 15 members
– 5 permanent – GB, US, France, USSR, China– 10 rotating members
Headquarters in NYC E. Roosevelt- 1 of the 1st US delegates
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Trygve Lie
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Israel
Zionism – movement seeking a homeland in Palestine– David Ben Gurion
UN’s idea– Divide Palestine into 2 states: Arab and Jewish
Israel is created in ‘48– Recognized by US and USSR
Israel is attacked by other Arab nations
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Ben-Gurion
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Israel
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Cold War
Competition btw US and USSR over global power and influence
– Political and economic war US
– Dem. Gov’t– Individual freedom– Capitalism
USSR– State-run economy– One-party rule– No religion– Use of force to crush opposition
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Cold War Europe
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Truman Doctrine
Containment- US strategy to restrict expansion of communism
Aid any nation that was being bullied by USSR– DON’T COPY(“policy of US to support free
peoples…[from] armed minorities or by outside pressures”)
Gave $400 million to Greece and Turkey
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Truman
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Marshall Plan
George C. Marshall – sec. of state under Truman
$17 billion in economic aid for Europe– Make sure it did not become communistic– Bolster US trade
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Marshall
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Berlin Airlift
1948 – USSR blocked all roads from Berlin to western Germany– Western Berlin-no supplies from US,GB
10 months – US, GB planes flew more than 2 mill tons of food and supplies to West Berlin
‘49 – USSR lifted blockade
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Berlin AirLift
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Alliance System
NATO – united against USSR– 12 nations– 1 nation is attacked, all attacked
Warsaw Pact – alliance of communist countries
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Cold War Europe
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Terrible Year of 1949
China becomes Communist– Mao Zedong
USSR detonates 1st atom bomb Truman & Democrats – “too soft on
Communism”
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Chiang Kai-Shek
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Mao Zedong
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Cold War under Ike
Brinkmanship – threat of massive retaliation (nukes)– John Foster Dulles
Used the CIA– Covert(secretive) means to gather info or take action
Led coup d'états against Iran and Guatemala Eisenhower Doctrine – offered mil. aid to any
Mid East nation resisting communist rule U-2 Incident – US spy plane was shot down over
USSR– Bad relations btw Ike and Khruschev
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Dulles
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Ike
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U-2 Plane
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Francis Gary Powers
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Nikita Khruschev