Urine Marijuana Analysis and Interpretation Dan Coleman California Department of Justice
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Transcript of Urine Marijuana Analysis and Interpretation Dan Coleman California Department of Justice
Urine Marijuana Analysis and Interpretation
Dan ColemanCalifornia Department of Justice
Introduction
History
Of
Marijuana
Use
Marijuana Prescription, 2000
Whiskey Prescription, 1925
Variety is the
spice of life.
Effects of Marijuana
(Stoned)
Effects of Marijuana
(High)
Effects of Marijuana
Appetite Stimulation. Causes Premature Aging?
Analysis of Marijuana
Urine Analysis of Marijuana
Deconjugate for THC and OH-THCDeconjugate for THC and OH-THC
Kemp found E.Coli works bestKemp found E.Coli works best
Make a deconjugation QC sampleMake a deconjugation QC sample
Conjugated drugs not availableConjugated drugs not available
Note on SPE extractionsNote on SPE extractions
California DUI Investigation
Determine the drug’s:Determine the drug’s:
Presence
Influence
Impairment
California DUI Investigation
Unfortunately, urine is still an optionUnfortunately, urine is still an option
Quality of investigation varies Quality of investigation varies by agencyby agency
Standard DRE Form Used by the CHP
Signs and Symptoms of Recent Marijuana Usage.
Determining Time of Use Elimination of cannabinoidsElimination of cannabinoids History of usageHistory of usage Weight loss?Weight loss? Creatinine levels?Creatinine levels?
Officer’s observations, to include FSTs
Laboratory and Driving Studies
Controlled Studies Have Found Drivers Under the Influence of
MJ to Drive Slower
Many Police Reports Find
MJ Drivers Speeding
Marijuana only detected (pre OH-THC analysis)
THC conc.
(ng/mL)
Elapsed time of urine
collection from stop
Time admits last used (from
urine collection) Comments
1 10-15 1 hr. 37 min. 1 hr. 47 min. X X X X X2 30-40 58 min. 2 hr. 58 min. X X X X X X X X3 10-15 1 hr. 25 min. "Recent" X X X X X X "Smoked before leaving house"
4 <5 1 hr. 30 min. 10 hr. 30 min. X X X X X X5 30-40 53 min. - X X X X X X "Denies using past 24 hours"
Case #1 – Smoked 10 minutes before stop, admitted he was waiting for cop to leave the area. COOH greater than 500 ng/mL. Pulled over for window tint.
Case #2 – Smoked 2 hours prior, was wearing MJ t-shirt. Pulled over for tail light infraction.
Case #3 – Pulled over at 0720, for speeding. Recent usage.
Marijuana only detected (pre OH-THC analysis)
THC conc.
(ng/mL)
Elapsed time of urine
collection from stop
Time admits last used (from
urine collection) Comments
1 10-15 1 hr. 37 min. 1 hr. 47 min. X X X X X2 30-40 58 min. 2 hr. 58 min. X X X X X X X X3 10-15 1 hr. 25 min. "Recent" X X X X X X "Smoked before leaving house"
4 <5 1 hr. 30 min. 10 hr. 30 min. X X X X X X5 30-40 53 min. - X X X X X X "Denies using past 24 hours"
Case #4 – Weaving within and out of the lane. Low pulse (52-68), BP 150/104.
Case #5 – Pulled over for running stop sign and wide turn.
Marijuana including OH-THC presence
THC conc.
(ng/mL)
Elapsed time of urine
collection from stop
Time admits last used (from
urine collection) Lack
of C
onverg
ence
Reboun
d Dila
tion
Odo
r of M
arijuana
Coate
d or G
reen
Tong
ue
Red a
nd/or W
ater
y Eye
s
Dilate
d Pupils
High P
ulse a
nd/o
r B.P
.
Admiss
ion o
f Usa
ge
Also found6 ND 2 hours - meth; ops; OH <0.5;
7 5-10 1 hour 2 hrs. 15 min. X X X X X X meth; OH 10-20;
8 5-10 1 hour 6-7 hours X X X X X X low ephed; OH 25-30
9 20-30 1 hour 4 hrs. 20 min. X X X X X X X OH 90-100; possess hash
10 5 45 min. 12+ hrs. X X X meth; OH 25-30; constricted
11 ND 38 min. 10 hours X X X X X X benzos; EtOH
12 ND 1 hr. 30 min. 2 hrs. 10 min. X X X X X X X OH 1-2; meth
13 ND 50 min. 3 hrs. 50 min. X X X X X X X OH 5-10; coc/BE
Case #6 – COOH at 10 ng/mL.
Case #7 – Pulled over for swerving within the lane. Admits recent usage “It was bud, not shake.”
Case #8 – Speeding and weaving.
Marijuana including OH-THC presence
THC conc.
(ng/mL)
Elapsed time of urine
collection from stop
Time admits last used (from
urine collection) Lack
of C
onverg
ence
Reboun
d Dila
tion
Odo
r of M
arijuana
Coate
d or G
reen
Tong
ue
Red a
nd/or W
ater
y Eye
s
Dilate
d Pupils
High P
ulse a
nd/o
r B.P
.
Admiss
ion o
f Usa
ge
Also found6 ND 2 hours - meth; ops; OH <0.5;
7 5-10 1 hour 2 hrs. 15 min. X X X X X X meth; OH 10-20;
8 5-10 1 hour 6-7 hours X X X X X X low ephed; OH 25-30
9 20-30 1 hour 4 hrs. 20 min. X X X X X X X OH 90-100; possess hash
10 5 45 min. 12+ hrs. X X X meth; OH 25-30; constricted
11 ND 38 min. 10 hours X X X X X X benzos; EtOH
12 ND 1 hr. 30 min. 2 hrs. 10 min. X X X X X X X OH 1-2; meth
13 ND 50 min. 3 hrs. 50 min. X X X X X X X OH 5-10; coc/BE
Case #9 – Sudden U-turn and spun wheels leaving skid marks and smoke. “Yeah, I feel a little high.”
Case #10 – Drifting and inattentive driving.
Case #11 – Slid off of road into a ditch.
Marijuana including OH-THC presence
THC conc.
(ng/mL)
Elapsed time of urine
collection from stop
Time admits last used (from
urine collection) Lack
of C
onverg
ence
Reboun
d Dila
tion
Odo
r of M
arijuana
Coate
d or G
reen
Tong
ue
Red a
nd/or W
ater
y Eye
s
Dilate
d Pupils
High P
ulse a
nd/o
r B.P
.
Admiss
ion o
f Usa
ge
Also found6 ND 2 hours - meth; ops; OH <0.5;
7 5-10 1 hour 2 hrs. 15 min. X X X X X X meth; OH 10-20;
8 5-10 1 hour 6-7 hours X X X X X X low ephed; OH 25-30
9 20-30 1 hour 4 hrs. 20 min. X X X X X X X OH 90-100; possess hash
10 5 45 min. 12+ hrs. X X X meth; OH 25-30; constricted
11 ND 38 min. 10 hours X X X X X X benzos; EtOH
12 ND 1 hr. 30 min. 2 hrs. 10 min. X X X X X X X OH 1-2; meth
13 ND 50 min. 3 hrs. 50 min. X X X X X X X OH 5-10; coc/BE
Case #12 – Moderate COOH of 50-100 ng/mL.
Case #13 – Higher COOH of 200-300 ng/mL.
Marijuana in combination with other drugs
THC conc.
(ng/mL)
Elapsed time of urine
collection from stop
Time admits last used (from
urine collection) Lack
of C
onverg
ence
Reboun
d Dila
tion
Odo
r of M
arijuana
Coate
d or G
reen
Tong
ue
Red a
nd/or W
ater
y Eye
s
Dilate
d Pupils
High P
ulse a
nd/o
r B.P
.
Admiss
ion o
f Usa
ge
Also found14 10-15 1 hr. 10 min. 1 hr. 40 min. X X X X hydrocodone
15 15-20 1 hr. 20 min. 2-4 hrs. X X X X X X low methamphetamine
16 5-10 1 hr. 50 min. 2 hr. 50 min. X X X X X X X methamphetamine
17 5-10 50 min. 1 hr. 50 min. X X X X X low benzos; meprobamate
18 10-15 1 hr. 32 min. 3 hrs. X X X X X X methamphetamine
19 10-15 1 hr. 39 min. Recent X X X X X X X weak opiates
20 <5 1 hr. 27 min. 13 hr. 27 min. X X X X X X X X weak methamphetamine
21 5-10 1 hr. 15 min. - X X methamphetamine
Case #14 – Speeding, driving on the white line. Smoked one half hour prior.
Case #15 – Pulled over for headlight violation. On his way to Jack-in-the-Box, feels “mellow and has the munchies”. Asked if he feels a little bit impaired, “Yeah, I won’t deny it.”
Case #16 – Cut-off CHP car at intersection. No statement.
Marijuana in combination with other drugs
THC conc.
(ng/mL)
Elapsed time of urine
collection from stop
Time admits last used (from
urine collection) Lack
of C
onverg
ence
Reboun
d Dila
tion
Odo
r of M
arijuana
Coate
d or G
reen
Tong
ue
Red a
nd/or W
ater
y Eye
s
Dilate
d Pupils
High P
ulse a
nd/o
r B.P
.
Admiss
ion o
f Usa
ge
Also found14 10-15 1 hr. 10 min. 1 hr. 40 min. X X X X hydrocodone
15 15-20 1 hr. 20 min. 2-4 hrs. X X X X X X low methamphetamine
16 5-10 1 hr. 50 min. 2 hr. 50 min. X X X X X X X methamphetamine
17 5-10 50 min. 1 hr. 50 min. X X X X X low benzos; meprobamate
18 10-15 1 hr. 32 min. 3 hrs. X X X X X X methamphetamine
19 10-15 1 hr. 39 min. Recent X X X X X X X weak opiates
20 <5 1 hr. 27 min. 13 hr. 27 min. X X X X X X X X weak methamphetamine
21 5-10 1 hr. 15 min. - X X methamphetamine
Case #17 – Speeding, admits smoking one hour prior. Officer observed pipe and prescription bottle with MJ in it. Stated it was her mom’s. Eventually says just the bottle is.
Case #18 – Pulled over for no seat belt.
Case #19 – Warm joint in the ashtray
Marijuana in combination with other drugs
THC conc.
(ng/mL)
Elapsed time of urine
collection from stop
Time admits last used (from
urine collection) Lack
of C
onverg
ence
Reboun
d Dila
tion
Odo
r of M
arijuana
Coate
d or G
reen
Tong
ue
Red a
nd/or W
ater
y Eye
s
Dilate
d Pupils
High P
ulse a
nd/o
r B.P
.
Admiss
ion o
f Usa
ge
Also found14 10-15 1 hr. 10 min. 1 hr. 40 min. X X X X hydrocodone
15 15-20 1 hr. 20 min. 2-4 hrs. X X X X X X low methamphetamine
16 5-10 1 hr. 50 min. 2 hr. 50 min. X X X X X X X methamphetamine
17 5-10 50 min. 1 hr. 50 min. X X X X X low benzos; meprobamate
18 10-15 1 hr. 32 min. 3 hrs. X X X X X X methamphetamine
19 10-15 1 hr. 39 min. Recent X X X X X X X weak opiates
20 <5 1 hr. 27 min. 13 hr. 27 min. X X X X X X X X weak methamphetamine
21 5-10 1 hr. 15 min. - X X methamphetamine
Case #20 – Pulled over for weaving.
Case #21 – Pulled over for no license plate light at 2130. COOH is 150-200 ng/mL. Admits methamphetamine from the morning.
Blood and Urine Comparisons (no OH-THC available)THC COOH OH-THC
(ng/mL) (ng/mL) (ng/mL) Time
01-8882 22 1.3 50-60 N/A 1916 Blood
01-8882 <5 30-40 N/A 1720 Urine
01-4318 23 1.5 20 N/A 0203 Blood
01-4318 ND 40-50 N/A 0232 Urine
01-1487 24 +/- by IA N/A N/A 1300 Blood
01-1487 <5 30-40 N/A 1050 Urine
Blood and Urine Comparisons (with OH-THC available)THC COOH OH-THC
(ng/mL) (ng/mL) (ng/mL) Time
02-7780 25 0.73 88 <1 1043 Blood
02-7780 ND 100 ND 1048 Urine
02-9793 26 0.96 33 <1 1240 Blood
02-9793 ND 30-40 ND N/A Urine
02-9890 27 ND 11 ND 0330 Blood
02-9890 ND 70-80 <5 0450 Urine
Blood and Urine Comparisons (with OH-THC available)02-4578 28 +/- by IA N/A N/A 2001 Blood
02-4578 5 10 <5 1945 Urine
02-4702 29 +/- by IA N/A N/A 1055 Blood
02-4702 <5 10 <5 0938 Urine
02-5116 30 ND <5 ND 0325 Blood
02-5116 ND 100 <5 0530 Urine
03-6318 31 3.5 135 1.1 0405 Blood
03-6318 ND <1 >300 3 0440 Urine
03-8394 32 1.4 64 <1 1020 Blood
03-8394 ND <1 >250 3 0853 Urine
03-10130 33 ND ND ND 1107 Blood
03-9804 ND <10 ND 1013 Urine
03-10352 34 1.2 80 0.5 2110 Blood
03-10352 ND 100 3 1920 Urine
03-10462 35 ND 8 ND 1110 Blood
03-10462 ND 60 <1 0945 Urine
Take Home Messages
Analysis of THC and OH-THC in urine requires deconjugation with E.Coli
Presence of THC and OH-THC may be an indicator of recent use of marijuana
Take Home Messages
Analysis of OH-THC is worth doing in both blood and urine
OH-THC is an active metabolite, may be present in levels similar or slightly greater than THC, and be detectable for slightly longer periods than THC
Take Home Messages
Driving while impaired by marijuana does not always mean slow driving
Drivers shown to be under the influence of MJ are also commonly seen speeding and exhibiting lowered inhibitions
Take Home Messages
It is possible to exhibit signs and symptoms of marijuana influence with no THC detected in the urine
Marijuana and alcohol in combination have consistently been shown to impair skills needed for safe driving