Urinary System -...
Transcript of Urinary System -...
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Urinary System
Fetal Pig Dissection, Urinalysis, Models
Bio 107 – Lab 10
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Activities
• Sheep Kidney Dissection
• Urinalysis
• Models
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Learning Objectives
• Be able to trace the pathway of urine through the body from the organ of production to its excretion from the body.
• Be able to identify the main structures of the kidney.
• Understand how urinalysis helps identify health problems.
• Know and understand the three main steps of urine production.
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Parts of the Urinary System
• Kidneys – Produce Urine
• Ureters – transport urine to urinary bladder
• Urinary Bladder – stores urine
• Urethra – transports urine outside body
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Kidneys and Homeostasis
• Regulate:
– Blood pressure
– Salt balance
– pH
• Eliminates waste• E.g., urea, the primary nitrogenous waste of humans
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Parts of the Kidney
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NephronParts:
• Glomerular capsule (a)
• Glomerulus (j)
• Proximal convoluted tubule (b)
• Loop of the nephron (c)
• Distal convoluted tubule (f)
• Collecting duct (g)
Each nephron has its own blood supply
Other parts shown:renal artery (h)afferent arteriole (i)efferent arteriole (k)peritubular capillary network (l)renal vein (m)
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Urine Production
Three Steps:
1) Glomerular Filtration
2) Tubular Reabsorption
3) Tubular Secretion
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Urine Production
1) Glomerular Filtration
• Produces glomerular filtrate
– Should contain:• Water
• Salts
• Nutrients
• Wastes (e.g., urea)
– Should NOT CONTAIN:• blood cells
Blood Convoluted tubules
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Urine Production
2) Tubular Reabsorption– Salts and nutrients are
actively reabsorbed into the blood from the convoluted tubules.
– Active transport, only molecules with carrier proteins are reabsorbed.
– Once the salt concentration is higher in the in the peritubular capillary, water flows passively.
Convoluted tubules Blood
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Urine Production
3) Tubular Secretion• Substances actively secreted
from blood to convoluted tubules
• Helps the body get rid of substances that were not filtered during glomerular filtration
• Too large, e.g., medications
Blood Convoluted tubules
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Urine Production
Three Steps:
1) Glomerular Filtration– Blood Convoluted
tubule
– Filter small molecules from the blood
2) Tubular Reabsorption– Convoluted tubule
Blood
– Reabsorb nutrients, salts, water
3) Tubular Secretion– Blood Convoluted
tubule
– Large molecules
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Urinalysis Lab
• What molecules do we expect to see in the urine?
• What might high amounts of certain molecules indicate?
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Urinalysis Lab
• pH – normal is 4.5 – 7.5
• Protein – normal is 0 – trace.
• Glucose – normal is 0 – trace.
• Blood – normal is 0 – 3 RBC.
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Sheep Kidney Dissection
• Before cutting, locate:
– Renal artery
– Renal vein
– Ureter
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Sheep Kidney Dissection
• Cut in half length-wise
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Sheep Kidney Dissection• Locate:
– Renal cortex
– Renal medulla
– Renal pelvis
– Renal pyramids