Urinary System

Lecture 7

Anatomy

• Kidneys = bean-shaped organs, located on each side of the spinal column, removal of waste from the blood.

• Nephron = microscopic located in the kidney, urine producing .

• Glomerulus = process begins here, clusters of capillaries at the entrance of the nephron

• Renal pelvis = funnel shaped reservoir & passes it to the urter.

• Hilum = indentation in kidney, ureter leaves.

• Ureters = tubes, carry urine to the bladder.

Anatomy

• Urinary bladder = hollow organ that temporarily holds the urine.

• Urethra = tube, from bladder to the outside of the body, longer in the male.

• Urinary meatus = opening through which the urine passes to the outside.

• Urine = pale yellow liquid waste product, 95% water and 5% nitrogenous waste.

Word Parts

• Cyst/o vesic/o = bladder, sac.• Glomerul/o = Glomerulus.• Meat/o = meatus (opening).• Nephr/o ren/o = kidney.• Pyel/o = kidney.• Ureter/o = ureter.• Urethr/o = urethra. • Albumin/o = albumin• Azot/o = urea, nitrogen

Combining Forms

• Blast/o = developing cell.• Glyc/o = sugar.• Hydr/o = water.• Lith/o = stone, calculus.• Noct/i = night.• Olig/o = scanty, few.• Son/o = sound.• Tom/o = cut, section.• Urin/o = urine.• Ven/o = vein.

Suffixes

• -iasis esis = condition• -lysis = loosening, dissolution, separating• -megaly = enlargement• -orrhaphy = suturing, repairing• -ptosis = drooping, sagging, prolapse• -tripsy = surgical crushing• -uria = urine, urination• -trophy = nourishment, development

Disease & Disorder Terms I

• Cystitis = inflammation of the bladder.• Cystocele = protrusion of the bladder.• Cystolith = stone in the bladder.• Hydronephrosis = abnormal condition of

water in the kidney, from an obstruction.• Nephroblastoma = kidney tumor, developing

cell, (Wilms’ tumor).• Nephrolithiasis = stones in the kidney.• Nephroma = tumor of the kidney. • Nephromegaly = enlargement of the kidney.

Disease & Disorder Terms II

• Nephroptosis = drooping kidney.• Pyelitis = inflammation of the renal pelvis.• Uremia = urine in the blood, toxic

condition.• Ureterocele = protrusion of a ureter.• Ureterostenosis = narrowing of the ureter.• Urethrocystitis = inflammation of the

urethra and the bladder. • Polycystic kidney = kidney contains many

cysts and is enlarged.• Renal calculi = stones in the kidney.

Disease & Disorder Terms III

• Renal hypertension = elevated blood • pressure, resulting from kidney disease.• Urinary retention = accumulation of urine

in the bladder. Inability to urinate.• Urinary suppression = sudden stoppage of

urine formation.• Urinary tract infection (UTI) = infection of

one or more of the urinary tract.

Surgical Terms I

• Cystectomy = excision of the bladder.• Cystolithotomy = incision of the bladder to

remove a stone.• Cystoplasty = surgical repair of the

bladder.• Cystostomy = creating an artificial opening

into the bladder.• Lithotripsy = surgical crushing of a stone.• Nephrectomy = excision of a kidney.

Surgical Terms II

• Pyelolithotomy = incision of the renal pelvis to remove a stone.

• Ureterectomy = excision of a ureter.• Urethroplasty = surgical repair of the

urethra.• Urethrotomy = incision in the urethra.• Fulguration = destruction of living tissue

with an electric spark, to remove growths. • Renal transplant = implantation of a donor

kidney. • Lithotrite = instrument used to crush a

stone.

Procedural Terms

• KUB = an x-ray of the abdomen, kindey, ureter & bladder.

• BUN = measure the amount of urea in the blood. Determines kidney function. Increase indicates renal dysfunction.

• Specific gravity = test on urine specimen to measure the concentration or diluting ability of the kidneys.

• Urinalysis (UA) = multiple routine test done on a urine specimen.

Complementary Terms I

• Albuminuria = albumin in the urine, indicates kidney problems.

• Anuria = absence of urine.• Dysuria = difficulty of painful urination. • Glycosuria - sugar (glucose) in the urine. • Hematuria = blood in the urine.• Nocturia = night urination. • Oliguria = scanty urination.• Polyuria = excessive urine.

Complementary Terms II

• Pyuria = pus in the urine. • Urologist = physician who specializes in

the diagnosis and treatment of the urinary system.

• Urology = study of the urinary system. The

reproductive system of the male. • Catheter = flexible, tube-like device for

withdrawing or instilling fluids. • Distended = stretched out.• Diuretic = agent that increases the amount

of urine.

Complementary Terms III

• Enuresis = involuntary urination (bed wetting).

• Hemodialysis = procedure of removing impurities from the blood, because kidney can’t.

• Incontinence = inability to control the bladder and/or bowels.

• Micturate = to urinate of void. • Stricture = abnormal narrowing, urethral

stricture. • Void = to empty or evacuate waste

material.

Abbreviations

• BUN = blood urea nitrogen• cath = catheterization• HD = hemodialysis • KUB = kidney, ureter, and bladder• SG = specific gravity• UA = urinalysis• UTI = urinary tract infection