URINARY SYSTEM

M E D I C A L T E R M I N O L O G Y

• Is the organ system which

produces, stores and

eliminates waste.

• Is responsible for waste

excretion in the form of

urine

Fluid Intake

• Is necessary in order for the body to

function

• Can be completed by: oral intake,

drinking water or eating food

• intravenous intake receiving fluid through

an IV which is the injection of fluid into

the vein in a hospital

Fun Fact: It is recommended that you drink eight glasses of water per day, which

equals out to approximately 60 to 70 ounces or two quarts.

•Is completed by:•Vomiting, sweating, feces, urine

•Exhaled vapor

• Terms Concerning Urine Output

• polyuria

increased urine output

• oliguria

decreased urine output

• anuria

complete lack of urine secretion

dysuria-

• difficult or painful urination

hematuria-

• blood in the urine

diuresis-

• increased excretion of urine

urinary incontinence-

• involuntary release of urine

urinary retention-

• inability to fully empty the bladder

enuresis

• Involuntary discharge of urine

Pathology (path/o=disease -ology=study of)

Cystitis (cyst/o=bladder -itis=inflammation)

• Urinary Bladder inflammation-simple bladder infection

• Dysuria, frequency, hematuria

Diagnostic Procedures

• UA (urinalysis) urin/o=urine -lysis=to destroy

• Laboratory test consisting of the physical chemical and

microscopic examination of urine

• C&S (urine culture and sensitivity)

• Attempt to grow bacteria on a culture in order to identify it

and then determine which antibiotics to use

nitrites, leukocyte

esterase, and

bacteria highly

suggestive of a

urinary tract

infection

Medications- Cipro, Macrobid- classified as

an antibiotic

• used to treat bacterial infections of the

urinary tract.

Pyridium, Urogesic- classified as an analgesic

• relieves pain-Its non narcotic

UTI-Urinary Tract Infection (urin/o=urine -ary=pertaining

to)

•Infection usually from bacteria. Most often begins with cystitis and

may ascend into ureters and kidneys. Most common in women due

to their short urethra.

Diagnostic Procedures

•UA (urinalysis) urin/o=urine -lysis=to destroy

•C&S (urine culture and sensitivity)

Medications- Cipro, Macrobid- classified as an Antibiotic

Pyridium, Urogesic- classified as an Analgesic

Kidney Stone(nephrolithiasis) nephr/o=kidney –lithiasis=condition of stones

•Presence of calculi in the kidney begins with solidification of salts present in the urine

Diagnostic Procedure

• UA

• C&S

• KUB kidneys, ureters, bladder

X-ray of the abdomen demonstrating the kidneys, ureters, and bladder without

contrast dye

• IVP-(intravenous pyelography) intra=within ven/o=vein -

ous=pertaining to pyel/o=renal pelvis -graph=recording

X-ray procedure in which a dye is injected into a vein and the x-rays are taken

to visualize the renal pelvis as the dye is removed by the kidneys

KUB AND KIDNEY STONES

IVP

RENAL FAILURE (REN/O=KIDNEY -AL=PERTAINING TO)

• Inability of the kidneys to filter waste from the

blood resulting in Uremia (a raised level in the blood of

urea and other nitrogenous waste compounds that are

normally eliminated by the kidneys)

• Maybe Acute or Chronic

• Acute Causes: Chronic

Blood or fluid loss Diabetes

Blood pressure medications Hypertension

Heart attack Polycystic kidney disease

Heart disease

Infection

Hemodialysis• Use of an artificial kidney machine that filters the blood

of a person to remove waste products.

*Use of this technique in patients who have defective kidneys is life saving

Polycystic Kidneys (poly=many cyst=pouch -tic=pertaining to)

is an inherited kidney disorder that causes formation of cysts within the

kidney tissue. Results in destruction of normal kidney tissue and uremia.

Eventually could cause kidney

failure

Diagnostic:• abdominal ultrasound

• abdominal CT scan

• abdominal MRI scan

• intravenous pyelogram:

• With advanced PKD

that causes renal failure,

dialysis and kidney

transplant may be

necessary.

Treatments/Medications:

Some of the treatment options may include:

• pain medication, except Ibuprofen, which is not

recommended as it may worsen kidney disease

• blood pressure medication

• antibiotics to treat UTIs

• a low sodium diet

• diuretics to help remove excess fluid from the body

Lasix or Aldactone: classified as a diuretic

Increases the volume of urine produced by the kidneys

• surgery to drain cysts and help relieve discomfort

Wilm's Tumor• Malignant kidney tumor most often found in children

• Also known as nephroblastoma, it's the most common cancer of the kidneys in children. Wilms'

tumor most often affects children ages 3 to 4 and becomes much less common after age 5.It's not

clear what causes Wilms' tumor, but in rare cases, heredity may play a role.

•Cancer begins when cells develop errors in their DNA. The errors allow the cells to grow and divide

uncontrollably and to go on living when other cells would die. The accumulating cells form a tumor. In

Wilms' tumor, this process occurs in the kidney cells.

•In rare cases, the errors in DNA that lead to Wilms' tumor are passed from a parent to the child. In

most cases, there is no known connection between parents and children that may lead to cancer.

•TREATMENT

•Surgery, chemo, and radiation

MISC:

Urologist- a physician specialized in treating conditions and diseases

of the urinary system and male reproductive system

Nephrologist-specialist in treatment of kidney disorder

Cystoscope- Instrument used to visually examine the bladder

Ditropan: classified as an antispasmodic -reduces bladder spasms in the

bladder